断层泥伊利石物理化学特征及其意义
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摘要
通过X射线衍射和化学分析等方法,研究了云南水电站断层泥中伊利石物理化学特征,结果显示:1伊利石物质的X射线衍射特征为Δ[(002)-(001)]>8,Ir>1,BB1<4°,属I+ISII有序混层,膨胀层小于15%,晶胞参数b0=8.991,1M多型结构;2K2O的平均含量9.1%变化范围在8.5%-10%之间;3K2O和Fe2O3含量之间为负相关,K2O含量与Δ[(002)-(001)]2θ值呈正相关,而K2O与Ir值呈负相关。上述特征表明该断层泥伊利石是在低温(小于200℃)低压环境下生成。它的形成与断层稳定滑动机制有关。由此推测该断层未来发生大地震的可能性较小。
The characteristics of minerals,such as illite,etc.in fault gouge from Xiaowan Fault are studied with X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. The results show that :( 1) X-ray diffraction features of illite are?[(002)?(001)]>8?,Ir>1,BB1 <4?,belonging to orderly mixed layer.Expansive layer accounts are smaller than 15%.The crystal cell parameters b0=8.991 ?,1M polytype structure.(2)KO2 content varies from 4.18%to 5.56%.( 3) There is negative correlation exists between K2 O and Fe2O3. There is a positive correlation between ?[(002)?(001)]and K2 O,but negative correlation exists between K2 O and Ir. All of characteristics suggest that illite was formed in the environment with low-temperature and low-pressure,which is related with the low level of fault activity and low probability of strong earthquake occurrence in future.
The characteristics of minerals,such as illite,etc.in fault gouge from Xiaowan Fault are studied with X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. The results show that :( 1) X-ray diffraction features of illite are?[(002)?(001)]>8?,Ir>1,BB1 <4?,belonging to orderly mixed layer.Expansive layer accounts are smaller than 15%.The crystal cell parameters b0=8.991 ?,1M polytype structure.(2)KO2 content varies from 4.18%to 5.56%.( 3) There is negative correlation exists between K2 O and Fe2O3. There is a positive correlation between ?[(002)?(001)]and K2 O,but negative correlation exists between K2 O and Ir. All of characteristics suggest that illite was formed in the environment with low-temperature and low-pressure,which is related with the low level of fault activity and low probability of strong earthquake occurrence in future.
引文
虢顺民,向宏发,计凤桔等,1992.云南小湾坝区断裂活动性与位移量研究.北京:地震出版社.
林传勇,刘行松,史兰斌等,1995.断层泥在基岩区新活动研究中的意义.中国地震,11(1):35—40.
林西生,应风祥等,1990.X射线衍射分析技术及其地质应用.北京:石油工业出版社,32—55.
杨雅秀,张乃娴,1994.中国粘土矿物.北京:地质出版社,50—70.
张秉良,林传勇,1993.活断层中断层泥显微结构特征及其意义.科学通报,38(14):1306—1309.
张秉良,林传勇,史兰斌,2002.香山-天景山断裂断层泥显微结构特征及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑)32 (3):184—90.
Balley S.W.et al.,1978.Report of the international mineralogical association(IMA)—international union of crystallography(IUCr)joint committee on nomenclature.Canadian Mineralogist,16:113—117.
Bos B.,Peach C.J.,Spiers C.J.,2000.Frictional-viscous flow of simulated gouge caused by the combined effects of phyllosilicates and pressure solution.Tectonophysics,327(3-4):173—194.
Gyaneshwar,G.C.Trigunayat,1972.Study of polytype growth in cadmium iodide crystals by cleavage.Physica Status Solidi(a),14(1):191—196.
Haines S.,Kaproth B.et al.,2013.Shear zone in clay-rich fault gouge:A laboratory study of fabric development and evolution.J.Struct.Geol.,51:206—225.
Hoffman J.,Hower J.,1979.Clay mineral assemblages as low gradmet amorphicge other mometers:application to the thrust faulted disturbed belt of Montana,U.S.A.In:Scholle P A and Schlugerp R eds.Aspects of Diagenesis,SEPM Spec.Publ.,226:57—79.
Inoue A.,1983.Potassium fixation by clay minerals during hydrothermal treatment.Clay and Clay Minerals,31:81 —91.
Muffler P.L.J.,White D.E.,1969.Active metamorphism of upper Cenozoic sediments in the Salton Sea geothermal field and the Salton Trough,Southeastern California.Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,80:157—182.
Reynolds,J.Hower,1970.The nature of interlayering in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites.Clays Clay Minerals,18:25—36.
