VSP时差分析及时深关系校正
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摘要
时深关系的精确与否直接关系地震资料解释的准确度,在地震资料解释过程中处于上游阶段.在各种时深关系获取中以VSP资料最为准确,但是传统的VSP时深标定都是基于地层倾角为零的基本假设,在地层为平层或地层倾角很小的情况下对于地震资料的解释而言是准确的,但是当地层倾角较大时,与平层相比VSP走时存在很大的误差.若依然按照平层模型进行时深标定则会发生层位串层现象,导致地震资料解释不准确.为此本文围绕时深标定开展了倾斜地层VSP走时分析以及VSP精细时深标定软件系统的研究工作.最后,利用该软件系统对实际资料多种曲线进行时频分析及时深关系校正,取得了良好的效果.
The accurate of time-depth relationship directly relates to interpretation accuracy of seismic data,which is in the upper phase in the process of seismic interpretation.VSP data is the most accurate in a variety of time-depth relationship.But the traditional VSP calibration is based on the basic assumption that stratigraphic dip is zero,and interpretation of seismic data is accurate in the formation of flat or small dip.However,when the dip angle is bigger,there is a big error in VSP travel time compared with the flat layer.It happens phenomenon of cross layer if time-depth relationship is calibrated in accordance with the flat layer model,which causes the result of seismic interpretation is inaccurate.The paper carried out research on travel-time analysis of inclined strata and software system of VSP fine time-depth calibration.Finally,we make time-frequency analysis and time-depth relationship calibration with variety logs using this system.
The accurate of time-depth relationship directly relates to interpretation accuracy of seismic data,which is in the upper phase in the process of seismic interpretation.VSP data is the most accurate in a variety of time-depth relationship.But the traditional VSP calibration is based on the basic assumption that stratigraphic dip is zero,and interpretation of seismic data is accurate in the formation of flat or small dip.However,when the dip angle is bigger,there is a big error in VSP travel time compared with the flat layer.It happens phenomenon of cross layer if time-depth relationship is calibrated in accordance with the flat layer model,which causes the result of seismic interpretation is inaccurate.The paper carried out research on travel-time analysis of inclined strata and software system of VSP fine time-depth calibration.Finally,we make time-frequency analysis and time-depth relationship calibration with variety logs using this system.
引文
Chen Q L,Yang Z L.2006.Exploration techniques in lithologic reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),17(5):622-626.
Chen S C,Wang H C,Chen L.2012.A high efficient super-gather migration method for 3D VSP data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
Du J,Wang S X,Liu G C,et al.2009.VSP wavefield separation using local slopes attribute[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(7):1867-1872.
Fang W B,Chen L.2006.Wave equation of prestack depth migration of 3-D VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),45(5):527-531.
Gao L,Chen W C,Wang B L,et al.2013.Zero-offset VSP wavefield separation using two-step SVD approach[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1667-1675,doi:10 .6038/cjg20130524.
Guo N M,Wu G C.2012.Forward-modeling and feasibility study of non-repeating acquired time-lapse seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
Hao S L,Zhao Q.2008.Physical modeling research for the effect of lateral velocity on structural imaging[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),47(1):49-54.
He R Q.2006.Wave equation interferometric migration of VSP data[D].Utah:The University of Utah.
He R Q,Hornby B,Schuster G T.2007.3D wave-equation interferometric migration of VSP free-surface multiples[J].Geophysics,72(5):S195-S203.
Hornby B,Yu J H.2007.Interferometric imaging of a salt flank using walkaway VSP data[J].The Leading Edge,26(6):760-763.
Huang Z Y,Qu S L,Wang Y J,et al.2008.Kirchhoff prestack time migration of PS-wave data for the layered anisotropic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(12):3109-3115.
Jiang B H,Shen Z H,Zhang P P,et al.2012.VSP time-depth calibration in tilted stratum[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),47(4):598-603.
Li Q Z,Zhang J.2006.Exploration Method of Lithological Oil And Gas Field(in Chinese)[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press.
Li W Z,Wang P J,Zhang G C,et al.2011.Researches on timedepth conversion of deep-seated basal strata of Pearl River Mouth basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54 (2):449-455,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.023.
Liu H H.2004.On accurately acquiring time-depth relationship using VSP data[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),28(4):622-626.
Liu S W,Wang H Z,Chen S C,et al.2012.Joint imaging method of VSP upgoing and downgoing reflection wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(9):3126-3133,doi:10 .6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
Meng E,Mu F M,Zhao Y Q,et al.2005.Dip-moveout-correction(DMO)for VSP corridor stack[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),40(6):700-702.
Sun W B,Sun Z D.2010.VSP reverse time migration based on the pseudo-spectral method and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
Wang B L,Zhu G M.2009.Dip analysis and DMO correction of strata in zero-offset VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):282-287.
Wang C L,Liu F G,Li Y M.1996.Dip-moveout correction of VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),31(1):35-40.
Wang Y G,Wang Y C,Wei X C,et al.2008.Improvement of nonzero offset VSP imaging method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(6):641-644.
