南极半岛鲍威尔盆地新生代构造变形、沉积演化及其控制因素
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摘要
通过对南极半岛鲍威尔盆地及邻区多道地震数据、重磁数据及测井数据的综合解译,对其地层结构和沉积特征进行了研究,并对其新生代构造、沉积演化过程以及主控因素进行了分析.对地震剖面的解释共划分出4个层序界面,5个构造沉积单元.研究结果表明鲍威尔盆地是一个典型的弧后盆地,始新世以来西侧太平洋板块向南极半岛之下持续的俯冲,以及东侧新生代以来威德尔海向斯科舍地区俯冲带的后撤,导致南极半岛发生近东西向的伸展作用,南奥克尼微地块与南极半岛裂离,并最终在早渐新世末期-早中新世期间发生海底扩张作用.南奥克尼微地块一侧的东部陆缘与南极半岛一侧的西部陆缘表现为被动陆缘特征,为共轭陆缘.其南北两侧陆缘则表现为走滑-拉张特征.对研究区沉积过程的控制因素进行研究,包括构造活动和沉积物源,海平面变化,以及冰川作用.其中南极半岛新生代冰川作用的影响因素显示了高纬度区边缘海盆地独特的沉积特征.
Integrated geophysical data including multichannel seismic data,gravity, magmetic,and drilling data were interpreted and analyzed in the Powell Basin, Antarctica Peninsula.Based on interpretation we worked out stratigraphic sequences,tectonic structures,and sedimentary controlling factors. Five tectonic-stratigraphic units are determined,together with four sequence boundaries.Detailed analyses reveal that the Powell Basin is a typical back-arc basin.The continued subduction of the Pacific plate under the Antarctica Peninsula since Eocene,and the slab roll-back of the Weddel Sea's subduction under the Scotia region triggered the break-up of the Antarctica Peninsula and sea-floor spreading in Powell Basin between the end of Early Oligocene and Early Miocene.The eastern margin at the South Orkney microcontinent side and the western margin at the Antarctica Peninsula side are conjugated passive margins,while the northern and southern margin are of strike-slip features.Controlling factors on the sedimentary process are discussed,including tectonic activities,sedimentary origin,sea level changes,and glacial events.The effects of the Cenozoic glacial events in the Antarctica Peninsula on the sedimentary process mark the distinctive features of a high-latitude marginal sea example.
Integrated geophysical data including multichannel seismic data,gravity, magmetic,and drilling data were interpreted and analyzed in the Powell Basin, Antarctica Peninsula.Based on interpretation we worked out stratigraphic sequences,tectonic structures,and sedimentary controlling factors. Five tectonic-stratigraphic units are determined,together with four sequence boundaries.Detailed analyses reveal that the Powell Basin is a typical back-arc basin.The continued subduction of the Pacific plate under the Antarctica Peninsula since Eocene,and the slab roll-back of the Weddel Sea's subduction under the Scotia region triggered the break-up of the Antarctica Peninsula and sea-floor spreading in Powell Basin between the end of Early Oligocene and Early Miocene.The eastern margin at the South Orkney microcontinent side and the western margin at the Antarctica Peninsula side are conjugated passive margins,while the northern and southern margin are of strike-slip features.Controlling factors on the sedimentary process are discussed,including tectonic activities,sedimentary origin,sea level changes,and glacial events.The effects of the Cenozoic glacial events in the Antarctica Peninsula on the sedimentary process mark the distinctive features of a high-latitude marginal sea example.
引文
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Beckmann A,Hellmer H H,Timmermann R.1999.A numerical model of the Weddell Sea:Large-scale circulation and water mass distribution[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),104(C10):23375-23391.
Cande S C,Leslie R B,Parra J C,et al.1987.Interaction between the Chili Ridge and Chile Trench:Geophysical and geothermal evidence[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,92(B1):495-520.
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Coren F,Ceccone G,Lodolo E,et al.1997.Morphology,seismic structure and tectonic development of the Powell Basin,Antarctica[J].J.Geol.Soc.London,154(5):849-862.
Diester-Haas L,Zahn R.1996.Eocene-Oligocene transition in the Southern Ocean:history of water mass circulation and biological productivity[J].Geology,24(2):163-166.
Ding W W,Li J B.2011.Seismic stratigraphy,tectonic structure and extension factors across the southern margin of the South China Sea:evidence from two regional multi-channel seismic profiles[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(12):3038-3056,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.006.
Dingle R V,Lavelle M.1998.Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic climatic variations of the northern Antarctic Peninsula:new geochemical evidence and review[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,141(3-4):215-232.
