土遗址文物震害防御及抗震加固对策
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摘要
概述了土遗址文物的主要病害如风蚀病害、表面风化、雨蚀病害、裂缝或坍塌、基础掏蚀、生物破坏以及人类社会经济活动所产生的不良影响等的特征及成因机制;阐明了建立土遗址文物防灾减灾综合体系的重要性,提出了灾前防御、震时应急和灾后恢复的对策;针对土遗址的特殊性提出了抗震防护加固的原则,分析了其特点,针对不同病害特征的土遗址分别提出了抗震加固方案。为土遗址文物的科学保护和综合防御地震灾害提供了理论基础和工程实践指导。
Soil relics are historical structures built with soil,which have significant historic,artistic,and scientific value.The soil properties and technological innovations are associated and determine which soil relics are vulnerable to nature and human activities.Soil relics are in dire need of protection and seismic safety is of great importance.This paper surveys and evaluates typical soil relics along the silk road in China according to the damage caused by wind erosion,surface weathering,rain erosion,cracking or collapse,foundation settlement,biological erosion,and human activities.The importance of a comprehensive seismic hazard reduction approach for soil relics is emphasized and strategies for hazard prevention,emergency management,and rehabilitation methods for the preservation of soil relics are proposed.Based on the characteristics of the soil relics,the principles for seismic retrofitting,the key retrofitting requirements,and retrofitting design are established.The research results will serve as guidelines for the reduction of seismic risk for soil relics.
Soil relics are historical structures built with soil,which have significant historic,artistic,and scientific value.The soil properties and technological innovations are associated and determine which soil relics are vulnerable to nature and human activities.Soil relics are in dire need of protection and seismic safety is of great importance.This paper surveys and evaluates typical soil relics along the silk road in China according to the damage caused by wind erosion,surface weathering,rain erosion,cracking or collapse,foundation settlement,biological erosion,and human activities.The importance of a comprehensive seismic hazard reduction approach for soil relics is emphasized and strategies for hazard prevention,emergency management,and rehabilitation methods for the preservation of soil relics are proposed.Based on the characteristics of the soil relics,the principles for seismic retrofitting,the key retrofitting requirements,and retrofitting design are established.The research results will serve as guidelines for the reduction of seismic risk for soil relics.
引文
[1]李最雄.丝绸之路古遗址保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.LI Zui-xiong.Conservation of ancient sites on the silk road[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[2]黄克忠.岩土文物建筑的保护[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:111.HUANG Ke-zhong.The conservation of rock and earth struc-ture sites[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press.1998:111.
[3]李最雄,赵林毅,孙满利.中国丝绸之路土遗址的病害及PS加固[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):1047-1054.LI Zui-xiong,ZHAO Lin-yi,SUN Man-li.Deterioration ofearthen sites and consolidation with PS material along silk roadof China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2009,28(5):1047-1054.
[4]王旭东.中国干旱环境中土遗址保护关键技术研究新进展[J].敦煌研究,2008,(6):6-12.WANG Xu-dong.New progress in the research of key technol-ogies of the earthen architecture site in the arid region of China[J].Dunhuang Research,2008,(6):6-12.
[5]孙满利.土遗址保护研究现状与进展[J].文物保护与考古科学,2007,19(4):64-70.SUN Man-li.Research status and development of the conserva-tion of earthen sites[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archae-ology,2007,19(4):64-70.
[6]石玉成,李舒,刘琨.地震作用下骆驼城土遗址的安全性评价[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(3):255-260.SHI Yu-cheng,LI Shu,LIU Kun.Safety Evaluation of theCamel Town Soil Relics under Earthquake Action[J],North-western Seismological Journal,2011,33(3):255-260.
[7]石玉成,秋仁东,孙军杰,等.地震作用下预应力锚索加固危岩体的动力响应分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(4):1157-1162.SHI Yu-cheng,QIU Ren-dong,SUN Jun-jie,et al.Analysisof dynamic response of dangerous rock mass reinforced by pre-stressed anchor cables under seismic loads[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2011,32(4):1157-1162.
[8]柴新军,钱七虎,杨泽平,等.点滴化学注浆技术加固土遗址工程实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(Supp.1):2980-2985.CHAI Xin-jun,QIAN Qi-hu,YANG Ze-ping,et al.Casestudy of drip injection of chemical grouts in eaithen ruins rein-forcement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2009,28(Supp.1):2980-2985.
[9]赵明霞.浅谈土遗址加固保护的措施[J].山西建筑,2008,34(8):144-145.ZHAO Ming-xia.On reinforcement and conservation measuresof earthen archaeological site[J].Shangxi Architecture,2008,34(8):144-145.
[10]Yu-cheng SHI,Ai-guo WANG,Reng-dong QIU.Evaluationof reinforcement effects for erath cliff of Jiaohe ancient city[A]∥Advances in Industrial and Civil Engineering(Part 2)[G].Switzerland:Trans Tech Publications,2012:1054-1060.
[2]黄克忠.岩土文物建筑的保护[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:111.HUANG Ke-zhong.The conservation of rock and earth struc-ture sites[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press.1998:111.
[3]李最雄,赵林毅,孙满利.中国丝绸之路土遗址的病害及PS加固[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):1047-1054.LI Zui-xiong,ZHAO Lin-yi,SUN Man-li.Deterioration ofearthen sites and consolidation with PS material along silk roadof China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2009,28(5):1047-1054.
[4]王旭东.中国干旱环境中土遗址保护关键技术研究新进展[J].敦煌研究,2008,(6):6-12.WANG Xu-dong.New progress in the research of key technol-ogies of the earthen architecture site in the arid region of China[J].Dunhuang Research,2008,(6):6-12.
[5]孙满利.土遗址保护研究现状与进展[J].文物保护与考古科学,2007,19(4):64-70.SUN Man-li.Research status and development of the conserva-tion of earthen sites[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archae-ology,2007,19(4):64-70.
[6]石玉成,李舒,刘琨.地震作用下骆驼城土遗址的安全性评价[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(3):255-260.SHI Yu-cheng,LI Shu,LIU Kun.Safety Evaluation of theCamel Town Soil Relics under Earthquake Action[J],North-western Seismological Journal,2011,33(3):255-260.
[7]石玉成,秋仁东,孙军杰,等.地震作用下预应力锚索加固危岩体的动力响应分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(4):1157-1162.SHI Yu-cheng,QIU Ren-dong,SUN Jun-jie,et al.Analysisof dynamic response of dangerous rock mass reinforced by pre-stressed anchor cables under seismic loads[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2011,32(4):1157-1162.
[8]柴新军,钱七虎,杨泽平,等.点滴化学注浆技术加固土遗址工程实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(Supp.1):2980-2985.CHAI Xin-jun,QIAN Qi-hu,YANG Ze-ping,et al.Casestudy of drip injection of chemical grouts in eaithen ruins rein-forcement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2009,28(Supp.1):2980-2985.
[9]赵明霞.浅谈土遗址加固保护的措施[J].山西建筑,2008,34(8):144-145.ZHAO Ming-xia.On reinforcement and conservation measuresof earthen archaeological site[J].Shangxi Architecture,2008,34(8):144-145.
[10]Yu-cheng SHI,Ai-guo WANG,Reng-dong QIU.Evaluationof reinforcement effects for erath cliff of Jiaohe ancient city[A]∥Advances in Industrial and Civil Engineering(Part 2)[G].Switzerland:Trans Tech Publications,2012:1054-1060.
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