汶川地震滑坡发育特征及其影响因素
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摘要
汶川地震是近年来我国发生的最严重的自然灾害,地震触发了大量的滑坡,造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。根据汶川地震滑坡的调查和勘测,探讨了滑坡的发育特征及其影响因素,旨在为汶川地震滑坡的减灾防灾提供理论依据。分析了地震滑坡的优势坡度范围和最优坡度;地震滑坡面积-频率分布符合对数分布规律而不同于降雨等诱发滑坡的幂律分布。坡向与断层破裂方向的夹角控制着汶川地震滑坡频率、坡度和面积的分布,当坡向与断层破裂方向一致时,受地震抛掷作用滑坡发育的频率和面积的比例大、滑坡平均坡度小;当坡向与断层破裂方向相反和坡向与断层的倾向一致时,受地震撞击崩裂作用,滑坡发育的频率和面积的比例较小、滑坡平均坡度较大。
Wenchuan earthquake is the most serious natural disaster in China in the recent years.The earthquake induced a large number of landslides which brought about serious casualty and property loss.Based on the investigation and surveying of seismic landslides in Beichuan,Sichuan Province,the characteristics and influence factors of landslide development were studied.The purpose of this study is to provide a valuable theoretical basis for the reduction and prevention of the seismic landslide disaster.In this paper,the advantageous gradient extensions and the most favorable gradients of seismic landslides were studied.The results show that,the area-frequency distribution of the seismic landslides follows logarithmic distribution,which differs from the rainfall landslide which follows power distribution.The angle between the fault rupture direction and the landslide direction controls the distribution of frequency,gradient and area of the seismic landslides.When the landslide direction agrees with fault rupture direction,the proportion of landslide frequency and area are larger and the average gradient is smaller because of throwing out action under earthquake.When landslide direction is opposite to the fault rupture direction and the same with the fault incline direction,the proportion of landslide frequency and area are smaller and the average gradient is larger due to collision and crash in the earthquake.
Wenchuan earthquake is the most serious natural disaster in China in the recent years.The earthquake induced a large number of landslides which brought about serious casualty and property loss.Based on the investigation and surveying of seismic landslides in Beichuan,Sichuan Province,the characteristics and influence factors of landslide development were studied.The purpose of this study is to provide a valuable theoretical basis for the reduction and prevention of the seismic landslide disaster.In this paper,the advantageous gradient extensions and the most favorable gradients of seismic landslides were studied.The results show that,the area-frequency distribution of the seismic landslides follows logarithmic distribution,which differs from the rainfall landslide which follows power distribution.The angle between the fault rupture direction and the landslide direction controls the distribution of frequency,gradient and area of the seismic landslides.When the landslide direction agrees with fault rupture direction,the proportion of landslide frequency and area are larger and the average gradient is smaller because of throwing out action under earthquake.When landslide direction is opposite to the fault rupture direction and the same with the fault incline direction,the proportion of landslide frequency and area are smaller and the average gradient is larger due to collision and crash in the earthquake.
引文
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[13]Aleotti P.Landslide hazard assessment:summary review and new perspectives[J].Bull.Eng.Env.,1999,58:21-44.
[14]Fausto Guzzetti.Lsndslide fatalities and evaluation of landslide risk in Italy[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58:89-107.
[15]Liua J G,Masona P J,Clerici N,et al.Landslide hazard assessment in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze river using ASTER imagery:Zigui–Badong[J].Geomorphology,2004(61):171-187.
[16]邓清禄,王学平,刘吉平,等.长江三峡工程库首区滑坡与线性构造的关系[J].长春科技大学学报,2000,30(4):384-387.DENG Qinglu,WANG Xueping,LIU Jiping,et al.Relations between landslide and lineament in the lower part of the three gorges,yangtze river[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology,2000,30(4):384-387.(in Chinese)
[17]冯希杰.活动断裂与滑坡、崩塌关系探讨[J].西安质学院学报,1990,12(1):92-99.FENG Xijie.A study of the relation among the active faults,slides and collapses[J].Journal of Chang'an University Earth Science Edition,1990,12(1):92-99.(in Chinese)
[18]Fleming R W,Johnson A M.Structures associated wstrike-slip faults that bound landslide elements[J].Egineering Geology,1989,27:39-114.
