甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段晚第四纪活动性研究
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摘要
以甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段的地质地貌为研究对象,在遥感解译的基础上,通过对典型地区的详细野外调查和探槽研究对该段晚第四纪活动性进行研究。在断裂沿线的生康乡、仁果乡、错阿乡、日阿乡进行了断错地貌分析和晚第四纪滑动速率计算,生康区的水平滑动速率为(7.6±0.5)mm/a,垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a;仁果区的水平滑动速率为(8.0±0.3)mm/a,垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a;错阿区的水平滑动速率为(10.3±0.4)mm/a;日阿区的水平滑动速率为(10.8±0.8)mm/a,垂直滑动速率为(1.1±0.1)mm/a。在仁果乡和错阿乡进行了探槽研究,两处探槽都揭示了多次古地震事件,虽然揭露的断层构造样式有所不同,但总体上都是以走滑为主兼有一定的逆冲分量。综合古地震事件和滑动速率分析表明,甘孜-玉树断裂带东南段晚第四纪尤其是全新世以来活动剧烈。
Taking tectonic geomorphology of southeastern Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone as the research object,and based on remote sensing interpretation,the paper investigates the late Quaternary activity of the southeastern segment of Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone through trenching and detailed field investigation on several typical sites. We analyze the landscapes and calculate the late Quaternary slip rates along the fault zone at the sites in Shengkang township,Renguo township,Cuoa township,and Ria township,respectively.The horizontal and vertical slip rates are(7.6±0.5)mm/a and(1.1±0.1)mm/a at Shengkang township,(8.0±0.3)mm/a and (1.1±0.1)mm/a at Renguo township. And horizontal slip rate of Cuoa township is(10.3±0.4)mm/a.The horizontal and vertical slip rates of Ria township are(10.8±0.8)mm/a and(1.1±0.1)mm/a,respectively. Both trenches at Renguo township and Cuoa township have revealed several paleoearthquake events. Though there are some differences in fault tectonic styles revealed between the two trenches,the fault motion on this segment is of strike-slip with a certain amount of thrust component on the whole. Associated with the analysis of paleoearthquake events and slip rate,it is found that the southeastern Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone is subject to intensive activity since late Quaternary,especially since Holocene.
Taking tectonic geomorphology of southeastern Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone as the research object,and based on remote sensing interpretation,the paper investigates the late Quaternary activity of the southeastern segment of Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone through trenching and detailed field investigation on several typical sites. We analyze the landscapes and calculate the late Quaternary slip rates along the fault zone at the sites in Shengkang township,Renguo township,Cuoa township,and Ria township,respectively.The horizontal and vertical slip rates are(7.6±0.5)mm/a and(1.1±0.1)mm/a at Shengkang township,(8.0±0.3)mm/a and (1.1±0.1)mm/a at Renguo township. And horizontal slip rate of Cuoa township is(10.3±0.4)mm/a.The horizontal and vertical slip rates of Ria township are(10.8±0.8)mm/a and(1.1±0.1)mm/a,respectively. Both trenches at Renguo township and Cuoa township have revealed several paleoearthquake events. Though there are some differences in fault tectonic styles revealed between the two trenches,the fault motion on this segment is of strike-slip with a certain amount of thrust component on the whole. Associated with the analysis of paleoearthquake events and slip rate,it is found that the southeastern Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone is subject to intensive activity since late Quaternary,especially since Holocene.
引文
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邓起东,高翔,陈桂华,等.2010.青藏高原昆仑-汶川地震系列与巴颜喀喇断块的最新活动[J].地学前缘,17(5):163—178.DENG Qi-dong,GAO Xiang,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2010.Recent tectonic activity of Bayankala fault-block and theKunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series of the Tibetan plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,17(5):163—178(inChinese).
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石峰,何宏林,张英.2010.青海玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解译[J].震灾防御技术,5(2):220—227.SHI Feng,HE Hong-lin,ZHANG Ying.2010.Remote sensing interpretation of the MS7.1Yushu earthquake surfaceruptures[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,5(2):220—227(in Chinese).
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.2003.甘孜-玉树断裂带平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):199—208.WEN Xue-ze,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Rong-zhang,et al.2003.Average slip-rate and recent large earthquake ruptures alongthe Garzê-Yushu Fault[J].Science in China(Ser D),46(Suppl):276—288.
邢成起,丁国瑜,卢演俦,等.2001.黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地形成系列中构造作用的多层次分析[J].中国地震,17(2):187—201.XING Cheng-qi,DING Guo-yu,LU Yan-chou,et al.2001.Comparison of river terraces in the middle reach valleys of theYellow River and analysis on the multi-gradational features of tectonic action in the formation of terraces series[J].Earthquake Research in China,17(2):187—201(in Chinese).
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杨晓平,冯希杰,戈天勇,等.2008.龙门山断裂带北段第四纪活动的地质地貌证据[J].地震地质,30(3):644—657.YANG Xiao-ping,FENG Xi-jie,GE Tian-yong,et al.2008.Geological and geomorphic evidence for the Quaternaryactivity on the northeast segment of Longmenshan Fault zone[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):644—657(inChinese).
