南海北部陆缘地震带的活动性与发震机制
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摘要
南海北部陆缘地震带是一条板内地震活跃带,对其进行研究对于华南沿海的防震减灾和南海北部的新构造活动研究具有重要意义。通过地震活动性分析发现,该地震带可以划分为闽南―粤东、阳江、雷琼3个地震活跃区和珠江口地震弱活动区。结合区域构造背景分析发现,印藏碰撞导致的华南地块往E―SEE向运动并且该区东侧菲律宾海板块高速向NW向运动是该地震带的主要构造背景;二者的高速碰撞以及华南地块与西南、南侧块体的挤压剪切产生了巨大的应变能,这些应变能通过区内的滨海断裂带与壳内低速层进行传递、调整。在受挤压、剪切影响强烈的东、西部区域,除了在NW向与NE向的小规模断裂交会部位形成小震密集区之外,还在NW向断裂与滨海断裂带的交汇区域产生应力、应变积累,引发大震、强震。而在中部受影响较弱的珠江口区域,局部断裂稀疏,因而未出现小震密集区,并且大震、强震空缺。
The continental margin seismic belt(CMSB) of northern South China Sea(SCS) is an active intraplate seismic zone. Research on the CMSB has significant importance in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction,and in understanding the neotectoics of the northern SCS.By seismicity analyzing,we suggest that the CMSB can be divided into seismically active zones of Southern Fujian-Eastern Guangdong,Yangjiang,and Leizhou-Hainan,and less active zone of the Pearl River area. The E-SEE-wards moving of South China(SC) block induced by the extrusion of Indo-Tibet collision,and the NW-wards moving Philippine Sea(PHS) Plate constituent the major tectonic setting of seismicity in the CMSB.Collision of SC and PHS, as well as shearing-compression along the west and south boundaries of SC block,generated great strain energy.This energy was conveyed and balanced with the Literal Faults zone(LFZ) and low velocity layer in curst as conduits.In those areas affected strongly by shearing-compression in both west and east parts of the CMSB,seismicity concentrated at the intersection of NW-and NE-trending local faults,and great earthquakes occurred at the intersection of NW-trending faults and LFZ.The Pearl River mouth area,however,suffered less shearing-compression,and had only scattered earthquakes of mid-low magnitude and no earthquake with M≥6.0 documented.
The continental margin seismic belt(CMSB) of northern South China Sea(SCS) is an active intraplate seismic zone. Research on the CMSB has significant importance in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction,and in understanding the neotectoics of the northern SCS.By seismicity analyzing,we suggest that the CMSB can be divided into seismically active zones of Southern Fujian-Eastern Guangdong,Yangjiang,and Leizhou-Hainan,and less active zone of the Pearl River area. The E-SEE-wards moving of South China(SC) block induced by the extrusion of Indo-Tibet collision,and the NW-wards moving Philippine Sea(PHS) Plate constituent the major tectonic setting of seismicity in the CMSB.Collision of SC and PHS, as well as shearing-compression along the west and south boundaries of SC block,generated great strain energy.This energy was conveyed and balanced with the Literal Faults zone(LFZ) and low velocity layer in curst as conduits.In those areas affected strongly by shearing-compression in both west and east parts of the CMSB,seismicity concentrated at the intersection of NW-and NE-trending local faults,and great earthquakes occurred at the intersection of NW-trending faults and LFZ.The Pearl River mouth area,however,suffered less shearing-compression,and had only scattered earthquakes of mid-low magnitude and no earthquake with M≥6.0 documented.
引文
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[2]陈恩民,黄咏茵.华南十九次强震暨南海北部陆缘地震带概述[J].华南地震,1984,4(1):11-32.
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[4]林纪曾,梁国昭,赵毅,等.东南沿海地区的震源机制与构造应力场[J].地震学报,1980,2(3):245-257.
[5]康英,杨选,吕金水,等.广东及邻区地震的震源机制特征[J].中国地震,2005,21(3):320-331.
[6]邹和平.南海北部陆缘地震带的深部结构和孕震机制[J].华南地震,1998,18(3):16-20.
[7]任镇寰.华南地震区地震带划分的新研究[J].华南地震,1998,18(2):10-15.
[8]张虎男.南海及其周缘的地震活动与区域稳定性评价[J].海洋学报,1995,17(6):81-89.
[9]徐辉龙,丘学林,赵明辉,等.南海东北部南澳大地震(M=7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造[J].科学通报,2006,51(B11):83-91.
[10]钟贻军,任镇寰.1969年阳江6.4级地震发震构造研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):92-98.
[11]陈恩民,黄詠茵.1605年海南岛琼州大地震及其发震构造的初步探讨[J].地震地质,1979,1(4):37-44.
