新疆于田阿什库勒火山群若干新的野外地质证据
|
摘要
位于青藏高原北缘的新疆于田阿什库勒火山群地区是中国大陆现代火山和地震活动最活跃的构造区之一,是研究青藏高原演化的重要窗口,但由于地处高海拔(4700~5600m.a.s.l.)无人区,研究程度还很低,甚至还不曾开展过系统详细的野外地质调查。本文报道最近在这一地区的一次野外考察结果,在前人鲜为涉足的阿什库勒盆地北部发现了苏贝稀1号、苏贝稀2号和托甫热三个火山口,并且在前人有争议的盆地南部高台山地区找到确凿的证据,重新认定高台山火山的存在。我们还在高台山和椅子山火山之间考察了前人未曾报道的小黑沟火山。由小黑沟流向乌鲁克库勒湖的火山熔岩流动和冷却过程中形成的熔岩冢等火山地质景观在严酷的荒漠环境中迄今仍然保存完好,表明小黑山火山很可能是一座全新世的火山,是本次考察到的最年轻的火山。
Located at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,the Ashikule Volcanic Field is one of very few areas with both active volcanic and strong seismic activities in China. It constitutes a window into the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.However,so far the level of geological study in this region is very low,mainly due to the inaccessibility related to its high altitude( 4700 ~ 5600 m. a. s. l.) and remote geographic settings. Indeed,the geological and volcanic features in this area have not been fully explored. In this field survey report,we identified three new volcanic craters,namely Subeixi-1,Subeixi-2,and Tuofure,on the north side of the Ashikule Basin which had barely been covered by previous geological explorations. On the relatively better known south side of the basin,we uncovered several pieces of evidence to reconfirm the existence of the Gaotaishan volcanic crater which had been disputed by some researchers. In between the Gaotaishan and Yizishan,we discovered another crater,the Xiaoheigou volcanic crater.Well preserved tumuli and other fresh volcanic features were found on the path of the lava flow from the Xiaoheigou crater into the Lake Wulukekule,suggesting that the Xiaoheigou volcano is likely a Holocene volcano. It is the youngest among the volcanic craters we visited during our field excursion.
Located at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,the Ashikule Volcanic Field is one of very few areas with both active volcanic and strong seismic activities in China. It constitutes a window into the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.However,so far the level of geological study in this region is very low,mainly due to the inaccessibility related to its high altitude( 4700 ~ 5600 m. a. s. l.) and remote geographic settings. Indeed,the geological and volcanic features in this area have not been fully explored. In this field survey report,we identified three new volcanic craters,namely Subeixi-1,Subeixi-2,and Tuofure,on the north side of the Ashikule Basin which had barely been covered by previous geological explorations. On the relatively better known south side of the basin,we uncovered several pieces of evidence to reconfirm the existence of the Gaotaishan volcanic crater which had been disputed by some researchers. In between the Gaotaishan and Yizishan,we discovered another crater,the Xiaoheigou volcanic crater.Well preserved tumuli and other fresh volcanic features were found on the path of the lava flow from the Xiaoheigou crater into the Lake Wulukekule,suggesting that the Xiaoheigou volcano is likely a Holocene volcano. It is the youngest among the volcanic craters we visited during our field excursion.
引文
Arnaud NO,Vidal P,Tapponnier P et al.1992.The high K2Ovolcanism of northwestern Tibet:Geochemistry and tectonicimplications.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,111(2-4):351-367
Cooper KM,Reid MR,Dunbar NW et al.2002.Origin of mafic magmasbeneath northwestern Tibet:Constraints from230Th-238Udisequilibria.Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,3(11):1-23
Deng WM.1989.Geological investigation on the volcanic group in theWulukekule(lake),region Xinjiang.Query the validity of“theeruption of No.1 volcano in 1951”.Journal of Natural Resources,4(4):349-354(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gordon SM,Luffi P,Hacker B et al.2012.The thermal structure ofcontinental crust in active orogens:Insight from Miocene eclogite andgranulite xenoliths of the Pamir Mountains.Journal of MetamorphicGeology,30(4):413-434
Guo ZF,Wilson M,Liu JQ et al.2006.Post-collisional,potassic andultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau:Constraintson characteristics of the mantle source,geodynamic setting and upliftmechanisms.Journal of Petrology,47(6):1177-1220
