基于共散射点道集的VSP速度分析
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摘要
针对现有VSP速度分析方法不能较好满足成像需要的现状,将地面地震中等效偏移距的概念引入到VSP中,提出了适合VSP的等效偏移距的定义公式,并相应的给出了VSP的共散射点道集的形成原理和步骤,以及通过这种道集进行速度分析的流程.通过模型资料和实际资料的试验表明,这种道集有更大的覆盖次数和更高的偏移距范围,其速度不受地层倾角的影响,可以适应斜井等其他的垂直观测系统.因而利用VSP的共散射点道集能和地面地震一样进行速度分析,为VSP等垂直接收的地震提供一种有效的速度分析手段,具有较好的应用前景.
As existing VSP velocity analysis method can not better adapt to the current situation of image needs, we introducing the equivalent offset from surface seismic for VSP,redefined the formula for the VSP equivalent offset,and gives the VSP common scattering point gathers formation principles and procedures and the flow for velocity analysis by which gathers.By analyzing the model data and field data show that this gather has greater folds and higher range of offset,the velocity is not affected by the formation dip,and can be adapted to other vertical survery.Therefore,the common scattering point gather can be used to velocity analysis same as surface seismic.this method has a good application prospects.
As existing VSP velocity analysis method can not better adapt to the current situation of image needs, we introducing the equivalent offset from surface seismic for VSP,redefined the formula for the VSP equivalent offset,and gives the VSP common scattering point gathers formation principles and procedures and the flow for velocity analysis by which gathers.By analyzing the model data and field data show that this gather has greater folds and higher range of offset,the velocity is not affected by the formation dip,and can be adapted to other vertical survery.Therefore,the common scattering point gather can be used to velocity analysis same as surface seismic.this method has a good application prospects.
引文
Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.1994.Equivalent offsets and CRP gathersfor prestack migration[C].Expanded Abstracts 1994 SEGInternational Convention,672-675.
Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Foltinek D S.et al.1994.Prestackmigration by equivalent offsets and CSP gathers[R].CREWESResearch Report.
Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Wang S,et al.1995a.Prestackmigration by equivalent offsets and CSP gathers:An update[R].CREWES Research Report.
Bancroft J C,Wang S,Foltinek D S,et al.1995b.Common scatterpoint(CSP)prestack migration[G].Expanded Abstracts CSEG1995National Convention.
Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.1995.Velocity sensitivity for equivalentoffsets in CSP gathers[R].CREWES Research Report.
Bancroft J C,Xu Y.1998.Equivalent offset migration for verticalreceiver arrays[R].CREWES Research Report.
Bancroft J C,Xu Y,Stewart R R.1999.3-D vertical cableprocessing using EOM Carlos Rodriguez-Suarez[R].CREWESResearch Report.
Chen Z G.2012.A Study on Seismic Scattering Wave ImagingMethod(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,52-53.
Fowler P J.1996.A comparative overview of prestack timemigration methods[C].//Expanded Abstracts of 66th AnnualInternet SEG Mtg.,1571-1574.
Gou L M.2007.A Study on scattered wave imaging processingtechnique(in Chinese)[D].Beijing:China University ofGeosciences.
Gulati J S,Stewart R R,Peron J,et al.1997.3D3C normalmoveout correction and VSP CDP transformation[R].CREWES Research Report,9:1-30.
Huang Y J.2010.Multi-offset VSP velocity analysis and reversetime migration(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University.
Liu Y J,Li Z C,Huang J P,et al.2013.Prestack time migrationvelocity analysis and imaging of seismic diffractions[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),28(6):3022-3029.
Moeckel G P,Duncanville T X.1989.Method for moveoutcorrection and stacking velocity estimation of offset VSP data[P].USA:4802146.
Qing N,Li Z C,Yang X D,et al.2013.Pre-stack joint migrationvelocity modeling with multi-stage optimization[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),28(1):320-328.
Si X Y,Li L M,Xu L J,et al.2012.3D-VSP multiple velocityanalysis method and its application[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),51(1):56-64,7.
Song X Y,Li Z C,Zhou Q,et al.2013.Mapping noise suppressionin common scattering point gathers and its application.[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),52(5):524-529.
Su Y Y.2010.Methods of 3DVSP multi-wave velocity analysis andNMO correction(in Chinese)[D].Chengdu:ChengduUniversity of Technology.
Su Y Y,Li L M,Zhao J S,et al.2010.The processing methods ofNMO correction and stack in deviated 3D-VSP[J].ComputingTechniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(inChinese),32(2):132-137.
Su Y Y,Zhao C L,Feng B,et al.2011.Methods of VSP velocityanalysis and NMO correction[J].China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),16(4):70-73.
Sun Z D.2011.3D3C VSP method and application(in Chinese)[M].Petroleum Industry Press,171-199.
Sun Z D,Xie C H,Hao H M,et al.2011.VSP velocity extractionusing wave field extrapolation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(S1):12-16.
Wang W.2005.The pre-stack time migration study of equivalentoffset method(in Chinese)[D].Beijing:China University ofGeosciences.
