珠江口盆地潮汕坳陷中生代构造变形分析
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摘要
潮汕坳陷位于南海东北部陆缘,具有较厚的中生代沉积层,地层发育全,是研究南海北部中生代构造演化的最佳场所。根据研究区丰富的地震勘探资料以及最新地层解释,利用平衡剖面方法和2DMove软件对过潮汕坳陷的地震剖面进行构造分析,定量计算了潮汕坳陷及其围区中生代—新生代的地层伸缩量和相对伸缩速率。主要结论有:1)潮汕坳陷经历中生代挤压到新生代拉伸的构造环境转变,其中中生代变形以地层挠曲为主。2)潮汕坳陷中生代的地层压缩量为11%左右,为弱挤压环境。新生代地层拉伸量仅为1.8%,而周围凹陷(如潮汕坳陷南侧的靖海凹陷)地层拉伸量可达14.3%以上。说明新生代潮汕坳陷相对于周围凹陷处于极弱拉伸环境。3)坳陷晚侏罗世—早白垩世(J3—K1)挤压速率达到最大值,推测与库拉-太平洋板块快速向北西俯冲至欧亚大陆之下有关。
The Chaoshan Depression located at the continental margin slope of the northern South China Sea has a thick and fully developed series of the Mesozoic strata. It is therefore the best place to study the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the northern South China Sea. Based on plenty seismic exploration data of the study area and the most recent interpretation by specialists at the China National Offshore Oil Corp(CNOOC), we used 2DMove software to recover the seismic profile across the Chaoshan Depression, and calculated the amount of compression-extension and corresponding rate. The main conclusions are as follows. The Chaoshan Depression has gone through compression and extension from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic, and the deformation is shown by the flexure of the stratum. The rate of compression of Chaoshan depression strata is around 11% in the Mesozoic, which indicates a weak compressive environment. On the other hand, the stretching of the depression is only 1.8% in the Cenozoic, while the stretching of the surrounding sags(such as Jinghai Sag in the south) could reach 14.3%, which means in the Cenozoic only the Chaoshan Depression was in a very weak extension environment. The compression rate of the depression reached maximum from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous(J3-K1), which may be related to the rapid northwestward subduction of the Kula-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.
The Chaoshan Depression located at the continental margin slope of the northern South China Sea has a thick and fully developed series of the Mesozoic strata. It is therefore the best place to study the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the northern South China Sea. Based on plenty seismic exploration data of the study area and the most recent interpretation by specialists at the China National Offshore Oil Corp(CNOOC), we used 2DMove software to recover the seismic profile across the Chaoshan Depression, and calculated the amount of compression-extension and corresponding rate. The main conclusions are as follows. The Chaoshan Depression has gone through compression and extension from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic, and the deformation is shown by the flexure of the stratum. The rate of compression of Chaoshan depression strata is around 11% in the Mesozoic, which indicates a weak compressive environment. On the other hand, the stretching of the depression is only 1.8% in the Cenozoic, while the stretching of the surrounding sags(such as Jinghai Sag in the south) could reach 14.3%, which means in the Cenozoic only the Chaoshan Depression was in a very weak extension environment. The compression rate of the depression reached maximum from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous(J3-K1), which may be related to the rapid northwestward subduction of the Kula-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.
引文
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周蒂,王万银,庞雄,等.2006.地球物理资料揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带[J].中国科学:D辑,36(3):209–218.
CHAMBERLIN R T.1910.The Appalachian folds of centralPennsylvania[J].J Geol,18:228–251.
DAHLSTROM C D.1969.A balanced cross section[J].Can JGeosci,6:743–759.
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ZHOU X M,LI W X.2000.Origin of Late Mesozoic igneous rocksin Southeastern China:implications for lithosphere subductionand underplating of mafic magmas[J].Tectonophsics,326(3/4):269–287.
ZHOU X M,SUN T,SHEN W Z,et al.2006.Petrogenesis ofMesozoic granitoids and volcanic rocks in South China:Aresponse to tectonic evolution[J].Episodes,29(1):36–33.
陈洁.2007.潮汕坳陷地球物理特征及油气勘探潜力[J].地球物理学进展,22(1):147–155.
段九春,米慧芬.2012.潮汕坳陷中生界地震相与沉积相研究[J].资源与产业,14(1):100–105.
方石,孙求实,谢荣祥,等.2012.平衡剖面技术原理及其研究进展[J].科技导报,30(8):73–79.
郝沪军,林鹤鸣,杨梦雄,等.2001.潮汕坳陷中生界-油气勘探新领域[J].中国海上油气(地质),15(3):157–163.
郝沪军,张向涛.2003.重磁资料在潮汕坳陷中生界油气勘探中的应用[J].中国海上油气(地质),17(2):128–132.
郝沪军,施和生,张向涛,等.2009.潮汕坳陷中生界及其石油地质条件——基于LF35-1-1探索井钻探结果的讨论[J].中国海上油气(地质),21(3):151–156.
胡卫剑,江为为,郝天珧,等.2011.南海前新生代残留盆地分布综合地球物理研究[J].地球物理学报,54(2):3315–3324.
林珍,张莉,易海,等.2010.利用重磁资料研究南海东北部海域中生界分布[J].物探与化探,34(4):422–427.
孟令顺,杜晓娟,刘万崧,等.2006.中国南海北部潮汕坳陷NHC-1测线及邻区重磁场特征与地壳结构[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,36(5):851–868.
牟中海,陆廷清,谢桂生,等.2001.塔西南地区二叠系剥蚀厚度恢复[J].天然气工业,21(2):41–43.
阮爱国,牛雄伟,吴振利,等.2009.潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的折射波2D速度结构和密度[J].高校地质学报,15(4):522-528.
邵磊,尤洪庆,郝沪军,等.2007.南海东北部中生界岩石学特征及沉积环境[J].地质评论,27(1):79–85.
苏乃容,曾麟,李鲁平.1995.珠江口盆地东部中生代凹陷地质特征[J].中国海上油气(地质),9(4):228–236.
吴国暄,王汝建,郝沪军,等.2007.南海北部海相中生界发育的微体化石证据[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,27(1):79–85.
杨少坤,林鹤鸣,郝沪军.2002.珠江口盆地东部中生界海相油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,23(5):28–34.
张进铎.2007.平衡剖面技术在国内外油气勘探中的最新应用[J].地球物理学进展,22(6):1856–1861.
张荣强,吴时国,周雁,等.2008.平衡剖面技术及其在济阳坳陷桩海地区的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,28(6):135–142.
周蒂,王万银,庞雄,等.2006.地球物理资料揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带[J].中国科学:D辑,36(3):209–218.
CHAMBERLIN R T.1910.The Appalachian folds of centralPennsylvania[J].J Geol,18:228–251.
DAHLSTROM C D.1969.A balanced cross section[J].Can JGeosci,6:743–759.
GOGUEL J.1962.Tectonics[M].San Francisco:Freeman:384.
ZHOU X M,LI W X.2000.Origin of Late Mesozoic igneous rocksin Southeastern China:implications for lithosphere subductionand underplating of mafic magmas[J].Tectonophsics,326(3/4):269–287.
ZHOU X M,SUN T,SHEN W Z,et al.2006.Petrogenesis ofMesozoic granitoids and volcanic rocks in South China:Aresponse to tectonic evolution[J].Episodes,29(1):36–33.
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