Wu S P,Huang L Z,Hu T Y.2011.Multiple reflection imaging by using walkaway VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(2):115-123.
Zhang B,Fang W B,Kong X N,et al.2008.Effect of velocity variation on seismic wave propagation in near surface[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),31(5):357-362.
Zhang G Z,Liu H,Yin X Y,et al.2011.Collation method research of acoustic logging data in seismic interpretation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(6):25-26,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.021.
Zhang M Z,Tan M Y,Wang X M.2005.Combined describing techniques of tertiary hidden hydrocarbon reservoir in Jiyang depression[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):42 -48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.009.
Zhang Z G,Li R,Yang J,et al.2010.Application of non zero offset VSP technology to oilfields with complex faults exploitation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(1):
42 -47,doi:10.3969/j.issn.10042903.2010.01.008.
陈启林,杨占龙.2006.岩性油气藏勘探方法与技术[J].天然气地球科学,17(5):622-626.
陈生昌,王汉闯,陈林.2012.三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法[J].地球物理学报,55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
杜婧,王尚旭,刘国昌,等.2009.基于局部斜率属性的VSP波场分离研究[J].地球物理学报,52(7):1867-1872.
方伍宝,陈林.2006.三维VSP资料波动方程叠前深度偏移研究[J].石油物探,45(5):527-531.
高磊,陈文超,王保利,等.2013.基于两步SVD变换的零偏VSP资料上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
郭念民,吴国忱.2012.非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析[J].地球物理学进展,27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
郝守玲,赵群.2008.横向速度变化对构造成像影响的物理模拟研究[J].石油物探,47(1):49-54.
黄中玉,曲寿利,王于静,等.2008.层状各向异性介质转换波克希霍夫叠前时间偏移[J].地球物理学报,52(12):3109-3115.
姜本厚,沈章洪,张平平,等.2012.倾斜地层的VSP时深标定研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(4):598-603.
李庆忠,张进.2006.岩性油气田勘探[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社.
李伍志,王璞珺,张功成,等.2011.珠江口盆地深部基底地层的地震时深转换研究[J].地球物理学报,54(2):449-455,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.023.
刘海河.2004.准确求取VSP时间-深度关系的探讨[J].测井技术,28(4):622-626.
刘守伟,王华忠,陈生昌,等.2012.VSP上下行反射波联合成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,55(9):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
孟恩,牟风明,赵彦青,等.2005.VSP走廊叠加倾角时差校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,40(6):700-702.
孙文博,孙赞东.2010.基于伪谱法的VSP逆时偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
王保利,朱光明.2009.零井源距VSP数据地层倾角分析和倾角时差校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(3):282-287.
王成礼,刘富贵,李幼铭.1996.VSP倾角时差校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,31(1):35-40.
王玉贵,王彦春,魏修成,等.2008.非零井源距VSP成像方法的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,43(6):641-644.
吴世萍,黄录忠,胡天跃.2011.Walkaway VSP多次波成像技术研究[J].石油物探,50(2):115-123.
张兵,方伍宝,孔祥宁,等.2008.近地表速度变化对地震波传播的影响[J].勘探地球物理进展,31(5):357-362.
张广智,刘洪,印兴耀,等.2011.地震解释中声波测井资料的整理方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,26(6):25-26,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.021.
张明振,谭明友,王兴谋.2005.济阳坳陷第三系隐蔽藏储层预测配套技术[J].地球物理学进展,20(1):42-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.009.
张振国,李瑞,杨军,等.2010.非零偏VSP技术在油田复杂断块开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(1):42-47,doi:10.3969/j.issn.10042903.2010.01.008.
Chen S C,Wang H C,Chen L.2012.A high efficient super-gather migration method for 3D VSP data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
Du J,Wang S X,Liu G C,et al.2009.VSP wavefield separation using local slopes attribute[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(7):1867-1872.
Fang W B,Chen L.2006.Wave equation of prestack depth migration of 3-D VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),45(5):527-531.
Gao L,Chen W C,Wang B L,et al.2013.Zero-offset VSP wavefield separation using two-step SVD approach[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1667-1675,doi:10 .6038/cjg20130524.
Guo N M,Wu G C.2012.Forward-modeling and feasibility study of non-repeating acquired time-lapse seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
Hao S L,Zhao Q.2008.Physical modeling research for the effect of lateral velocity on structural imaging[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),47(1):49-54.
He R Q.2006.Wave equation interferometric migration of VSP data[D].Utah:The University of Utah.
He R Q,Hornby B,Schuster G T.2007.3D wave-equation interferometric migration of VSP free-surface multiples[J].Geophysics,72(5):S195-S203.
Hornby B,Yu J H.2007.Interferometric imaging of a salt flank using walkaway VSP data[J].The Leading Edge,26(6):760-763.
Huang Z Y,Qu S L,Wang Y J,et al.2008.Kirchhoff prestack time migration of PS-wave data for the layered anisotropic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(12):3109-3115.
Jiang B H,Shen Z H,Zhang P P,et al.2012.VSP time-depth calibration in tilted stratum[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),47(4):598-603.
