立体延迟气枪震源分析
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摘要
立体延迟气枪震源可拓展平面震源的低频端能量、补偿高频端的陷波点,有利于深海油气地震勘探的中深部目的层成像。基于四子阵列气枪震源,本文对比了不同排列方式、不同激发延迟值时立体阵列的输出特征;利用优选出的凸形立体延迟阵列在深水区开展地震资料采集,获得比平面阵列更高信噪比及分辨率的地震数据;着重讨论了子阵列深度差、激发时间差、阵列对称性及关枪标准等主要影响因素,给出了中肯的建议。
As a marine seismic source,delayed up-down sub-arrays can expand both low frequency and high frequency compared with conventional flat array,which would be very helpful for deep target imaging in marine hydrocarbon seismic exploration.On the basis of four sub-arrays source,we analyze in the paper airgun output characteristic values with different array modes and different delay times.Using preferable convex arrays in deepwater acquisition,we obtain seismic data with higher signal to noise ratio and higher resolution.Meanwhile we discuss a few issues such as subarrays depth,delay time,array symmetry,and off gun standard,and put forward some suggestions.
As a marine seismic source,delayed up-down sub-arrays can expand both low frequency and high frequency compared with conventional flat array,which would be very helpful for deep target imaging in marine hydrocarbon seismic exploration.On the basis of four sub-arrays source,we analyze in the paper airgun output characteristic values with different array modes and different delay times.Using preferable convex arrays in deepwater acquisition,we obtain seismic data with higher signal to noise ratio and higher resolution.Meanwhile we discuss a few issues such as subarrays depth,delay time,array symmetry,and off gun standard,and put forward some suggestions.
引文
[1]林松.深水环境地震波激发技术研究[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2010.Lin Song.Researches on Stimulating Techniques of the Seismic Waves in the Deep Sea[D].Beijing,China University of Geosciences,2010.
[2]杨凯,陈华,顾汉明.深水立体延迟激发气枪震源的设计与应用.工程地球物理学报,2011,8(6):641-647.Yang Kai,Chen Hua,Gu Hanming.The design and application of tridimensional delayed excitation airgun arrays to deep water seismic exploration.Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2011,8(6):641-647.
[3]王建花,李绪宣,顾汉明.海上多子阵立体组合气枪震源优化设计.地质科技情报,2012,31(2):133-138.Wang Jianhua,Li Xuxuan,Gu Hanming.The optimal design of 3D air-gun arrays combination in marine seismic exploration.Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(2):133-138.
[4]李绪宣,温书亮,顾汉明等.海上气枪阵列震源子波数值模拟研究.中国海上油气,2009,21(4):215-220.Li Xuxuan,Wen Shuliang,Gu Hanming et al.A numerical simulation of wavelets from offshore air gun array seismic source.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):215-220.
[5]李绪宣,王建花,张金淼等.海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用.石油学报,2012,33(S1):142-148.Li Xuxuan,Wang Jianhua,Zhang Jinmiao et al.Design and application of air-gun arrays in marine seismic exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):142-148.
[6]李绪宣,王建花,杨凯等.海上深水区气枪震源阵列优化组合研究与应用.中国海上油气,2012,24(3):1-6.Li Xuxuan,Wang Jianhua,Yang Kai et al.A study on optimization of seismic air-gun array source and its application in offshore deep water.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(3):1-6.
[7]王立明,罗文造,陆敬安等.海洋地震勘探中的震源布局分析研究.海洋技术,2009,28(4):89-93.Wang Liming,Luo Wenzao,Lu Jingan et al.Study on energy source array geometry in marine seismic survey.Ocean Technology,2009,28(4):89-93.
[8]韦成龙,郝小柱,易海等.南海北部中生界地震勘探震源设计及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):1-7.Wei Chenglong,Hao Xiaozhu,Yi Hai et al.Design and application of seismic exploration source for the Mesozoic group in the northern South China Sea.OGP,2012,47(S1):1-7.
