基于信号包络线相似性的特定场地地下爆炸识别方法研究
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摘要
基于信号包络线相似性,本文提出了特定场地地下爆炸的识别方法,并将其用于一个特定场地地震事件分析,以评估该方法对特定场地爆炸事件的识别效果.结果表明,在误警率约为6.3%的情况下,事件间距小于15km的爆炸事件漏检率约为0.5%,事件间距在15—30km范围内的爆炸事件漏检率约为5.0%.与波形互相关方法相比,本文方法大幅扩大了有效识别特定场地爆炸事件的空间范围.
This paper presented a discriminant algorithm based on the similarity of wave envelopes to discriminate seismic events in the same site.The events in a fixed site were analyzed to evaluate the discriminating performance for underground explosions.The result shows good performance.When the false alarm rate is about 6.3%,the misclassification rate for explosions with inter-distance smaller than 15 km is only 0.5%,and that for explosions with inter-distance of15—30km is about 5.0%.Comparison with the result from the algorithm based on waveform cross-correlation indicates that the method in this paper can discriminate explosions with much larger inter-distance.
This paper presented a discriminant algorithm based on the similarity of wave envelopes to discriminate seismic events in the same site.The events in a fixed site were analyzed to evaluate the discriminating performance for underground explosions.The result shows good performance.When the false alarm rate is about 6.3%,the misclassification rate for explosions with inter-distance smaller than 15 km is only 0.5%,and that for explosions with inter-distance of15—30km is about 5.0%.Comparison with the result from the algorithm based on waveform cross-correlation indicates that the method in this paper can discriminate explosions with much larger inter-distance.
引文
王勤彩,陈章立,Asano Y,郑斯华,Hasegawa A.2009.利用尾波包络线反演方法研究伽师强震群区地壳的非均匀结构[J].地球物理学报,52(1):90-98.
Wang Q C,Chen Z L,Asano Y,Zheng S H,Hasegawa A.2009.Imaging crustal heterogeneity in Jiashi strong earthquake swarm region by coda envelope inversion analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(1):90-98(in Chinese).
王红春,靳平,何燕.2012.基于三分向台站波形的重复地下爆炸相关检测[J].地球物理学报,55(3):937-943.doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.023
Wang H C,Jin P,He Y.2012.Cross-correlation detection of repeating underground explosions using three-componentstations[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(3):937-943.doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.023(in Chinese).
徐雄.2011.地震数据库中重复地震事件搜索方法研究及应用[D].西安:西北核技术研究所:74.
Xu X.2011.Study of Algorithms for Repeat Events Exploration in Seismic Database and Its Application[D].Xi’an:Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology:74(in Chinese).
Anderson D N,Walter W R,Fagan D K,Mercier T M,Taylor S R.2009.Regional multistation discriminants:Magnitude,distance,and amplitude corrections,and sources of error[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2A):794-808.
Blandford R R.1982.Seismic event discrimination[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,72(6B):S69-S87.
Fisk M D,Bottone S.2000.Regional seismic event characterization using a Bayesian Kriging approach[C]∥22nd AnnualSeismic Research Symposium.Planning for Verification of and Compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan Treaty(CTBT).New Orleans:Department of Defense and U.S.Department of Energy:01-03.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Patton H J,Walter W R.2007.Next-generation MDAC discrimination procedure using multidimensional spectral analyses[C]∥Proceedings of the 29th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based NuclearExplosion Monitoring Technologies.Denver,Colorado:National Nuclear Security Administration,LA-UR-07-5613,1:551-560.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Patton H J,Walter W R.2008.Applications of a next-generation MDAC discrimination procedure using two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[C]∥Proceedings of the 30th Monitoring ResearchReview:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Portsmouth,Virginia:National Nuclear Security Administration,LA-UR-08-05261,1:583-592.
Geller R J,Mueller C S.1980.Four similar earthquakes in central California[J].Geophys Res Lett,7(10):821-824.
Gibbons S J,Ringdal F.2004.A waveform correlation procedure for detecting decoupled chemical explosions[C]∥NORSAR Scientific Report:Semiannual Technical Summary(2).Kjeller:Norwegian Seismic Array:41-50.
Gibbons S J,Ringdal F.2006.The detection of low magnitude seismic events using array-based waveform correlation[J].Geophys J Int,165(1):149-166.doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02865.x.
