我国海洋地学编图现状、计划与主要进展
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摘要
我国海洋地质地球物理工作起步晚,整体调查程度较低,进一步加强我国海洋地学编图显得十分必要.我国实施的"海洋地质保障工程",将分"中国海陆"、"中国海及邻域"和"中国各海区"三个层次来进行地学编图.第一层次编制了空间重力异常图、布格重力异常图、磁力异常图、地震层析成像图、莫霍面深度图、地质图、大地构造格架图和大地构造格架演化图等8种图件.编图反映出中国海陆重力异常是"线性异常带纵横交错,块状异常区坐落其间"、重力梯级带主要为块体结合带;陆地磁力异常大致正负磁异常相间分布,海域北部为沟-弧-盆相关异常、南部磁条带异常;莫霍面总体特征为"东西分带,南北分块";地震层析成像反映出中国东部和西部岩石层厚度的差异以及上地幔软流层的分布特点;大地构造格架和演化图再现了块体体制向板块体制的转换过程.本次编图强调地球深部结构的变化对表层构造的关联,重视地球物理资料与地质构造的结合,以深-浅层结合来划分中国大地构造格架.已有成果表明,中国海陆大地构造格局可以用"块体构造学说"来描述.
China′s marine geological and geophysical research started late with a lower degree of integral research.Therefore it is necessary to strengthen the China′s marine geological map compilation.According to‘Marine Geology Projects',the geological mapping program is divided into three stages viz.‘China sea and land',‘China seas and adjacent regions' and‘China Seas'.In the first stage,eight types of maps have been prepared,which are the maps of free-air gravity anomalies,Bouguer gravity anomalies,magnetic anomalies,seismic tomography,Moho depth,geology,tectonic framework and tectonic framework evolution.This paper presents the research results of this stage:the characteristics of gravity anomalies in China seas and land as below.Linear anomaly belts crisscross,and block anomaly areas are surrounded by linear anomaly belts,and the gravity anomaly gradient belts mainly are block junction zones;the magnetic anomalies change with alternating positive and negative values in China land.The trench-arc-basin hosts anomalies in northern of the China sea,while it shows striped magnetic anomalies in the southern portion.The general features of the Moho are east-west zoning and south-north blocking.The seismic tomography reflects the differences of lithosphere thickness between east and west in China and the distribution of the upper mantle asthenosphere.The tectonic frame map and evolution map reconstruct the transformation process of a block system to a plate regime.This research emphasizes the connection between deep structure and surface structure,and divides China tectonic framework in terms of deep-surface combination based on geophysical data and tectonics.The existing research achievements suggest that the tectonic framework of China seas and land can be reasonably described by block tectonics.
China′s marine geological and geophysical research started late with a lower degree of integral research.Therefore it is necessary to strengthen the China′s marine geological map compilation.According to‘Marine Geology Projects',the geological mapping program is divided into three stages viz.‘China sea and land',‘China seas and adjacent regions' and‘China Seas'.In the first stage,eight types of maps have been prepared,which are the maps of free-air gravity anomalies,Bouguer gravity anomalies,magnetic anomalies,seismic tomography,Moho depth,geology,tectonic framework and tectonic framework evolution.This paper presents the research results of this stage:the characteristics of gravity anomalies in China seas and land as below.Linear anomaly belts crisscross,and block anomaly areas are surrounded by linear anomaly belts,and the gravity anomaly gradient belts mainly are block junction zones;the magnetic anomalies change with alternating positive and negative values in China land.The trench-arc-basin hosts anomalies in northern of the China sea,while it shows striped magnetic anomalies in the southern portion.The general features of the Moho are east-west zoning and south-north blocking.The seismic tomography reflects the differences of lithosphere thickness between east and west in China and the distribution of the upper mantle asthenosphere.The tectonic frame map and evolution map reconstruct the transformation process of a block system to a plate regime.This research emphasizes the connection between deep structure and surface structure,and divides China tectonic framework in terms of deep-surface combination based on geophysical data and tectonics.The existing research achievements suggest that the tectonic framework of China seas and land can be reasonably described by block tectonics.
引文
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