空基和地基近直流电场观测数据背景特征的相关性
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摘要
研究空基和地基电磁观测数据各自的特点和规律,并探索两者之间变化的相关性,对将空基和地基观测资料综合应用于地震监测研究具有重要的科学意义.本文利用法国DEMETER卫星的电场观测数据和我国甘肃天祝前兆科学试验台阵红沙湾地震台的水平地电场和垂直地电场、四川省地震局成都地震台的水平地电场的观测资料,重点对卫星和地面探测的近直流频段信号进行了综合分析.研究结果表明:(1)卫星直接观测记录的ULF电场观测值没有呈现明显的年变化趋势,但日侧和夜侧的Ez向(卫星运行速度的切线方向)观测数据呈现了一种长期的周期性特征,与地电场观测资料无相关性和同步性;(2)去掉卫星运行切割磁力线所造成的附加电场后所得的电离层电场与地面记录的地电场数据数量级相当,均集中在10-1～10-2 mV/m左右,两者具有可比性;(3)去掉卫星运行切割磁力线所造成的附加电场后,夜侧Ey(卫星轨道平面的法线方向)和Ez(卫星运行速度的切线方向)向的电离层电场数据均具有比较清晰的季节性变化趋势,呈现出较为稳定的年变周期,这与水平地电场的年变趋势一致.电离层电场和水平地电场在数量级和年变趋势上都呈现出明显的一致性.
To explore and research the characteristics of the space-based and ground-based electromagnetic observational data and the correlation between them has important scientific significance for integrating satellite and ground electromagnetic monitoring data used in earthquake monitoring and research.In the paper,the near DC electromagnetic data recorded in DEMETER satellite,vertical and horizontal geoelectric field data recorded in Hongshawan station and horizontal geoelectric field data recorded in Chengdu station were comprehensively studied.The results showed that:(1)The ULF electric field observational data recorded directly by the DEMETER satellite did not show significant annual change trends;the observational data along the velocity vector direction both day side and night side present a longer-term cyclical characteristic,but there are no correlation and synchronization with geoelectric field observational data.(2)The magnitude of electric field data in ionosphere after removing the additional electric field value caused by satellite cutting magnetic line is consistent with geoelectric field data,and concentrated at about 10-1~10-2 mV/m.(3)The concave annual seasonal change trend is displayed by the observation data along the normal to the orbit direction and along the velocity vector direction in night side,and showing a relatively stable annual variation period,this is consistent with the trend of the annual variation of the horizontal geoelectric field.Therefore,both the magnitude and trends have shown the correlation and synchronization every year.
To explore and research the characteristics of the space-based and ground-based electromagnetic observational data and the correlation between them has important scientific significance for integrating satellite and ground electromagnetic monitoring data used in earthquake monitoring and research.In the paper,the near DC electromagnetic data recorded in DEMETER satellite,vertical and horizontal geoelectric field data recorded in Hongshawan station and horizontal geoelectric field data recorded in Chengdu station were comprehensively studied.The results showed that:(1)The ULF electric field observational data recorded directly by the DEMETER satellite did not show significant annual change trends;the observational data along the velocity vector direction both day side and night side present a longer-term cyclical characteristic,but there are no correlation and synchronization with geoelectric field observational data.(2)The magnitude of electric field data in ionosphere after removing the additional electric field value caused by satellite cutting magnetic line is consistent with geoelectric field data,and concentrated at about 10-1~10-2 mV/m.(3)The concave annual seasonal change trend is displayed by the observation data along the normal to the orbit direction and along the velocity vector direction in night side,and showing a relatively stable annual variation period,this is consistent with the trend of the annual variation of the horizontal geoelectric field.Therefore,both the magnitude and trends have shown the correlation and synchronization every year.
引文
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[5]张素琴,杨冬梅.磁暴时磁场变化率与地电场相关性研究.地震地磁观测与研究,2010,31(3):7-12.Zhang S Q,Yang D M.The correlation study of geomagnetic storm change rate and geoelectric field.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2010,31(3):7-12.