Eagles G,Livermore R A.2002.Opening history of Powell Basin,Antarctic Peninsula[J].Marine Geology,185(3-4):195-205.
Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.1987.Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic[J].Science,235(4793):1156-1167.
Howe J A,Livermore R A,Maldonado A.1998.Mudwave activity and current-controlled sedimentation in Powell Basin,northern Weddell Sea,Antarctica[J].Marine Geology,149(1-4):229-241.
Ivany L C,Simaeys S,Domack E W,et al.2006.Evidence for an earliest Oligocene ice sheet on the Antarctic Peninsula[J].Geology,34(5):377-380.
Jiang W P,E D C,ZHAN B Y,et al.2009.New model of Antarctic plate motion and its analysis[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(1):41-49.
King E C,Leitchenkov G.Galindo-Zaldivar J,et al.1997.Crustal structure and sedimentation in Powell Basin[M].//Barker P F,Cooper A K,eds.Geology and seismic stratigraphy of the Antarctic margin,2.Washington D C:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,75-94.
King E C,Barker P F.1988.The margins of the South Orkney microcontinent[J].J.Geol.Soc.,145(2):317-331.
Langenheim V E,Jachens R C.2003.Crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith from magnetic data:Implications for Gulf of California rifting[J].Geophysical Research Letters,30 (11),doi:10.1029/2003GL017159.
Larter R D,Barker P F.1991.Effects of ridge crest-trench interaction on Antarctic-Phoenix spreading:forces on a young subducting plate[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,96(B12):19583-19607.
Lawver L A,Williams T,Sloan B.1994.Seismic stratigraphy and heat flow of Powell basin[J].Terra Antarctica,1:309-310.
Lawver L A,Gahagan L M.2003.Evolution of Cenozoic seaways in the circum-Antarctic region[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,198(1-2):11-37.
Levi S,Riddihough R.1986.Why are marine magnetic anomalies suppressed over sedimented spreading centers?[J].Geology,14(8):651-654.
Péron-Pinvidic G,Manatschal G,Minshull T A,et al.2011.Tectonosedimentary evolution of the deep Iberia-Newfoundland margins:Evidence for a complex breakup history[J].Tectonics,26(2),doi:10.1029/2006TC001970.
Rodriguez-Fernandez J,Balanya J C,Galindo-Zaldivar,et al.1997.Tectonic evolution of a restricted ocean basin:the Powell Basin(Northeastern Antarctic Peninsula)[J].Geodin.Acta,10(4):159-174.
Vérard C,Flores K,Stampfli G.2012.Geodynamic reconstructions of the South America-Antarctica plate system[J].Journal of Geodynamics,53:43-60.
Viseras C,Maldonado A.1999.Facies architecture,seismic stratigraphy and development of a high-latitude basin:the Powell Basin(Antarctica)[J].Marine Geology,157(1-2):69-87.
Yang Y,Deng X G,Ren J B.2013.Characteristic of gravity and magnetic and regional tectonics of Antarctica and its adjacent sea[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):1013-1025,doi:10.6038/pg20130255.
陈廷愚,沈炎彬,赵越,等.2008.南极洲地质发展与冈瓦纳古陆演化[M].北京:商务印书馆,245-250.
丁巍伟,李家彪.2011.南海南部陆缘构造变形特征及伸展作用:来自两条973多道地震测线的证据[J].地球物理学报,54(12):3038-3056,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.006.
姜卫平,鄂栋臣,詹必伟,等.2009.南极板块运动新模型的确定与分析[J].地球物理学报,52(1):41-49.
杨永,邓希光,任江波.2013.南极大陆及其周缘海域重、磁异常特征及区域构造分析[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):1013-1025,doi:10.6038/pg20130255.
Barker P F.1982.The Cenozoic subduction history of the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula:ridge crest-trench interactions[J].Journal of the Geological Society,139(6):787-801.
Barker P F,Kennett J P,Shipboard Scientific Party.1988.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Initial Reports[M].Vol.113:College Station,TX(Ocean Drilling Program).
Barker P F,Barret P J,Cooper A K,et al.1999.Antarctic glacial history from numerical models and continental margin sediments[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,150(3-4):247-267.
Beckmann A,Hellmer H H,Timmermann R.1999.A numerical model of the Weddell Sea:Large-scale circulation and water mass distribution[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),104(C10):23375-23391.
Cande S C,Leslie R B,Parra J C,et al.1987.Interaction between the Chili Ridge and Chile Trench:Geophysical and geothermal evidence[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,92(B1):495-520.