Wang W,Yin J J,Liu X W,et al.2007.Equivalent offset methodand its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(6):1823-1830.
Wang Y H.2010.The study on velocity analysis and imagingmethod of deviated VSP(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:Chang’anUniversity,20-24.
Wu D S,Shen M C,Wu S W,et al.2011.The velocity analysismethod based on the common receiving point gather for non-zerooffset VSP[J].Science and Technology of West China(inChinese),(15):11-12.
Xie C H,Sun Z D,Wang X J,et al.2011.Travel-time Inversionusing VSP multi-wavefiled[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),46(S1):40-46.
Xu Z,Han L G,Lian Y G.2007.The migration imaging methodbased on equivalent offset[J].Journal of Jilin University(EarthScience Edition)(in Chinese),37(S1):57-60.
Zhang K,Li Z C,Zhou Q.2013.Pre-stack time migration andvelocity analysis on 3D common scattering fathers[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(4):531-535.
Zhu S W,Qu S L,Wei X C,et al.2010.To improve imagingresolution by mapping noise attenuation on CSP gathers[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),49(2):107-114.
陈占国.2012.地震散射波成像方法研究[D].西安:长安大学,52-53.
勾丽敏.2007.散射波成像处理技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学.
黄翼坚.2010.多井源距VSP速度分析及逆时偏移[D].西安:长安大学.
刘玉金,李振春,黄建平,等.2013.绕射波叠前时间偏移速度分析及成像[J].地球物理学进展,28(6):3022-3029.
秦宁,李振春,杨晓东,等.2013.叠前多级优化联合偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学进展,28(1):320-328.
斯兴焱,李录明,胥良君,等.2012.三维VSP多波速度分析方法及应用[J].石油物探,51(1):56-64,7.
宋翔宇,李振春,周卿,等.2013.共散射点道集映射噪声压制方法及其应用[J].石油物探,52(5):524-529.
苏媛媛.2010.三维VSP多波速度分析及动校正方法[D].成都:成都理工大学.
苏媛媛,李录明,赵俊省,等.2010.斜井三维VSP动校叠加处理方法[J].物探化探计算技术,32(2):132-137.
苏媛媛,赵诚亮,冯斌,等.2011.VSP速度分析及动校正方法[J].中国石油勘探,16(4):70-73.
孙赞东.2011.三维三分量VSP方法原理及应用[M].石油工业出版社,171-199.
孙赞东,谢春辉,郝会民,等.2011.VSP波场延拓求三维速度场[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(S1):12-16.
王伟.2005.基于等效偏移距方法叠前时间偏移的研究[D].北京:中国地质大学.
王伟,尹军杰,刘学伟,等.2007.等效偏移距方法及应用[J].地球物理学报,50(6):1823-1830.
王云宏.2010.斜井VSP速度分析与成像方法研究[D].西安:长安大学,20-24.
伍敦仕,沈铭成,吴尚尉,等.2011.一种基于共接收点道集的非零偏VSP速度分析方法[J].中国西部科技,(15):11-12.
谢春辉,孙赞东,王学军,等.2011.VSP多波旅行时反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(S1):40-46.
许卓,韩立国,廉玉广.2007.基于等效偏移距的偏移成像方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),37(S1):57-60.
张凯,李振春,周卿.2013.三维共散射点道集叠前时间偏移速度分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(4):531-535.
朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成,等.2010.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率[J].石油物探,49(2):107-114.
Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Foltinek D S.et al.1994.Prestackmigration by equivalent offsets and CSP gathers[R].CREWESResearch Report.
Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Wang S,et al.1995a.Prestackmigration by equivalent offsets and CSP gathers:An update[R].CREWES Research Report.
Bancroft J C,Wang S,Foltinek D S,et al.1995b.Common scatterpoint(CSP)prestack migration[G].Expanded Abstracts CSEG1995National Convention.
Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.1995.Velocity sensitivity for equivalentoffsets in CSP gathers[R].CREWES Research Report.
Bancroft J C,Xu Y.1998.Equivalent offset migration for verticalreceiver arrays[R].CREWES Research Report.
Bancroft J C,Xu Y,Stewart R R.1999.3-D vertical cableprocessing using EOM Carlos Rodriguez-Suarez[R].CREWESResearch Report.
Chen Z G.2012.A Study on Seismic Scattering Wave ImagingMethod(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,52-53.
Fowler P J.1996.A comparative overview of prestack timemigration methods[C].//Expanded Abstracts of 66th AnnualInternet SEG Mtg.,1571-1574.
Gou L M.2007.A Study on scattered wave imaging processingtechnique(in Chinese)[D].Beijing:China University ofGeosciences.
Gulati J S,Stewart R R,Peron J,et al.1997.3D3C normalmoveout correction and VSP CDP transformation[R].CREWES Research Report,9:1-30.
Huang Y J.2010.Multi-offset VSP velocity analysis and reversetime migration(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University.
Liu Y J,Li Z C,Huang J P,et al.2013.Prestack time migrationvelocity analysis and imaging of seismic diffractions[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),28(6):3022-3029.