Hartse H E,Taylor S R,Phillips W S,Randall G E.1997.A preliminary study of regional seismic discrimination in central Asia with emphasis on western China[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,87(3):551-568.
Hough S E,Field E H.1996.On the coherence of ground motion in the San Fernad Valley[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,86(6):1724-1732.
Leidig M,Stump B,Walter W R,Stroujkova A,Yang X,Bonner J.2010.Examination of P/S spectral ratios for smallexplosions at local distances and interpretation of moment tensors estimated from near-source data[C]∥Proceedingsof the 32th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Orlando,Florido:National Nuclear Security Administration,LA-UR-10-05578,1:416-426.
Marshall P D,Basham P W.1972.Discrimination between earthquakes and underground explosions employing an improved MSscale[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,28(5):431-458.
Menke W,Lerner-Lam A L,Dubendorff B,Pacheco J.1990.Polarization and coherence of 5to 30Hz seismic wave fieldsat a hard-rock site and their relevance to velocity heterogeneities in the crust[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,80(2):430-449.
Pan C Z,Jin P,Wang H C.2007a.Applicability of P/S amplitude ratios for the discrimination of low magnitude seismicevents[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,20(5):553-561.
Pan C Z,Jin P,Xiao W G.2007b.Calibration of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events in Xinjiang and its adjacent areasbased on a Bayesian Kriging method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,20(6):664-674.
Patton H J,Taylor S R.1995.Analysis of Lg spectral ratios from NTS explosions:Implications for the source mechanisms of spall and the generation of Lg waves[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,85(1):220-236.
Pomeroy P W,Best W J,McEvilly T V.1982.Test ban treaty verification with regional data:A review[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,72(6B):S89-S129.
Ryzhikov G A,Biryulina M S,Husebye E S.1996.A novel approach to automatic monitoring of regional seismic events[J].IRIS News Letter,15(1):12-14.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.2010.One magnitude unit reduction in detection threshold by cross correlation applied toParkfield(California)and China seismicity[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(6):3224-3238.
Schultz C A,Myers S C,Hipp J,Young C J.1998.Nonstationary Bayesian Kriging:A predictive technique to generatespatial correction for seismic detection,location,and identification[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,88(5):1275-1288.
Taylor S R,Denny M D,Vergino E S,Glaser R E.1989.Regional discrimination between NTS explosions and westernU.S.earthquakes[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,79(4):1142-1176
Taylor S R,Hartse H E.1998.A procedure for estimation of source and propagation amplitude corrections for regionalseismic discriminants[J].J Geophys Res,103(B2):2781-2789.
Taylor S R,Velasco A A,Hartse H E,Phillips W S,Walter W R,Rodgers A J.2002.Amplitude corrections for regional seismic discriminants[J].Pure Appl Geophys,159(4):623-650.
Waldhauser F,Ellswort W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to theNorthern Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,90(1):1353-1368.
Walter W R,Mayeda K M,Patton H J.1995.Phase and spectral ratio discrimination between NTS earthquakes and explosion,PartⅠ:Empirical observations[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,85(4):1050-1067.
Wang Q C,Chen Z L,Asano Y,Zheng S H,Hasegawa A.2009.Imaging crustal heterogeneity in Jiashi strong earthquake swarm region by coda envelope inversion analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(1):90-98(in Chinese).
王红春,靳平,何燕.2012.基于三分向台站波形的重复地下爆炸相关检测[J].地球物理学报,55(3):937-943.doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.023
Wang H C,Jin P,He Y.2012.Cross-correlation detection of repeating underground explosions using three-componentstations[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(3):937-943.doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.023(in Chinese).
徐雄.2011.地震数据库中重复地震事件搜索方法研究及应用[D].西安:西北核技术研究所:74.
Xu X.2011.Study of Algorithms for Repeat Events Exploration in Seismic Database and Its Application[D].Xi’an:Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology:74(in Chinese).
Anderson D N,Walter W R,Fagan D K,Mercier T M,Taylor S R.2009.Regional multistation discriminants:Magnitude,distance,and amplitude corrections,and sources of error[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2A):794-808.
Blandford R R.1982.Seismic event discrimination[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,72(6B):S69-S87.