[9]王立明.范式气体下气枪激发子波信号模拟研究[博士学位论文].陕西西安:长安大学,2010.Wang Liming.Simulation Study on Signature Stimulated by Air-guns in Conditions of Van der Waals Gas[D].Chang'an University,Xi'an,Shanxi,China,2010.
[10]刘仁武,陈浩林,刘军等.极浅水域地震采集气枪震源设计与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):478-481.Liu Renwu,Chen Haolin,Liu Jun et al.Airgun designing and application in seismic acquisition in extremely shallow water area.OGP,2010,45(4):478-481.
[11]全海燕,陈小宏,韦秀波等.气枪阵列延迟激发技术探讨.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):513-516.Quan Haiyan,Chen Xiaohong,Wei Xiubo et al.An analysis of the time-lapse explosion of airgun array in marine seismic.OGP,2011,46(4):513-516.
[2]杨凯,陈华,顾汉明.深水立体延迟激发气枪震源的设计与应用.工程地球物理学报,2011,8(6):641-647.Yang Kai,Chen Hua,Gu Hanming.The design and application of tridimensional delayed excitation airgun arrays to deep water seismic exploration.Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2011,8(6):641-647.
[3]王建花,李绪宣,顾汉明.海上多子阵立体组合气枪震源优化设计.地质科技情报,2012,31(2):133-138.Wang Jianhua,Li Xuxuan,Gu Hanming.The optimal design of 3D air-gun arrays combination in marine seismic exploration.Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(2):133-138.
[4]李绪宣,温书亮,顾汉明等.海上气枪阵列震源子波数值模拟研究.中国海上油气,2009,21(4):215-220.Li Xuxuan,Wen Shuliang,Gu Hanming et al.A numerical simulation of wavelets from offshore air gun array seismic source.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):215-220.
[5]李绪宣,王建花,张金淼等.海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用.石油学报,2012,33(S1):142-148.Li Xuxuan,Wang Jianhua,Zhang Jinmiao et al.Design and application of air-gun arrays in marine seismic exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):142-148.
[6]李绪宣,王建花,杨凯等.海上深水区气枪震源阵列优化组合研究与应用.中国海上油气,2012,24(3):1-6.Li Xuxuan,Wang Jianhua,Yang Kai et al.A study on optimization of seismic air-gun array source and its application in offshore deep water.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(3):1-6.
[7]王立明,罗文造,陆敬安等.海洋地震勘探中的震源布局分析研究.海洋技术,2009,28(4):89-93.Wang Liming,Luo Wenzao,Lu Jingan et al.Study on energy source array geometry in marine seismic survey.Ocean Technology,2009,28(4):89-93.
[8]韦成龙,郝小柱,易海等.南海北部中生界地震勘探震源设计及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):1-7.Wei Chenglong,Hao Xiaozhu,Yi Hai et al.Design and application of seismic exploration source for the Mesozoic group in the northern South China Sea.OGP,2012,47(S1):1-7.
[9]王立明.范式气体下气枪激发子波信号模拟研究[博士学位论文].陕西西安:长安大学,2010.Wang Liming.Simulation Study on Signature Stimulated by Air-guns in Conditions of Van der Waals Gas[D].Chang'an University,Xi'an,Shanxi,China,2010.
[10]刘仁武,陈浩林,刘军等.极浅水域地震采集气枪震源设计与应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):478-481.Liu Renwu,Chen Haolin,Liu Jun et al.Airgun designing and application in seismic acquisition in extremely shallow water area.OGP,2010,45(4):478-481.
[11]全海燕,陈小宏,韦秀波等.气枪阵列延迟激发技术探讨.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):513-516.Quan Haiyan,Chen Xiaohong,Wei Xiubo et al.An analysis of the time-lapse explosion of airgun array in marine seismic.OGP,2011,46(4):513-516.
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