Li HB,Yang JS,Xu ZQ et al.2006.The constraint of the Altyn Taghfault system to the growth and rise of the northern Tibetan Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,13(4):59-79(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Li SK.1991.Study on the geomorphology and Quaternary geology of theAshikule Basin,Middle Kunlun Mountains.Acta GeographicaSinica,46(2):224-232(in Chinese)
Liu JQ and Yiming MMT.1989.Distribution and ages of Ashikulevolcanoes on the West Kunlun Mountains,West China.Bull.Glacial.Res.,(7):187-190
Liu JQ and Yiming MMT.1990.K-Ar Age and distribution of XikunlunVolcano in Quaternary.Science in China(Series D),20(2):180-187(in Chinese)
Liu JQ.2000.Volcanoes in China.In:Liu RX(ed.).ActiveVolcanoes in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,81-88(inChinese)
Liu RX.2000.Active Volcanoes in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,1-114(in Chinese)
Negredo AM,Replumaz A,Villasenor A et al.2007.Modeling theevolution of continental subduction processes in the Pamir-HinduKush region.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,259(1-2):212-225
Pan JW,Li HB,Sun ZM et al.2013.Late Quaternary uplift of thenorthwestern Tibetan Plateau:Evidences from river terraces in theAshikule area,West Kunlun Mountain.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(6):2199-2210(in Chinese with English abstract)
Thiede RC,Sobel ER,Chen J et al.2013.Late Cenozoic extension andcrustal doming in the India-Eurasia collision zone:Newthermochronologic constraints from the NE Chinese Pamir.Tectonics,32(3):763-779
Tong W,Zhang M,Zhang Z et al.1981.Geothermics in Tibet.Beijing:Science Press,100-106(in Chinese)
Turner S,Hawkesworth C,Liu JQ et al.1993.Timing of Tibetan upliftconstrained by analysis of volcanic-rocks.Nature,364(6432):50-54
Turner S,Arnaud N,Liu J et al.1996.Post-collision,shoshoniticvolcanism on the Tibetan Plateau:Implications for convectivethinning of the lithosphere and the source of ocean island basalts.Journal of Petrology,37(1):45-71
Xu JD,Zhao B,Zhang LY and Chen ZQ.2011.Field geologicalexploration of Ashikule volcano group in western Kunlun Mountain.Seismology and Geology,33(3):499-505(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Xu JD,Zhao B,Sindney H et al.2014.Geological features and eruptionhistory of Ashikule volcano clusters in western Kunlun Mountain.Acta Petrologica Sinica,30(12):3521-3530(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Xu XW,Tan XB,Yu GH et al.2013.Normal-and oblique-slip of the2008 Yutian earthquake:Evidence for eastward block motion,northern Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,584:152-165
Zhang PZ and Engdahl ER.2013.Great earthquakes in the 21stcenturyand geodynamics of the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,584:1-6
Zhang ZC,Xiao XC,Wang J et al.2008.Post-collisional PlioPleistocene shoshonitic volcanism in the western Kunlun Mountains,NW China:Geochemical constraints on mantle source characteristicsand petrogenesis.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,31(4-6):379-403
邓万明.1989.新疆乌鲁克库勒火山群地质考察———“1951年1号火山喷发”质疑.自然资源学报,4(4):349-354
李海兵,杨经绥,许志琴等.2006.阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约.地学前缘,13(4):59-79
李栓科.1991.中昆仑山阿什库勒盆地地貌与第四纪环境问题.地理学报,46(2):224-232
刘嘉麒,买买提·依明.1990.西昆仑山第四纪火山的分布与K-Ar年龄.中国科学(B辑),20(2):180-197
刘嘉麒.2000.新疆于田阿什山火山.见:刘若新主编.中国的活火山.北京:地震出版社,81-88
刘若新.2000.中国的活火山.北京:地震出版社,1-114
潘家伟,李海兵,孙知明等.2013.青藏高原西北部晚第四纪以来的隆升作用.岩石学报,29(6):2199-2210
佟伟,章铭陶,张知非等.1981.西藏地热.北京:科学出版社,100-106
许建东,赵波,张柳毅,陈正全.2011.新疆阿什库勒火山群野外地质科学考察.地震地质,33(3):499-505
许建东,赵波,Sindney H等.2014.西昆仑阿什库勒火山群地质特征和活动分期.岩石学报,30(12):3521-3530
Cooper KM,Reid MR,Dunbar NW et al.2002.Origin of mafic magmasbeneath northwestern Tibet:Constraints from230Th-238Udisequilibria.Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,3(11):1-23
Deng WM.1989.Geological investigation on the volcanic group in theWulukekule(lake),region Xinjiang.Query the validity of“theeruption of No.1 volcano in 1951”.Journal of Natural Resources,4(4):349-354(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gordon SM,Luffi P,Hacker B et al.2012.The thermal structure ofcontinental crust in active orogens:Insight from Miocene eclogite andgranulite xenoliths of the Pamir Mountains.Journal of MetamorphicGeology,30(4):413-434
