2010年新西兰M_W7.0主震与2011年M_W6.1余震近场强地面运动特征比较分析
|
摘要
2010年9月3日16时35分46秒新西兰南岛Greendale附近发生了MW7.0地震,震源深度约10.0km.2011年2月21日新西兰南岛又发生了MW6.1地震,为2010年MW7.0主震后最大的一次余震,震源深度约5.0km,发震断层为Christchurch南约9km一条近东西走向逆冲的隐伏断层,该地震造成Christchurch城内多处建筑物严重损毁.本文分析了2010年新西兰地震事件MW7.0主震与MW6.1余震强地面运动的特征.新西兰MW6.1余震近场强地面运动整体高于MW7.0主震.将主震和余震的强震观测记录分别与新一代衰减关系(NGA)进行对比,发现余震强震观测数据整体高于其震级对应的NGA.分别选取距离主震和余震震中最近且强震观测记录最高的两个台站(GDLC台站和HVSC台站)作为参照台站,建立动态复合震源模型(DCSM)及有限断层随机振动模型(SFFM)进行强地面运动的模拟计算,分析两种模型的模拟结果并对比二者的优势及局限,以便在未来工作中更好地通过模型计算强地面运动特征,实现区域化特征快速、实时分析及局部重点、细致分析相结合的目标.
The New Zealand earthquake of September 3, 2010, MW7. 0 occurred in the South Island of New Zealand with depth of 10 km. The February 21, 2011, South Island, New Zealand, earthquake occurred as a part of the aftershock sequence of the 2010 MW7.0 mainshock (Darfield earthquake of 2010). This largest MW 6.1 aftershock (Christchurch earthquake of 2011) is significantly closer to the main population center of Christchurch, New Zealand, than is the September 2010 mainshock, however, violent MW6.1 aftershock was caused by movement along a fault that does not appear to have broken the surface. Considering the amplification of shallow velocity structure (vS30), we compared the observed horizontal PGAs (peak ground acceleration) and PGVs (peak ground velocity) of both the mainshock and aftershock with NGA (next generation attenuation), respectively. The near-field strong ground motion of the aftershock is higher than the observations of mainshock. For the New Zealand sequence, two special finite fault models, dynamical composite source model (DCSM) and scholastic finite-fault model (SFFM), are constructed for Darfield and Christchurch earthquake of 2010 and 2011, respectively. For comparison purpose, we also conducted the broadband ground motion predictions for the station of Heathcote Valley Primary School (HVSC) and Greendale station (GDLC), which are the nearest stations from the epicenter of mainshock and aftershock, respectively. We compared the advantage and limitation of the DCSM and SFFM, respectively, for developing appropriate technique to generate the shaking map in real time and for earthquake early warning.
The New Zealand earthquake of September 3, 2010, MW7. 0 occurred in the South Island of New Zealand with depth of 10 km. The February 21, 2011, South Island, New Zealand, earthquake occurred as a part of the aftershock sequence of the 2010 MW7.0 mainshock (Darfield earthquake of 2010). This largest MW 6.1 aftershock (Christchurch earthquake of 2011) is significantly closer to the main population center of Christchurch, New Zealand, than is the September 2010 mainshock, however, violent MW6.1 aftershock was caused by movement along a fault that does not appear to have broken the surface. Considering the amplification of shallow velocity structure (vS30), we compared the observed horizontal PGAs (peak ground acceleration) and PGVs (peak ground velocity) of both the mainshock and aftershock with NGA (next generation attenuation), respectively. The near-field strong ground motion of the aftershock is higher than the observations of mainshock. For the New Zealand sequence, two special finite fault models, dynamical composite source model (DCSM) and scholastic finite-fault model (SFFM), are constructed for Darfield and Christchurch earthquake of 2010 and 2011, respectively. For comparison purpose, we also conducted the broadband ground motion predictions for the station of Heathcote Valley Primary School (HVSC) and Greendale station (GDLC), which are the nearest stations from the epicenter of mainshock and aftershock, respectively. We compared the advantage and limitation of the DCSM and SFFM, respectively, for developing appropriate technique to generate the shaking map in real time and for earthquake early warning.
