七盘沟堰塞体溃决后水动力特征及沟内泥石流启动条件分析
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摘要
以汶川地震强震区七盘沟堰塞湖为例,通过野外调查、现场测量,分析了"7.10"泥石流暴发时6个典型堰塞体的溃决特征,给出了堰塞体溃决类型及其溃决后的水动力特征。结果表明,6个典型堰塞体失稳主要以漫顶溢流破坏为主,溃决流量最大值达404.9m3/s。进而确定了堰塞体溃决后泥石流的启动条件,结果可为泥石流预防与控制提供参考。
Taking Qipangou gully of Wenchuan earthquake zone as an example,the dam break characteristics of six typical landslide dam in outbreak of " 7.10" debris flow are analyzed by means of field investigation and field measurement.It gives the dam break type of landslide dams and hydrodynamic characteristics after dam break.The results show that the six typical landslide dam is instability,and its main failure is overtopping.The maximum flow rate reaches 404.9m3/s after dam break.Furthermore,the starting condition of debris flow after outburst of dam break is determined,which provides a reference for prevention and control of debris flow.
Taking Qipangou gully of Wenchuan earthquake zone as an example,the dam break characteristics of six typical landslide dam in outbreak of " 7.10" debris flow are analyzed by means of field investigation and field measurement.It gives the dam break type of landslide dams and hydrodynamic characteristics after dam break.The results show that the six typical landslide dam is instability,and its main failure is overtopping.The maximum flow rate reaches 404.9m3/s after dam break.Furthermore,the starting condition of debris flow after outburst of dam break is determined,which provides a reference for prevention and control of debris flow.
引文
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[2]Takahashi T.Debris Flow[J].Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,1981,13:57-77.
[3]Iverson R M.Sensitivity of Stability Analyse to Groundwater Data[J].Landslides,1992:451-457.
[4]Cui Peng.The 12May Wechuan Earthquake-induced Landslide Lakes:Distribution and Preliminary Risk Evaluation[J].Landslides,2009,6:209-223.
[5]吴积善,程尊兰,耿学勇.西藏东南部泥石流堵塞坝的形成机理[J].山地学报,2005,23(4):399-405.
[6]Chien Yuan Chen,Tien Chien Chen,Fan Chieh Yu,et al.Rainfall Duration and Debris-flow Initiated Studies for Real-time Monitoring[J].Environmental Geology,2004:91-101.
[7]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[8]匡尚富.天然坝溃决的泥石流形成机理及其数学模型[J].泥沙研究,1993(4):42-57.
[9]许传桂,Froehlich D C.溃决土石坝的峰值泄流量[J].大坝与安全,1996(4):63-69.
[10]费祥俊,舒安平.泥石流运动机理与灾害防治[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[11]Bin Yu.Experimental Study on Equilibrium Concentration of Debris Flows[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2001,16(2):320-325.
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