Reynolds,1963.Potassium-rubidium ratios and polymorphism in illites and microclines from the clay size fractionsof proterozoic carbonate rock.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,27:1097—1112.
Sassi F.P.,Krutner H.G.,Zirpoli G.,1976.Recognition of the pressure character in greenschist facies metamorphism.Mineral.Petrol.Mitt.,56:427—434.
SrodońJ.,1979.Correlation between coal and clay diagenesis in the Carboniferous of Upper Silesian Coal Basin.Proc.Intern.Clay Conf.,Oxford,251—260.
SrodońJ.,1984.X-ray powder diffraction identification of illite minerals.Clay and Clay Minerals,32:337—347.
SrodońJ.,1986.Chemistry of illite/smectite and end-member illite.Clay and Clay Minerals,34(2):368—378.
SrodońJ.,2002.Thickness distribution of illite crystals in shalesⅠ:X-ray diffraction vs high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measuvements.Clay and Clay Minerals,50(5):562—577.
Weaver C.E.,Pollard L.D.,1973.粘土矿物化学.张德玉译,北京:地质出版社.
Yoder H.S.,Eugster H.P.,1955.Synthetic and nature muscovites.Geochem.Cosmochem.Acta,8:255—280.
林传勇,刘行松,史兰斌等,1995.断层泥在基岩区新活动研究中的意义.中国地震,11(1):35—40.
林西生,应风祥等,1990.X射线衍射分析技术及其地质应用.北京:石油工业出版社,32—55.
杨雅秀,张乃娴,1994.中国粘土矿物.北京:地质出版社,50—70.
张秉良,林传勇,1993.活断层中断层泥显微结构特征及其意义.科学通报,38(14):1306—1309.
张秉良,林传勇,史兰斌,2002.香山-天景山断裂断层泥显微结构特征及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑)32 (3):184—90.
Balley S.W.et al.,1978.Report of the international mineralogical association(IMA)—international union of crystallography(IUCr)joint committee on nomenclature.Canadian Mineralogist,16:113—117.
Bos B.,Peach C.J.,Spiers C.J.,2000.Frictional-viscous flow of simulated gouge caused by the combined effects of phyllosilicates and pressure solution.Tectonophysics,327(3-4):173—194.
Gyaneshwar,G.C.Trigunayat,1972.Study of polytype growth in cadmium iodide crystals by cleavage.Physica Status Solidi(a),14(1):191—196.
Haines S.,Kaproth B.et al.,2013.Shear zone in clay-rich fault gouge:A laboratory study of fabric development and evolution.J.Struct.Geol.,51:206—225.
Hoffman J.,Hower J.,1979.Clay mineral assemblages as low gradmet amorphicge other mometers:application to the thrust faulted disturbed belt of Montana,U.S.A.In:Scholle P A and Schlugerp R eds.Aspects of Diagenesis,SEPM Spec.Publ.,226:57—79.
Inoue A.,1983.Potassium fixation by clay minerals during hydrothermal treatment.Clay and Clay Minerals,31:81 —91.
Muffler P.L.J.,White D.E.,1969.Active metamorphism of upper Cenozoic sediments in the Salton Sea geothermal field and the Salton Trough,Southeastern California.Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,80:157—182.
Reynolds,J.Hower,1970.The nature of interlayering in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites.Clays Clay Minerals,18:25—36.
Reynolds,1963.Potassium-rubidium ratios and polymorphism in illites and microclines from the clay size fractionsof proterozoic carbonate rock.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,27:1097—1112.
Sassi F.P.,Krutner H.G.,Zirpoli G.,1976.Recognition of the pressure character in greenschist facies metamorphism.Mineral.Petrol.Mitt.,56:427—434.
SrodońJ.,1979.Correlation between coal and clay diagenesis in the Carboniferous of Upper Silesian Coal Basin.Proc.Intern.Clay Conf.,Oxford,251—260.
SrodońJ.,1984.X-ray powder diffraction identification of illite minerals.Clay and Clay Minerals,32:337—347.
SrodońJ.,1986.Chemistry of illite/smectite and end-member illite.Clay and Clay Minerals,34(2):368—378.
SrodońJ.,2002.Thickness distribution of illite crystals in shalesⅠ:X-ray diffraction vs high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measuvements.Clay and Clay Minerals,50(5):562—577.
Weaver C.E.,Pollard L.D.,1973.粘土矿物化学.张德玉译,北京:地质出版社.
Yoder H.S.,Eugster H.P.,1955.Synthetic and nature muscovites.Geochem.Cosmochem.Acta,8:255—280.
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