汶川地震强余震的电磁同震效应
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摘要
汶川5.12大地震发生后,在武都汉王地震台及其附近地区布置了2个大地电磁测深点,进行了两期余震序列的地震电磁效应连续监测,共观测到M_s4.0及以上的余震事件35次.通过与汉王强震台的地震记录数据中15个强震记录比较发现,与地震波相对应的地震同震电磁信号存在于所有的电场和磁场记录分量中,它们与地震波到达同步.地震破裂发生时的电磁辐射信号在记录数据中相比地震波达到观测点的电磁信号幅度要小得多,无法从观测数据识别出来.通过分析对比地震位移和同震电磁信号的关系,提出了地震电磁同震信号产生的地震波驱动机理,认为观测系统在地球基本磁场中随地面运动产生了地震同震电磁信号,并从观测的地震振动位移和电磁信号进行了验证.
The measurement of electromagnetic field at two sites in Hanwang and Chouziba for monitoring aftershock series has been done in continuous observation after the M_s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008.The measurement was done in two periods.Recorded data covered 35 aftershocks with magnitude more than M_s4.0.Comparing with the seismic data recorded at Hanwang station for 15 events, the coseismic signal of aftershocks exists on all components of the magnetic and electric fields at two different sites.The EM coseismic signals arrived simultaneously with the seismic waves, but not at the origin time of the earthquake.The signal produced at the origin time of the earthquake is much smaller than coseismic signal of the waves. It can t be identified from the time series.In addition, the generation of coseismic electromagnetic signals can be explained by earthquake dynamo mechanism.Analysing and comparing the relationship between the seismic displacement and EM coseismic signals, the mechanism of EM coseismic signal generation appear to be driven by seismic waves.That is, the EM observation system set up in geomagnetic field moved with the ground motion so that the EM coseismic signals were produced.The observations of seismic displacement and electromagnetic signals verified it.
The measurement of electromagnetic field at two sites in Hanwang and Chouziba for monitoring aftershock series has been done in continuous observation after the M_s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008.The measurement was done in two periods.Recorded data covered 35 aftershocks with magnitude more than M_s4.0.Comparing with the seismic data recorded at Hanwang station for 15 events, the coseismic signal of aftershocks exists on all components of the magnetic and electric fields at two different sites.The EM coseismic signals arrived simultaneously with the seismic waves, but not at the origin time of the earthquake.The signal produced at the origin time of the earthquake is much smaller than coseismic signal of the waves. It can t be identified from the time series.In addition, the generation of coseismic electromagnetic signals can be explained by earthquake dynamo mechanism.Analysing and comparing the relationship between the seismic displacement and EM coseismic signals, the mechanism of EM coseismic signal generation appear to be driven by seismic waves.That is, the EM observation system set up in geomagnetic field moved with the ground motion so that the EM coseismic signals were produced.The observations of seismic displacement and electromagnetic signals verified it.
引文
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[4] Karakelian D,Beroza G C,Simon L.Analysis of Ultra low frequency electromagnetic field measurements associated with the 1999 M7． 1 Hector Mine earthquake sequence.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2002,92:1513～1524
[5] Ujihara N,Honkura Y,Ogawa Y.Electric and magnetic field variations arising from the seismic dynamo effect for aftershocks of the M7． 1 earthquake of 26 May 2003 off Miyagi Prefecture,NE Japan.Earth Planets Space,2004,56:115～123
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[7] 赵国泽,汤吉,邓前辉等.人工源超低频电磁波技术及在首都圈地区的测量研究.地学前缘,2003,10(增):248～257 Zhao G Z,Tang J,Deng Q H,et al.Artificial SLF method and the experimental study for earthquake monitoring in Beijing area.Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(Suppl.):248～257
[8] Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.Electromagnetic anomaly before earthquakes measured by electromagnetic experi- ments.Earthquake Science,2009,22:395～402
[9] 高曙德,汤吉,杜学彬等.汶川8． 0级地震前后电磁场的变化特征.地球物理学报,2010,53(3) :512～525 Gao S D,Tang J,Du X B,et al.The change characteristics of electromagnetic field from before to after Wenchuan M_s 8． 0 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(3) :512～525