[6]马钦忠.地电场多极距观测装置系统与文安M s 5.1地震前首都圈地电场异常研究.地震学报,2008,30(6):615-625.Ma Q Z.Multi-dipole observation system and study on the abnormal variation of the geoelectric field observed at Capital Network before the 2006 Wen′an,Hebei of China,M s 5.1 earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,30(6):615-625.
[7]杜学彬,席继楼,谭大诚等.地震台站建设规范,地电台站,第2部分:地电场台站.中华人民共和国地震行业标准,2006:2-5.Du X B,Xi J L,Tan D C,et al.Specification for the construction of seismic station Geoelectrical station part 2:Geoelectrical field observatory(in Chinese).The Seismology Trades Standard of the PRC,2006:2-5.
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[9]Hayakawa M.Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Pub.Co.,1999.
[10]Chmyrev V M,Isaev N V,Bilichenko S V,et al.Observation by space-borne detectors of electric fields and hydromagnetic waves in the ionosphere over an earthquake centre.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1989,57(1-2):110114.
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[13]Parrot M.Statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions recorded by a low-altitude satellite during seismic events.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(23):339-347.
[14]Molchanov O A,Mazhaeva O A,Golyavin A N,et al.Observation by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELF-VLF electromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes.Ann.Geophys.,1993,11(5):431-440.
[15]Pulinets S A,Legen′ka A D,Gaivoronskaya T V,et al.Main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes.Journal of Atmospheric and SolarTerrestrial Physics,2003,65(16-18):1337-1347.
[16]Parrot M,Berthelier J J,Lebreton J P,et al.Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31(4-9):486-495.
[17]Sarkar S,Gwal A K,Parrot M.Ionospheric variations observed by the DEMETER satellite in the mid-latitude region during strong earthquakes.Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2007,69(13):1524-1540.
[18]Bhattacharya S,Sarkar S,Gwal A K,et al.Satellite and ground-based ULF/ELF emissions observed before Gujarat earthquake in March2006.Current Science,2007,93(1):41-46.
[19]张学民,钱家栋,欧阳新艳等.DEMETER卫星观测到的智利7.9级地震前的电离层电磁扰动.地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1196-1203.Zhang X M,Qian J D,Ouyang X Y,et al.Ionospheric electromagnetic disturbances observed on DEMETER satellite before an earthquake of M7.9in Chili.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1196-1203.
[20]张学民,申旭辉,欧阳新艳等.汶川8级地震前空间电离层VLF电场异常现象.电波科学学报,2009,24(6):1024-1032.Zhang X M,Shen X H,Ouyang X Y,et al.Ionosphere VLF electric field anomalies before Wenchuan M8earthquake.Chinese Journal of Radio Science(in Chinese),2009,24(6):1024-1032.
[21]曾中超,张蓓,方广有等.利用Demeter卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):11-19.Zeng Z C,Zhang B,Fang G Y,et al.The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):11-19.
[22]欧阳新艳.利用DEMETER卫星数据提取地震异常的方法初探——以普洱地震为例[硕士论文].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2008.Ouyang X Y.Study on methods for extracting earthquake-related anomalies using observations of DEMETER satellite illustrated by the case of Pu′er[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Earthquake Science,China Earthquake Administration,2008.
[23]赵国泽,陈小斌,蔡军涛.电磁卫星和地震预测.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):667-673.Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Cai J T.Electromagnetic observation by satellite and earthquake prediction.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,22(3):667-673.
[24]武安绪,张永仙,周元泽等.基于改进型图像信息方法的汶川地震前电离层参量时空特征研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2445-2457.Wu A X,Zhang Y X,Zhou Y Z,et al.On the spatial-temporal characteristics of ionospheric parameters before Wenchuan earthquake with the MPI method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(10):2445-2457.
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