引文
①http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010atbj.php
②http:∥www.gns.cri.nz/Home/News-and-Events/Media-Releases/Most-damaging-quake-since-1931/Canterbu-ry-quake/Hidden-fault
①http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/11_02/23/1298448093907.html
①http:∥www.strongmotioncenter.org/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?iqrID=NewZealand_03Sep2010&SFlag=0&Flag=2;http:∥www.strongmotioncenter.org/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?IQRID=NewZealand_21Feb2011&SFlag=0&Flag=2
①http:∥wwws.trongmotioncenter.org/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?iqrID=NewZealand_03Sep2010&SFlag=0&Flag=2.
②http:∥wwws.trongmotioncentero.rg/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?IQRID=NewZealand_21Feb2011&SFlag=0&Flag=2[2011].
①http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/11_03/01/1298949448216.html
姜慧.2005.地震动随机模拟方法中的场地效应研究[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所:19.
孟令媛,史保平.2012.2011年新西兰MW6.1地震震源过程及强地面运动特征初步分析[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1601--1612.
孟令媛,史保平.2011.应用动态复合震源模型模拟汶川MW7.9地震强地面运动[J].地球物理学报,54(4):1010--1027.
史保平,孟令媛.2010.基于物理过程的强地表运动预测[G]∥10000个科学难题:地球科学卷.北京:科学出版社:563--567.
王海云.2004.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所:99.
Allen T I,Trevor D,Cummins P R,Schneider J F.2006.Empirical attenuation of ground-motion spectral amplitudes insouthwestern Western Australia[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(2):572--585.
Aoi Shin,Takashi Kunugi,Hiroyuki Fujiwara.2008.Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion[J].Science,322(5902):727--730.
Atkinson G M.1984.Attenuation of strong ground motion in Canada from a random vibrations approach[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,74(1):2629--2653.
Atkinson G M,Boore D M.1995.Ground-motion relations for eastern North America[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(1):17--30.
Atkinson G M,Boore D M.1998.Evaluation of models for earthquake source spectra in eastern North America[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,88(4):917--934.
Beresnev I A,Atkinson G M.1998.FINSIM-a FORTRAN program for simulation stochastic acceleration time historiesfrom finite faults[J].Seism Res Lett,69(1):27--32.
Boatwright J.1982.The dynamic models for far-field acceleration[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(8):1049--1068.
Boore D M.1983.Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological model of the radiatedspectra[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(2):1865--1894.
Boore D M,Atkinson G M.2007.Boore-Atkinson NGA Ground Motion Relations for the Geometric Mean HorizontalComponent of Peak and Spectral Ground Motion Parameters[R].Berkeley,california:Pacific earthquake engineer-ing research center:9--58.
Boore D M,Joyner W B,Fumal T E.1997.Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak accelerationfrom Western North American earthquakes:A summary of recent work[J].Seism Res Lett,68(1):128--153.
Brune J N.1970.Tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,75(26):4997--5009.
Brune J N.1971.Correction to tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,76(20):5002.
Chandler A M,Lam N T,Tsang H H.2006.Near-surface attenuation modelling based on rock shear-wave velocity pro-file[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,26(11):1004--1014.
Frankel A.1991.High-frequency spectral fall off for earthquakes,fractal dimension of strength on faults[J].J GeophysRes,96(B4):6291--6302.
Fry B,Benites R,Kaiser A.2011.The character of accelerations in the MW6.2Christchurch earthquake[J].Seism ResLett,82(6):846--852.
Hanks T C,McGuire R K.1981.The character of high-frequency strong ground motion[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,71(6):2071--2095.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1983.Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupturehistory of the1979Imperial Valley,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(6A):1553--1583.
Irikura K.1986.Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical Green’s function[C]∥Proceeding of the7thJapan Earthquake Engineering Symposium.Tokyo:Center for Academic Publications Japan:151--156.
Motazedian D,Atkinson G M.2005.Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,95(3):995--1010.
Zeng Y,Anderson J G,Yu G.1994.A composite source model for computing realistic synthetic strong ground motions[J].Geophys Res Lett,21(8):725--728.
