馆藏浮放陶瓷文物地震摇晃响应振动台试验
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摘要
为保护可移动文物,采取试验方法研究了地震作用下馆藏浮放文物的摇晃响应。以故宫某展柜为原型,制作了1∶1比例的模型,并在展柜内放置了一陶瓷文物,进行了振动台试验。通过白噪声激励,获得了展柜的基频;通过输入不同类型、不同强度的地震波,研究了展柜和文物的地震响应;通过数值模拟,从理论上对模型地震响应进行了进一步论证。结果表明:对展柜而言,其基频在29~35Hz之间,与地震波卓越频率相差较大,因而在地震作用下摇晃不明显;对文物而言,在地震波强度较小时能保持稳定振动状态,而在地震波强度较大时,文物容易产生明显摇晃并导致倾覆。此外,数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果吻合,证明了试验方法的有效性。在实际工程中,对高宽比较大的文物,应采取适当的加固措施,以减轻其摇晃震害。
With the aim of protecting movable cultural relics,the response to oscillation of a free-standing museum cultural relic under earthquake conditions was studied mainly by shaking table tests.A 1∶ 1 scale model of a showcase in the Palace Museum was built.A free-standing ceramic cultural relic was put in the showcase.Using white noise excitation,frequency distributions of the showcase were obtained.Then the seismic responses of both showcase and relic were studied by inputting 3 different types of earthquake waves with different intensities.Using simulation methods,finite elemental models for the showcase and relic were built and modal as well as time history analyses were carried out to validate the efficacy of shaking table tests.The results show that prominent frequency ingredients of the showcase are between 29 to 35Hz,which were far from those of input earthquake waves;thus the showcase is not damaged seriously,For the relic itself,when input earthquake intensity is low,it is relatively stable,but when earthquake intensity increases,its response to oscillation becomes obvious,and it even overturns under strong earthquake conditions.Thus the simulation results are good in accordance with those of shaking table tests,which proved efficacy of the test method.In real cases,i.e.,for movable cultural relics with a large heightto-with ratio,measures have to be taken to reduce its amplitude of oscillation.
With the aim of protecting movable cultural relics,the response to oscillation of a free-standing museum cultural relic under earthquake conditions was studied mainly by shaking table tests.A 1∶ 1 scale model of a showcase in the Palace Museum was built.A free-standing ceramic cultural relic was put in the showcase.Using white noise excitation,frequency distributions of the showcase were obtained.Then the seismic responses of both showcase and relic were studied by inputting 3 different types of earthquake waves with different intensities.Using simulation methods,finite elemental models for the showcase and relic were built and modal as well as time history analyses were carried out to validate the efficacy of shaking table tests.The results show that prominent frequency ingredients of the showcase are between 29 to 35Hz,which were far from those of input earthquake waves;thus the showcase is not damaged seriously,For the relic itself,when input earthquake intensity is low,it is relatively stable,but when earthquake intensity increases,its response to oscillation becomes obvious,and it even overturns under strong earthquake conditions.Thus the simulation results are good in accordance with those of shaking table tests,which proved efficacy of the test method.In real cases,i.e.,for movable cultural relics with a large heightto-with ratio,measures have to be taken to reduce its amplitude of oscillation.
引文
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[2]Spyrakos C C,Maniatakis C A,Taflampas I M.Assessment of seismic risk for museum artifacts[C]∥Proceedings of the 14thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Beijing,China,2008(CDROM).
[3]周乾,闫维明.汶川地震可移动文物震害研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2010,22(3):36-43.ZHOU Qian,YAN Wei-ming.Damage analysis of free-standing cultural relics by wenchuan earthquake[J].Sci Conserv Archaeol,2010,22(3):36-43.
[4]韦荃,陈显丹.5·12汶川大地震对四川可移动文物的损坏与启示[J].四川文物,2008,(4):10-13.WEI Quan,CHEN Xian-dan.Experiences from damages of movable cultural relics by wenchuan earthquake on may 12th,2008[J].Sichuan Cult Relics,2008,(4):10-13.
[5]张俊勇,唐家祥.地震动摆动作用下室内浮放设备的响应[J].华中理工大学学报,1997,25(5):88-90.ZHANG Jun-yong,TANG Jia-xiang.The response of indoor free-standing equipment under the action of a foundation seesawing during an earthquake[J].J Huazhong Univ Sci Tech,1997,25(5):88-90.
[6]张俊勇,唐家祥.地震中室内浮放设备的混沌响应[J].工程力学,1997,14(4):76-82.ZHANG Jun-yong,TANG Jia-xiang.Chaotic response of free-standing indoor equipment under earthquake[J].Eng Mech,1997,14(4):76-82.
[7]郭恩栋,王滔,吴伟.地震作用下浮放设备摆动反应研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2008,24(2):252-255.GUO En-dong,WANG Tao,WU Wei.Study on seismic oscillation response of free-standing equipment[J].J Shenyang Jianzhu Univ(Nat Sci),2008,24(2):252-255.
[8]Harry W S,Nicholas P J.Base excitation of rigid bodies.I:formulation[J].J Eng Mech,1991,117(10):2286-2306.
[9]Harry W S,Nicholas P J.Base excitation of rigid bodies.II:periodic slide-rock response[J].J Eng Mech,1991,117(10),2307-2328.
[10]Dimentberg M F,LIN Y K,ZHANG R C.Toppling of computertype equipment under base excitation[J].J Eng Mech,1993,119(1):145-160.
[11]Hogan S J.Slender rigid block motion[J].J Eng Mech,1994,120(1):11-24.
[12]Harry W S.Criteria for initiation of slide,rock,and slide-rock rigid-body modes[J].J Eng Mech,1996,122(7):690-693.
[13]Yadav D,Girdhar P,Kumar V,et al.Earthquake vulnerability of free standing monolithic statues[J].Europ J Sci Res,2010,144(2):355-373.
[14]徐赵东,曾晓,巫可益,等.黏弹性多维隔减震结构水平向振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(10):8-14.XU Zhao-dong,ZENG Xiao,WU Ke-yi,et al.Horizontal shaking table tests for structure with viscoelastic multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation devices[J].China Civil Eng J,2009,42(10):8-14.
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