Guo ZF,Wilson M,Liu JQ et al.2006.Post-collisional,potassic andultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau:Constraintson characteristics of the mantle source,geodynamic setting and upliftmechanisms.Journal of Petrology,47(6):1177-1220
Li HB,Yang JS,Xu ZQ et al.2006.The constraint of the Altyn Taghfault system to the growth and rise of the northern Tibetan Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers,13(4):59-79(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Li SK.1991.Study on the geomorphology and Quaternary geology of theAshikule Basin,Middle Kunlun Mountains.Acta GeographicaSinica,46(2):224-232(in Chinese)
Liu JQ and Yiming MMT.1989.Distribution and ages of Ashikulevolcanoes on the West Kunlun Mountains,West China.Bull.Glacial.Res.,(7):187-190
Liu JQ and Yiming MMT.1990.K-Ar Age and distribution of XikunlunVolcano in Quaternary.Science in China(Series D),20(2):180-187(in Chinese)
Liu JQ.2000.Volcanoes in China.In:Liu RX(ed.).ActiveVolcanoes in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,81-88(inChinese)
Liu RX.2000.Active Volcanoes in China.Beijing:Seismological Press,1-114(in Chinese)
Negredo AM,Replumaz A,Villasenor A et al.2007.Modeling theevolution of continental subduction processes in the Pamir-HinduKush region.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,259(1-2):212-225
Pan JW,Li HB,Sun ZM et al.2013.Late Quaternary uplift of thenorthwestern Tibetan Plateau:Evidences from river terraces in theAshikule area,West Kunlun Mountain.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(6):2199-2210(in Chinese with English abstract)
Thiede RC,Sobel ER,Chen J et al.2013.Late Cenozoic extension andcrustal doming in the India-Eurasia collision zone:Newthermochronologic constraints from the NE Chinese Pamir.Tectonics,32(3):763-779
Tong W,Zhang M,Zhang Z et al.1981.Geothermics in Tibet.Beijing:Science Press,100-106(in Chinese)
Turner S,Hawkesworth C,Liu JQ et al.1993.Timing of Tibetan upliftconstrained by analysis of volcanic-rocks.Nature,364(6432):50-54
Turner S,Arnaud N,Liu J et al.1996.Post-collision,shoshoniticvolcanism on the Tibetan Plateau:Implications for convectivethinning of the lithosphere and the source of ocean island basalts.Journal of Petrology,37(1):45-71
Xu JD,Zhao B,Zhang LY and Chen ZQ.2011.Field geologicalexploration of Ashikule volcano group in western Kunlun Mountain.Seismology and Geology,33(3):499-505(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Xu JD,Zhao B,Sindney H et al.2014.Geological features and eruptionhistory of Ashikule volcano clusters in western Kunlun Mountain.Acta Petrologica Sinica,30(12):3521-3530(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Xu XW,Tan XB,Yu GH et al.2013.Normal-and oblique-slip of the2008 Yutian earthquake:Evidence for eastward block motion,northern Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,584:152-165
Zhang PZ and Engdahl ER.2013.Great earthquakes in the 21stcenturyand geodynamics of the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,584:1-6
Zhang ZC,Xiao XC,Wang J et al.2008.Post-collisional PlioPleistocene shoshonitic volcanism in the western Kunlun Mountains,NW China:Geochemical constraints on mantle source characteristicsand petrogenesis.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,31(4-6):379-403
邓万明.1989.新疆乌鲁克库勒火山群地质考察———“1951年1号火山喷发”质疑.自然资源学报,4(4):349-354
李海兵,杨经绥,许志琴等.2006.阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约.地学前缘,13(4):59-79
李栓科.1991.中昆仑山阿什库勒盆地地貌与第四纪环境问题.地理学报,46(2):224-232
刘嘉麒,买买提·依明.1990.西昆仑山第四纪火山的分布与K-Ar年龄.中国科学(B辑),20(2):180-197
刘嘉麒.2000.新疆于田阿什山火山.见:刘若新主编.中国的活火山.北京:地震出版社,81-88
刘若新.2000.中国的活火山.北京:地震出版社,1-114
潘家伟,李海兵,孙知明等.2013.青藏高原西北部晚第四纪以来的隆升作用.岩石学报,29(6):2199-2210
佟伟,章铭陶,张知非等.1981.西藏地热.北京:科学出版社,100-106
许建东,赵波,张柳毅,陈正全.2011.新疆阿什库勒火山群野外地质科学考察.地震地质,33(3):499-505
许建东,赵波,Sindney H等.2014.西昆仑阿什库勒火山群地质特征和活动分期.岩石学报,30(12):3521-3530
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心