张培震.2008.青藏高原东缘川西地区的现今构造变形、应变分配与深部动力过程[J].中国科学(D辑),38(9):1041—1056.ZHANG Pei-zhen.2008.Current tectonic deformation,strain distribution and deep dynamic process of western Sichuanin eastern margin of Tibetan plateau[J].Science in China(Ser D),38(9):1041—1056(in Chinese).
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张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.2003.中国大陆强震活动与活动块体[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):12—20.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Guo-min,et al.2003.Active tectonics blocks and strong earthquakes in thecontinent of China[J].Science in China(Ser D),46(Suppl):13—24.
张培震,李传友,毛凤英.2008.河流阶地演化与走滑断裂滑动速率[J].地震地质,30(1):44—57.ZHANG Pei-zhen,LI Chuan-you,MAO Feng-ying.2008.Strath terrace formation and strike-slip faulting[J].Seismology and Geology,30(1):44—57(in Chinese).
郑文涛,杨景春,段锋军,等.2000.武威盆地晚更新世河流阶地与新构造运动[J].地震地质,22(3):318—328.ZHENG Wen-tao,YANG Jing-chun,DUAN Feng-jun,et al.2000.A study on the relation between deformation of riverterraces and neotectonic activity in the Wuwei Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):318—328(in Chinese).
周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.1996.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征[J].中国地震,12(4):250—260.ZHOU Rong-jun,MA Sheng-hao,CAI Chang-xing.1996.Late Quaternary active features of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone[J].Earthquake Research in China,12(4):250—260(in Chinese).
Chen J,Burbank D W,Scharer K M,et al.2002.Magnetochronology of the Upper Cenozoic strata in the southwesternChinese Tian Shan:Rate of Pleistocene folding and thrusting[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,195:113—130.
Cowgill E.2007.Impact of riser reconstructions on estimation of secular variation in rates of strike-slip faulting:Revisiting the Cherchen River site along the Altyn Tagh Fault,NW China[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,254:239—255.
He Honglin,Ran Hongliu,Yasutak Ikada.2006.Uniform strike-slip rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault systemand its implications for active tectonics in southeastern Tibet[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,(2):376—386.
Lave J,Avouac J P.2000.Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hill,Himalayas of central Nepal[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B3):5735—5700.
Shi F,He H L,Wei Zh Y.2012.Coseismic horizontal shortening associated with the2008Wenchuan earthquake alongthe Baishahe segment from high resolution satellite images[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences.doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.01.001.
USGS.2010.Magnitude6.9Southern Qinghai,China[R].http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vacp.php.
Van Der Woerd J,Tapponnier P,Ryerson F J,et al.2002.Uniform postglacial slip-rate along the central600km of theKunlun Fault(Tibet),from26Al,10Be,and14C dating of riser offsets,and climatic origin of the regional morphology[J].Geophys J Int,148:356—388.
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陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(第四版)[R].http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/17/1271488288058.html.CHEN Yun-tai.2010.The report of focal mechanism and rupture process of2010.4.14Yushu earthquake,Qinghai,China(the fourth edition)[R].http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/17/1271488288058.html(in Chinese).
邓起东.2007.中国活动构造图[M].北京:地震出版社.DENG Qi-dong.2007.Map of Active Tectonics in China[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
邓起东,陈立春,冉勇康.2004.活动构造定量研究与应用[J].地学前缘,11(4):383—392.DENG Qi-dong,CHEN Li-chun,RAN Yong-kang.2004.Quantitative studies and applications of active tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(4):383—392(in Chinese).
邓起东,高翔,陈桂华,等.2010.青藏高原昆仑-汶川地震系列与巴颜喀喇断块的最新活动[J].地学前缘,17(5):163—178.DENG Qi-dong,GAO Xiang,CHEN Gui-hua,et al.2010.Recent tectonic activity of Bayankala fault-block and theKunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series of the Tibetan plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,17(5):163—178(inChinese).
付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.2008.四川汶川MS8.0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析[J].地质学报,82(12):1679—1687.FU Bi-hong,SHI Pi-long,ZHANG Zhi-wu.2008.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(12):1679—1687(in Chinese).
何宏林.2011.活动断层填图中的航片解译问题[J].地震地质,33(4):938—950.HE Hong-lin.2011.Some problems of aerial photo interpretation in active fault mapping[J].Seismology and Geology,33(4):938—950(in Chinese).doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.04.017.
李闽峰,邢成起,蔡长星,等.1995.玉树断裂活动性研究[J].地震地质,17(3):218—224.LI Min-feng,XING Cheng-qi,CAI Chang-xing,et al.1995.Research on activity of Yushu Fault[J].Seismology andGeology,17(3):218—224(in Chinese).
马保起,李克,吴卫民,等.1999.大青山河谷地貌特征及新构造意义[J].地理学报,54(4):327—334.MA Bao-qi,LI Ke,WU Wei-min,et al.1999.Features and neotectonic significance of river valley landforms in Mt.Daqingshan[J].Acta Geographica Sinca,54(4):327—334(in Chinese).