[12]林纪曾.东南沿海地区地震形势的探讨[J].华南地震,1983,3:1-10.
[13]林纪曾,谢明富,赵毅,等.东南沿海地区地震活动特征的研究[M]//丁原章,李坪,时振梁,等.海南岛北部地震研究文集.北京:地震出版社,1988:200-210.
[14]彭美凤,林世敏.东南沿海地震形势分析[J].地震,1996,16(002):197-201.
[15]严尊国,李普丽,狄莉莎,等.东南沿海地震带(含台湾海峡地区)地震活动期的讨论[J].华南地震,1996,16(2):10-15.
[16]陈益明.华南地区震源机制与应力场特征[J].华南地震,1992,12(2):23-31.
[17]魏柏林,徐辉龙,谢明富.东南沿海地震区的现代构造应力场[J].华南地震,1996,16(4):11-19.
[18]任镇寰,何晓灵.从活动构造角度讨论1605年大震的“余震”地点问题[J].华南地震,2006,26(1):9-16.
[19]ALTAMIMI Z,COLLILIEUX X,LEGRAND J,et al.ITRF2005:A new release of the International TerrestrialReference Frame based on time series of station positionsand Earth Orientation Parameters[J].J Geophys Res,2007,112(B9):B09401.
[20]SIMONS W,SOCQUET A,VIGNY C,et al.A decade ofGPS in Southeast Asia:Resolving Sundaland motion andboundaries[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(B6):B06420.
[21]LIN K C,HU J C,CHING K E,et al.GPS crustaldeformation,strain rate,and seismic activity after the 1999Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan[J].J Geophys Res,2010,115(B7):B07404.
[22]SHEN ZHENG-KANG,LüJIANGNING,WANG MIN,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeastborderland of the Tibetan Plateau[J].J Geophys Res,2005,110(B11409):1-17.
[23]YU S B,KUO L C,PUNONGBAYAN R S,et al.GPSobservation of crustal deformation in the Taiwan-Luzonregion[J].Geophys Res Lett,1999,26(7):923-926.
[24]顾功叙,林庭煌,时振梁.中国地震目录(公元前1831~公元1969年)[M].北京:科学出版社,1983:1-334.
[25]ZHENG TIANYU,AI YINSHUANG,CHEN QIZHI.The 16September 1994 Taiwan Strait earthquake:A simple ruptureevent starting as a break of asperity[J].Physics of the Earthand Planetary Interiors,1998,107(4):269-284.
[26]魏柏林,陈仁法,黄日恒.广东省地震构造概论[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:226.
[27]WESSEL P,SMITH W H F.New,improved version ofGeneric Mapping Tools released[J].EOS Transactions,1998,79:579-579.
[28]LüDMANN T,WONG H K.Neotectonic regime on thepassive continental margin of the northern South ChinaSea[J].Tectonophysics,1999,311(1-4):113-138.
[29]张静华,李延兴,郭良迁,等.华南块体的现今构造运动与内部形变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(3):57-62.
[30]张培震,王琪.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.
[31]SHEN ZHENG-KANG,ZHAO CHENGKUN,YIN AN,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation in east Asia constrainedby Global Positioning System measurements[J].J GeophysRes,2000,105(B3):5721-5734.
[32]SIBUET J C,HSU S K.How was Taiwan created?[J].Tectonophysics,2004,379(1-4):159-181.
[33]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆深地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.
[34]刘以宣.华南沿海区域断裂构造分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1981:1-120.
[35]张虎男,陈伟光.泉州-汕头地震带与菲律宾板块[J].地震,1983,5:23-26.
[36]张虎男,陈伟光,黄坤荣.泉州—汕头地震带的地震构造特征[J].华南地震,1983,3(S1):11-17.
[37]陈玉仁,丁祥焕,王耀东.泉州—汕头地震带地震地质的特征[J].华南地震,1983,3(1):1-9.
[38]刘以宣.南海新构造与地壳稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:1-256.
[39]丁原章,梁劳.巴士系构造的地震危险性[J].华南地震,1992,12(2):1-14.
[40]林松建,丁学仁,陈为伟,等.福建地区震源机制解与现代构造应力场研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(5):27-32.
[41]KAO H,WU F T.The 16 September 1994 earthquake(mb=6.5)in the Taiwan strait and its tectonic implications[J].Terrestrial,Atmosphere and Oceanic Science,1996,7(1):13-29.
[42]WEI B Z,CHUNG W Y.Strike-slip faulting on the northernmargin of the South China Sea:Evidence from twoearthquakes offshore of Hainan Island,China,in December1969[J].Tectonophysics,1995,241(1-2):55-66.
[43]赵明辉,丘学林,徐辉龙,等.华南海陆过渡带的地壳结构与壳内低速层[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(5):36-42.
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