Moeckel G P,Duncanville T X.1989.Method for moveoutcorrection and stacking velocity estimation of offset VSP data[P].USA:4802146.
Qing N,Li Z C,Yang X D,et al.2013.Pre-stack joint migrationvelocity modeling with multi-stage optimization[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),28(1):320-328.
Si X Y,Li L M,Xu L J,et al.2012.3D-VSP multiple velocityanalysis method and its application[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum(in Chinese),51(1):56-64,7.
Song X Y,Li Z C,Zhou Q,et al.2013.Mapping noise suppressionin common scattering point gathers and its application.[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),52(5):524-529.
Su Y Y.2010.Methods of 3DVSP multi-wave velocity analysis andNMO correction(in Chinese)[D].Chengdu:ChengduUniversity of Technology.
Su Y Y,Li L M,Zhao J S,et al.2010.The processing methods ofNMO correction and stack in deviated 3D-VSP[J].ComputingTechniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(inChinese),32(2):132-137.
Su Y Y,Zhao C L,Feng B,et al.2011.Methods of VSP velocityanalysis and NMO correction[J].China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),16(4):70-73.
Sun Z D.2011.3D3C VSP method and application(in Chinese)[M].Petroleum Industry Press,171-199.
Sun Z D,Xie C H,Hao H M,et al.2011.VSP velocity extractionusing wave field extrapolation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(S1):12-16.
Wang W.2005.The pre-stack time migration study of equivalentoffset method(in Chinese)[D].Beijing:China University ofGeosciences.
Wang W,Yin J J,Liu X W,et al.2007.Equivalent offset methodand its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(6):1823-1830.
Wang Y H.2010.The study on velocity analysis and imagingmethod of deviated VSP(in Chinese)[D].Xi’an:Chang’anUniversity,20-24.
Wu D S,Shen M C,Wu S W,et al.2011.The velocity analysismethod based on the common receiving point gather for non-zerooffset VSP[J].Science and Technology of West China(inChinese),(15):11-12.
Xie C H,Sun Z D,Wang X J,et al.2011.Travel-time Inversionusing VSP multi-wavefiled[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),46(S1):40-46.
Xu Z,Han L G,Lian Y G.2007.The migration imaging methodbased on equivalent offset[J].Journal of Jilin University(EarthScience Edition)(in Chinese),37(S1):57-60.
Zhang K,Li Z C,Zhou Q.2013.Pre-stack time migration andvelocity analysis on 3D common scattering fathers[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(4):531-535.
Zhu S W,Qu S L,Wei X C,et al.2010.To improve imagingresolution by mapping noise attenuation on CSP gathers[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),49(2):107-114.
陈占国.2012.地震散射波成像方法研究[D].西安:长安大学,52-53.
勾丽敏.2007.散射波成像处理技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学.
黄翼坚.2010.多井源距VSP速度分析及逆时偏移[D].西安:长安大学.
刘玉金,李振春,黄建平,等.2013.绕射波叠前时间偏移速度分析及成像[J].地球物理学进展,28(6):3022-3029.
秦宁,李振春,杨晓东,等.2013.叠前多级优化联合偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学进展,28(1):320-328.
斯兴焱,李录明,胥良君,等.2012.三维VSP多波速度分析方法及应用[J].石油物探,51(1):56-64,7.
宋翔宇,李振春,周卿,等.2013.共散射点道集映射噪声压制方法及其应用[J].石油物探,52(5):524-529.
苏媛媛.2010.三维VSP多波速度分析及动校正方法[D].成都:成都理工大学.
苏媛媛,李录明,赵俊省,等.2010.斜井三维VSP动校叠加处理方法[J].物探化探计算技术,32(2):132-137.
苏媛媛,赵诚亮,冯斌,等.2011.VSP速度分析及动校正方法[J].中国石油勘探,16(4):70-73.
孙赞东.2011.三维三分量VSP方法原理及应用[M].石油工业出版社,171-199.
孙赞东,谢春辉,郝会民,等.2011.VSP波场延拓求三维速度场[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(S1):12-16.
王伟.2005.基于等效偏移距方法叠前时间偏移的研究[D].北京:中国地质大学.
王伟,尹军杰,刘学伟,等.2007.等效偏移距方法及应用[J].地球物理学报,50(6):1823-1830.
王云宏.2010.斜井VSP速度分析与成像方法研究[D].西安:长安大学,20-24.
伍敦仕,沈铭成,吴尚尉,等.2011.一种基于共接收点道集的非零偏VSP速度分析方法[J].中国西部科技,(15):11-12.
谢春辉,孙赞东,王学军,等.2011.VSP多波旅行时反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(S1):40-46.
许卓,韩立国,廉玉广.2007.基于等效偏移距的偏移成像方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),37(S1):57-60.
张凯,李振春,周卿.2013.三维共散射点道集叠前时间偏移速度分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,48(4):531-535.
朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成,等.2010.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率[J].石油物探,49(2):107-114.
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