Chen T Y,Shen Y B,Zhao Y,et al.2008.Geological development of Antarctica and evolution of Gondwanaland(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Commercial Press,245-250.
Coren F,Ceccone G,Lodolo E,et al.1997.Morphology,seismic structure and tectonic development of the Powell Basin,Antarctica[J].J.Geol.Soc.London,154(5):849-862.
Diester-Haas L,Zahn R.1996.Eocene-Oligocene transition in the Southern Ocean:history of water mass circulation and biological productivity[J].Geology,24(2):163-166.
Ding W W,Li J B.2011.Seismic stratigraphy,tectonic structure and extension factors across the southern margin of the South China Sea:evidence from two regional multi-channel seismic profiles[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(12):3038-3056,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.006.
Dingle R V,Lavelle M.1998.Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic climatic variations of the northern Antarctic Peninsula:new geochemical evidence and review[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,141(3-4):215-232.
Eagles G,Livermore R A.2002.Opening history of Powell Basin,Antarctic Peninsula[J].Marine Geology,185(3-4):195-205.
Haq B U,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.1987.Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic[J].Science,235(4793):1156-1167.
Howe J A,Livermore R A,Maldonado A.1998.Mudwave activity and current-controlled sedimentation in Powell Basin,northern Weddell Sea,Antarctica[J].Marine Geology,149(1-4):229-241.
Ivany L C,Simaeys S,Domack E W,et al.2006.Evidence for an earliest Oligocene ice sheet on the Antarctic Peninsula[J].Geology,34(5):377-380.
Jiang W P,E D C,ZHAN B Y,et al.2009.New model of Antarctic plate motion and its analysis[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(1):41-49.
King E C,Leitchenkov G.Galindo-Zaldivar J,et al.1997.Crustal structure and sedimentation in Powell Basin[M].//Barker P F,Cooper A K,eds.Geology and seismic stratigraphy of the Antarctic margin,2.Washington D C:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,75-94.
King E C,Barker P F.1988.The margins of the South Orkney microcontinent[J].J.Geol.Soc.,145(2):317-331.
Langenheim V E,Jachens R C.2003.Crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith from magnetic data:Implications for Gulf of California rifting[J].Geophysical Research Letters,30 (11),doi:10.1029/2003GL017159.
Larter R D,Barker P F.1991.Effects of ridge crest-trench interaction on Antarctic-Phoenix spreading:forces on a young subducting plate[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,96(B12):19583-19607.
Lawver L A,Williams T,Sloan B.1994.Seismic stratigraphy and heat flow of Powell basin[J].Terra Antarctica,1:309-310.
Lawver L A,Gahagan L M.2003.Evolution of Cenozoic seaways in the circum-Antarctic region[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,198(1-2):11-37.
Levi S,Riddihough R.1986.Why are marine magnetic anomalies suppressed over sedimented spreading centers?[J].Geology,14(8):651-654.
Péron-Pinvidic G,Manatschal G,Minshull T A,et al.2011.Tectonosedimentary evolution of the deep Iberia-Newfoundland margins:Evidence for a complex breakup history[J].Tectonics,26(2),doi:10.1029/2006TC001970.
Rodriguez-Fernandez J,Balanya J C,Galindo-Zaldivar,et al.1997.Tectonic evolution of a restricted ocean basin:the Powell Basin(Northeastern Antarctic Peninsula)[J].Geodin.Acta,10(4):159-174.
Vérard C,Flores K,Stampfli G.2012.Geodynamic reconstructions of the South America-Antarctica plate system[J].Journal of Geodynamics,53:43-60.
Viseras C,Maldonado A.1999.Facies architecture,seismic stratigraphy and development of a high-latitude basin:the Powell Basin(Antarctica)[J].Marine Geology,157(1-2):69-87.
Yang Y,Deng X G,Ren J B.2013.Characteristic of gravity and magnetic and regional tectonics of Antarctica and its adjacent sea[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):1013-1025,doi:10.6038/pg20130255.
陈廷愚,沈炎彬,赵越,等.2008.南极洲地质发展与冈瓦纳古陆演化[M].北京:商务印书馆,245-250.
丁巍伟,李家彪.2011.南海南部陆缘构造变形特征及伸展作用:来自两条973多道地震测线的证据[J].地球物理学报,54(12):3038-3056,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.006.
姜卫平,鄂栋臣,詹必伟,等.2009.南极板块运动新模型的确定与分析[J].地球物理学报,52(1):41-49.
杨永,邓希光,任江波.2013.南极大陆及其周缘海域重、磁异常特征及区域构造分析[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):1013-1025,doi:10.6038/pg20130255.
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