Fisk M D,Bottone S.2000.Regional seismic event characterization using a Bayesian Kriging approach[C]∥22nd AnnualSeismic Research Symposium.Planning for Verification of and Compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan Treaty(CTBT).New Orleans:Department of Defense and U.S.Department of Energy:01-03.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Patton H J,Walter W R.2007.Next-generation MDAC discrimination procedure using multidimensional spectral analyses[C]∥Proceedings of the 29th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based NuclearExplosion Monitoring Technologies.Denver,Colorado:National Nuclear Security Administration,LA-UR-07-5613,1:551-560.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Patton H J,Walter W R.2008.Applications of a next-generation MDAC discrimination procedure using two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[C]∥Proceedings of the 30th Monitoring ResearchReview:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Portsmouth,Virginia:National Nuclear Security Administration,LA-UR-08-05261,1:583-592.
Geller R J,Mueller C S.1980.Four similar earthquakes in central California[J].Geophys Res Lett,7(10):821-824.
Gibbons S J,Ringdal F.2004.A waveform correlation procedure for detecting decoupled chemical explosions[C]∥NORSAR Scientific Report:Semiannual Technical Summary(2).Kjeller:Norwegian Seismic Array:41-50.
Gibbons S J,Ringdal F.2006.The detection of low magnitude seismic events using array-based waveform correlation[J].Geophys J Int,165(1):149-166.doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02865.x.
Hartse H E,Taylor S R,Phillips W S,Randall G E.1997.A preliminary study of regional seismic discrimination in central Asia with emphasis on western China[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,87(3):551-568.
Hough S E,Field E H.1996.On the coherence of ground motion in the San Fernad Valley[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,86(6):1724-1732.
Leidig M,Stump B,Walter W R,Stroujkova A,Yang X,Bonner J.2010.Examination of P/S spectral ratios for smallexplosions at local distances and interpretation of moment tensors estimated from near-source data[C]∥Proceedingsof the 32th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Orlando,Florido:National Nuclear Security Administration,LA-UR-10-05578,1:416-426.
Marshall P D,Basham P W.1972.Discrimination between earthquakes and underground explosions employing an improved MSscale[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,28(5):431-458.
Menke W,Lerner-Lam A L,Dubendorff B,Pacheco J.1990.Polarization and coherence of 5to 30Hz seismic wave fieldsat a hard-rock site and their relevance to velocity heterogeneities in the crust[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,80(2):430-449.
Pan C Z,Jin P,Wang H C.2007a.Applicability of P/S amplitude ratios for the discrimination of low magnitude seismicevents[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,20(5):553-561.
Pan C Z,Jin P,Xiao W G.2007b.Calibration of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events in Xinjiang and its adjacent areasbased on a Bayesian Kriging method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,20(6):664-674.
Patton H J,Taylor S R.1995.Analysis of Lg spectral ratios from NTS explosions:Implications for the source mechanisms of spall and the generation of Lg waves[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,85(1):220-236.
Pomeroy P W,Best W J,McEvilly T V.1982.Test ban treaty verification with regional data:A review[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,72(6B):S89-S129.
Ryzhikov G A,Biryulina M S,Husebye E S.1996.A novel approach to automatic monitoring of regional seismic events[J].IRIS News Letter,15(1):12-14.
Schaff D P,Waldhauser F.2010.One magnitude unit reduction in detection threshold by cross correlation applied toParkfield(California)and China seismicity[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(6):3224-3238.
Schultz C A,Myers S C,Hipp J,Young C J.1998.Nonstationary Bayesian Kriging:A predictive technique to generatespatial correction for seismic detection,location,and identification[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,88(5):1275-1288.
Taylor S R,Denny M D,Vergino E S,Glaser R E.1989.Regional discrimination between NTS explosions and westernU.S.earthquakes[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,79(4):1142-1176
Taylor S R,Hartse H E.1998.A procedure for estimation of source and propagation amplitude corrections for regionalseismic discriminants[J].J Geophys Res,103(B2):2781-2789.
Taylor S R,Velasco A A,Hartse H E,Phillips W S,Walter W R,Rodgers A J.2002.Amplitude corrections for regional seismic discriminants[J].Pure Appl Geophys,159(4):623-650.
Waldhauser F,Ellswort W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to theNorthern Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,90(1):1353-1368.
Walter W R,Mayeda K M,Patton H J.1995.Phase and spectral ratio discrimination between NTS earthquakes and explosion,PartⅠ:Empirical observations[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,85(4):1050-1067.
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