Li Q Z,Zhang J.2006.Exploration Method of Lithological Oil And Gas Field(in Chinese)[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press.
Li W Z,Wang P J,Zhang G C,et al.2011.Researches on timedepth conversion of deep-seated basal strata of Pearl River Mouth basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54 (2):449-455,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.023.
Liu H H.2004.On accurately acquiring time-depth relationship using VSP data[J].Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),28(4):622-626.
Liu S W,Wang H Z,Chen S C,et al.2012.Joint imaging method of VSP upgoing and downgoing reflection wave[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(9):3126-3133,doi:10 .6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
Meng E,Mu F M,Zhao Y Q,et al.2005.Dip-moveout-correction(DMO)for VSP corridor stack[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),40(6):700-702.
Sun W B,Sun Z D.2010.VSP reverse time migration based on the pseudo-spectral method and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
Wang B L,Zhu G M.2009.Dip analysis and DMO correction of strata in zero-offset VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):282-287.
Wang C L,Liu F G,Li Y M.1996.Dip-moveout correction of VSP data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),31(1):35-40.
Wang Y G,Wang Y C,Wei X C,et al.2008.Improvement of nonzero offset VSP imaging method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),43(6):641-644.
Wu S P,Huang L Z,Hu T Y.2011.Multiple reflection imaging by using walkaway VSP data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(2):115-123.
Zhang B,Fang W B,Kong X N,et al.2008.Effect of velocity variation on seismic wave propagation in near surface[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),31(5):357-362.
Zhang G Z,Liu H,Yin X Y,et al.2011.Collation method research of acoustic logging data in seismic interpretation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(6):25-26,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.021.
Zhang M Z,Tan M Y,Wang X M.2005.Combined describing techniques of tertiary hidden hydrocarbon reservoir in Jiyang depression[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):42 -48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.009.
Zhang Z G,Li R,Yang J,et al.2010.Application of non zero offset VSP technology to oilfields with complex faults exploitation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(1):
42 -47,doi:10.3969/j.issn.10042903.2010.01.008.
陈启林,杨占龙.2006.岩性油气藏勘探方法与技术[J].天然气地球科学,17(5):622-626.
陈生昌,王汉闯,陈林.2012.三维VSP数据高效偏移成像的超道集方法[J].地球物理学报,55(1):232-237,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.01.022.
杜婧,王尚旭,刘国昌,等.2009.基于局部斜率属性的VSP波场分离研究[J].地球物理学报,52(7):1867-1872.
方伍宝,陈林.2006.三维VSP资料波动方程叠前深度偏移研究[J].石油物探,45(5):527-531.
高磊,陈文超,王保利,等.2013.基于两步SVD变换的零偏VSP资料上下行波场分离方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1667-1675,doi:10.6038/cjg20130524.
郭念民,吴国忱.2012.非重复采集时移地震正演模拟及可行性分析[J].地球物理学进展,27(1):232-245,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.026.
郝守玲,赵群.2008.横向速度变化对构造成像影响的物理模拟研究[J].石油物探,47(1):49-54.
黄中玉,曲寿利,王于静,等.2008.层状各向异性介质转换波克希霍夫叠前时间偏移[J].地球物理学报,52(12):3109-3115.
姜本厚,沈章洪,张平平,等.2012.倾斜地层的VSP时深标定研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,47(4):598-603.
李庆忠,张进.2006.岩性油气田勘探[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社.
李伍志,王璞珺,张功成,等.2011.珠江口盆地深部基底地层的地震时深转换研究[J].地球物理学报,54(2):449-455,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.023.
刘海河.2004.准确求取VSP时间-深度关系的探讨[J].测井技术,28(4):622-626.
刘守伟,王华忠,陈生昌,等.2012.VSP上下行反射波联合成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,55(9):3126-3133,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.030.
孟恩,牟风明,赵彦青,等.2005.VSP走廊叠加倾角时差校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,40(6):700-702.
孙文博,孙赞东.2010.基于伪谱法的VSP逆时偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,53(9):2196-2203,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.09.020.
王保利,朱光明.2009.零井源距VSP数据地层倾角分析和倾角时差校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(3):282-287.
王成礼,刘富贵,李幼铭.1996.VSP倾角时差校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,31(1):35-40.
王玉贵,王彦春,魏修成,等.2008.非零井源距VSP成像方法的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,43(6):641-644.
吴世萍,黄录忠,胡天跃.2011.Walkaway VSP多次波成像技术研究[J].石油物探,50(2):115-123.
张兵,方伍宝,孔祥宁,等.2008.近地表速度变化对地震波传播的影响[J].勘探地球物理进展,31(5):357-362.
张广智,刘洪,印兴耀,等.2011.地震解释中声波测井资料的整理方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,26(6):25-26,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.021.
张明振,谭明友,王兴谋.2005.济阳坳陷第三系隐蔽藏储层预测配套技术[J].地球物理学进展,20(1):42-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.009.
张振国,李瑞,杨军,等.2010.非零偏VSP技术在油田复杂断块开发中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(1):42-47,doi:10.3969/j.issn.10042903.2010.01.008.
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