②http:∥www.gns.cri.nz/Home/News-and-Events/Media-Releases/Most-damaging-quake-since-1931/Canterbu-ry-quake/Hidden-fault
①http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/11_02/23/1298448093907.html
①http:∥www.strongmotioncenter.org/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?iqrID=NewZealand_03Sep2010&SFlag=0&Flag=2;http:∥www.strongmotioncenter.org/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?IQRID=NewZealand_21Feb2011&SFlag=0&Flag=2
①http:∥wwws.trongmotioncenter.org/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?iqrID=NewZealand_03Sep2010&SFlag=0&Flag=2.
②http:∥wwws.trongmotioncentero.rg/cgi-bin/CESMD/iqr_dist_DM2.pl?IQRID=NewZealand_21Feb2011&SFlag=0&Flag=2[2011].
①http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/11_03/01/1298949448216.html
姜慧.2005.地震动随机模拟方法中的场地效应研究[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所:19.
孟令媛,史保平.2012.2011年新西兰MW6.1地震震源过程及强地面运动特征初步分析[J].地球物理学报,55(4):1601--1612.
孟令媛,史保平.2011.应用动态复合震源模型模拟汶川MW7.9地震强地面运动[J].地球物理学报,54(4):1010--1027.
史保平,孟令媛.2010.基于物理过程的强地表运动预测[G]∥10000个科学难题:地球科学卷.北京:科学出版社:563--567.
王海云.2004.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所:99.
Allen T I,Trevor D,Cummins P R,Schneider J F.2006.Empirical attenuation of ground-motion spectral amplitudes insouthwestern Western Australia[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,96(2):572--585.
Aoi Shin,Takashi Kunugi,Hiroyuki Fujiwara.2008.Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion[J].Science,322(5902):727--730.
Atkinson G M.1984.Attenuation of strong ground motion in Canada from a random vibrations approach[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,74(1):2629--2653.
Atkinson G M,Boore D M.1995.Ground-motion relations for eastern North America[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85(1):17--30.
Atkinson G M,Boore D M.1998.Evaluation of models for earthquake source spectra in eastern North America[J].BullSeism Soc Amer,88(4):917--934.
Beresnev I A,Atkinson G M.1998.FINSIM-a FORTRAN program for simulation stochastic acceleration time historiesfrom finite faults[J].Seism Res Lett,69(1):27--32.
Boatwright J.1982.The dynamic models for far-field acceleration[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(8):1049--1068.
Boore D M.1983.Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological model of the radiatedspectra[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(2):1865--1894.
Boore D M,Atkinson G M.2007.Boore-Atkinson NGA Ground Motion Relations for the Geometric Mean HorizontalComponent of Peak and Spectral Ground Motion Parameters[R].Berkeley,california:Pacific earthquake engineer-ing research center:9--58.
Boore D M,Joyner W B,Fumal T E.1997.Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak accelerationfrom Western North American earthquakes:A summary of recent work[J].Seism Res Lett,68(1):128--153.
Brune J N.1970.Tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,75(26):4997--5009.
Brune J N.1971.Correction to tectonic stress and spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,76(20):5002.
Chandler A M,Lam N T,Tsang H H.2006.Near-surface attenuation modelling based on rock shear-wave velocity pro-file[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,26(11):1004--1014.
Frankel A.1991.High-frequency spectral fall off for earthquakes,fractal dimension of strength on faults[J].J GeophysRes,96(B4):6291--6302.
Fry B,Benites R,Kaiser A.2011.The character of accelerations in the MW6.2Christchurch earthquake[J].Seism ResLett,82(6):846--852.
Hanks T C,McGuire R K.1981.The character of high-frequency strong ground motion[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,71(6):2071--2095.
Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.1983.Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupturehistory of the1979Imperial Valley,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,73(6A):1553--1583.
Irikura K.1986.Prediction of strong acceleration motion using empirical Green’s function[C]∥Proceeding of the7thJapan Earthquake Engineering Symposium.Tokyo:Center for Academic Publications Japan:151--156.
Motazedian D,Atkinson G M.2005.Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,95(3):995--1010.
Zeng Y,Anderson J G,Yu G.1994.A composite source model for computing realistic synthetic strong ground motions[J].Geophys Res Lett,21(8):725--728.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心