[2]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.YING Yueping.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444.(in Chinese)
[3]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(32):80-82.CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,HE Siming,et al.Mountain disasters induced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan and the disasters mitigation[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(32):80-82.(in Chinese)
[4]Guzzetti F.Landslide fatalities and the evaluation of landslide risk in Italy[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(2):89-107.
[5]Alexander D.Housing crisis after natural disaster:the aftermath of the november 1980 Southern Italian earthquake[J].Geoforum,1984,15(4):489-516.
[6]乔建平.滑坡减灾理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:34-35.QIAO Jianping.The Theory and Practice of Landslide Alleviating Disaster[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997:34-35.(in Chinese)
[7]刘岁海,刘爱平.四川省康定县滑坡灾害发育特征与形成条件[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(3):27-31.LIU Suihai,LIU Aiping.Characteristics of landslide distribution and formation conditions in Kangding County,Sichuan Province[J].The ChineseJournal of Geological Hazard and Control,2006,17(3):27-31.(in Chinese)
[8]杨涛,邓荣贵,刘小丽.四川地区地震崩塌滑坡的基本特征及危险性分区[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):456-460.YANG Tao,DENG Ronggui,LIU Xiaoli.The distributing and subarea character of the seismic landslides in Sichuan[J].Journal of Mountain Sci-ence,2002,20(4):456-460.(in Chinese)
[9]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25-30.SUN Chongshao,CAI Hongwei.Developing and distributing characteristics of collapses and landslides during strong historic earthquake in China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1997,6(1):25-30.(in Chinese)
[10]陈永明,石玉成.中国西北黄土地区地震滑坡基本特征[J].地震研究,2006,29(3):276-280.CHEN Yongming,SHI Yucheng.Basic characteristics of seismic landslides in loess area of Northwest China[J].Journal of Seismological Re-search,2006,29(3):276-280.(in Chinese)
[11]许强,黄润秋.地质灾害发生频率的幂律规则[J].成都理工学院学报,1997,24(增刊):91-96.XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Power law between volume and frequency of geological hazards[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,1997,24(S):91-96.(in Chinese)
[12]吴彩燕,乔建平.三峡库区云阳-巫山段坡向因素对滑坡发育的贡献率研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2005,37(4):25-29.WU Caiyan,QIAO Jianping.The contributing rate research of slope aspect to landslide growth from Yunyang to Wushan in Three Gorges ReservoirRegion[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2005,37(4):25-29.(in Chinese)
[13]Aleotti P.Landslide hazard assessment:summary review and new perspectives[J].Bull.Eng.Env.,1999,58:21-44.
[14]Fausto Guzzetti.Lsndslide fatalities and evaluation of landslide risk in Italy[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58:89-107.
[15]Liua J G,Masona P J,Clerici N,et al.Landslide hazard assessment in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze river using ASTER imagery:Zigui–Badong[J].Geomorphology,2004(61):171-187.
[16]邓清禄,王学平,刘吉平,等.长江三峡工程库首区滑坡与线性构造的关系[J].长春科技大学学报,2000,30(4):384-387.DENG Qinglu,WANG Xueping,LIU Jiping,et al.Relations between landslide and lineament in the lower part of the three gorges,yangtze river[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology,2000,30(4):384-387.(in Chinese)
[17]冯希杰.活动断裂与滑坡、崩塌关系探讨[J].西安质学院学报,1990,12(1):92-99.FENG Xijie.A study of the relation among the active faults,slides and collapses[J].Journal of Chang'an University Earth Science Edition,1990,12(1):92-99.(in Chinese)
[18]Fleming R W,Johnson A M.Structures associated wstrike-slip faults that bound landslide elements[J].Egineering Geology,1989,27:39-114.
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