彭华,马秀敏,白嘉启,等.2006.甘孜玉树断裂带第四纪活动特征[J].地质力学学报,12(3):295—304.PENG Hua,MA Xiu-min,Bai Jia-qi,et al.2006.Characteristics of Quaternary activities of the Ganzê-Yushu Faultzone[J].Journal of Geomoechanics,12(3):295—304(in Chinese).
石峰,何宏林,张英.2010.青海玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解译[J].震灾防御技术,5(2):220—227.SHI Feng,HE Hong-lin,ZHANG Ying.2010.Remote sensing interpretation of the MS7.1Yushu earthquake surfaceruptures[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,5(2):220—227(in Chinese).
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.2003.甘孜-玉树断裂带平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):199—208.WEN Xue-ze,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Rong-zhang,et al.2003.Average slip-rate and recent large earthquake ruptures alongthe Garzê-Yushu Fault[J].Science in China(Ser D),46(Suppl):276—288.
邢成起,丁国瑜,卢演俦,等.2001.黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地形成系列中构造作用的多层次分析[J].中国地震,17(2):187—201.XING Cheng-qi,DING Guo-yu,LU Yan-chou,et al.2001.Comparison of river terraces in the middle reach valleys of theYellow River and analysis on the multi-gradational features of tectonic action in the formation of terraces series[J].Earthquake Research in China,17(2):187—201(in Chinese).
杨景春.1998.祁连山北麓河流阶地与新构造演化[J].第四纪研究,(3):229—237.YANG Jing-chun.1998.River terraces and neotectonic evolution on the north margin of the Qilianshan Mountains[J].Quaternary Sciences,(3):229—237(in Chinese).
杨景春,刘光勋.1987.汾河南段河流阶地与新构造运动[A].见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(1).北京:地震出版社.30—41.YANG Jing-chun,LIU Guang-xun.1987.River terrace and neotectonic motion on the southern reach of the Fenhe River[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,SSB(ed).Crustal and Crustal Stress(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.30—41(in Chinese).
杨晓平,冯希杰,戈天勇,等.2008.龙门山断裂带北段第四纪活动的地质地貌证据[J].地震地质,30(3):644—657.YANG Xiao-ping,FENG Xi-jie,GE Tian-yong,et al.2008.Geological and geomorphic evidence for the Quaternaryactivity on the northeast segment of Longmenshan Fault zone[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):644—657(inChinese).
张培震.2008.青藏高原东缘川西地区的现今构造变形、应变分配与深部动力过程[J].中国科学(D辑),38(9):1041—1056.ZHANG Pei-zhen.2008.Current tectonic deformation,strain distribution and deep dynamic process of western Sichuanin eastern margin of Tibetan plateau[J].Science in China(Ser D),38(9):1041—1056(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.1995.天山北麓的冰水冲洪积地貌与新构造运动[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.63—78.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,YANG Xiao-ping,et al.1995.Glaciofluvial geomorphology and neotectonics along therange-front of northern Tianshan[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Active Fault Research(4).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.63—78(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.2003.中国大陆强震活动与活动块体[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):12—20.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Guo-min,et al.2003.Active tectonics blocks and strong earthquakes in thecontinent of China[J].Science in China(Ser D),46(Suppl):13—24.
张培震,李传友,毛凤英.2008.河流阶地演化与走滑断裂滑动速率[J].地震地质,30(1):44—57.ZHANG Pei-zhen,LI Chuan-you,MAO Feng-ying.2008.Strath terrace formation and strike-slip faulting[J].Seismology and Geology,30(1):44—57(in Chinese).
郑文涛,杨景春,段锋军,等.2000.武威盆地晚更新世河流阶地与新构造运动[J].地震地质,22(3):318—328.ZHENG Wen-tao,YANG Jing-chun,DUAN Feng-jun,et al.2000.A study on the relation between deformation of riverterraces and neotectonic activity in the Wuwei Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):318—328(in Chinese).
周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.1996.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征[J].中国地震,12(4):250—260.ZHOU Rong-jun,MA Sheng-hao,CAI Chang-xing.1996.Late Quaternary active features of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault zone[J].Earthquake Research in China,12(4):250—260(in Chinese).
Chen J,Burbank D W,Scharer K M,et al.2002.Magnetochronology of the Upper Cenozoic strata in the southwesternChinese Tian Shan:Rate of Pleistocene folding and thrusting[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,195:113—130.
Cowgill E.2007.Impact of riser reconstructions on estimation of secular variation in rates of strike-slip faulting:Revisiting the Cherchen River site along the Altyn Tagh Fault,NW China[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,254:239—255.
He Honglin,Ran Hongliu,Yasutak Ikada.2006.Uniform strike-slip rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault systemand its implications for active tectonics in southeastern Tibet[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,(2):376—386.
Lave J,Avouac J P.2000.Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hill,Himalayas of central Nepal[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B3):5735—5700.
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