[10] 黄清华,刘涛.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1745～1754 Huang Q H,Liu T.Earthquakes and tide response of geoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1745～1754
[11] 韩鹏,黄清华,修济刚.地磁日变与地震活动关系的主成分分析--以日本岩手县北部6． 1级地震为例.地球物理学报,2009,52(6) :1556～1563,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001 5733． 2009． 06． 017 Han P,Huang Q H,Xiu J G.Principal component analysis of geomagnetic diurnal variation associated with the earthquake:case study of the M_s 6． 1 Iwateken Nairiku Hokubu earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(6) :1556～1563,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.0001 5733． 2009． 06． 017
[12] 钱复业,赵璧如,钱卫等.2009年汶川8． 0级地震HRT波地震短临波动前兆及HRT波地震短临预测方法-关于实现强震短临预测可能性的讨论.中国科学D辑,39(1) :11～23 Qian F Y,Zhao B R,Qian W,et al.Impending HRT wave precursors to the Wenchuan M_s 8． 0 earthquake and methods of earthquake impeding prediction by using HRT wave.Science in China(D),2009,52(10) :1572～1584
[13] 丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎等.地震电磁前兆研究进展.电波科学学报,2006,21(5) :791～801 Ding J H,Shen X H,Pan W Y,et al.Seismo-electromag-netism precursor research progress.Chinese Journal of Radio Science(in Chinese),2006,21(5) :791～801
[14] 黄清华.地震电磁观测研究简述.国际地震动态,2005,11:2～5 Huang Q H.The state of the art in seismic electromagnetic Observation.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2005,11:2～5
[15] 赵国泽,陈小斌,汤吉.中国地球电磁法新进展和发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1171～1180 Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Tang J.Advanced geo-electromagnetic methods in China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(4) :1171～1180
[16] 汤吉,詹艳,王立凤等.5月12日汶川8． 0级地震强余震观测的电磁同震效应.地震地质,2008,30(3) :739～745 Tang J,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.Coseismic signal associated with aftershock of the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2008,30(3) :739～745
[17] 徐光晶,汤吉,陈小斌等.云南宁洱M_s 6． 4地震震后电磁效应.地震地质,31(2) :305～312 Xu G J,Tang J,Chen X B,et al.Electromagnetic effects associated with aftershock of the M_s 6． 4 Ning'er earthquake.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2008,31(2) :305～312
[18] Honkura Y,Isikara A M,Oshiman N,et al.Preliminary results of multidisciplinary observations before,during and after the Kocaeli(Izmit)earthquake in the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone.Earth Planets Space,2000,52:293～298
[19] Matsushima M,Honkura Y,Oshiman N,et al.Seismoelectromagnetic effect associated with the Izmit Earthquake and its aftershocks.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2002,92:350～360
[20] Haartsen M W,Pride S R.Electroseismic waves from point sources in layered media.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102:24745～24769
[21] 郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常.地震学报,2003,25(1) :102～111 Hao J Q,Qian S Q,Gao J T,et al.ULF electric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(1) :102～111
[22] 郭自强.地震低频电磁辐射研究.地球物理学报,1994,37(增刊1) :261～267 Guo Z Q.Investigation on low-frequency seismoelectroma-gnetic emission.Acta Geolphysica Sinica(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.1) :261～267
[23] 钱书清,任克新,吕 智.伴随岩石破裂的VLF,MF,HF和VHF电磁辐射特性的实验研究.地震学报,1998,18(3) :346～351 Qian S Q,Ren K X,Lu Z.Experimental study of the feature of VLF,MF,HF and VHF electromagnetic radiation accompanying rock fracture.Acta Seismological Sinica(in Chinese),1998,18(3) :346～351
[24] 曹惠馨,钱书清,吕 智.岩石破裂过程中超长波段的电、磁信号和声发射的实验研究.地震学报,1994,16(2) :235～241 Cao H X,Qian S Q,Lu Z.Experimental study of ultralong wave band electromagnetic signals and acoustic emission during rock fracture.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1994,16(2) :235～241
[25] 刘煜洲,刘因,王寅生等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的影响因素和机理.地震学报,1997,19(4) :418～425 Liu Y Z,Liu Y,Wang Y S,et al.The influenceing factors and mechanisms of the electromagnetic radiation during rock fracture.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1997,19(4) :418～425
[26] 许为民,童芜生,吴培稚.岩石破裂过程中电磁辐射的实验研究.地球物理学报,1985,28(2) :181～190 Xu W M,Tong W S,Wu P Z.Experimental study of electromagnetic emission during rock fracture.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),1985,28(2) :181～190
[27] 钱书清,陈智勇,李彦堂等.大同5． 5级地震前的电磁前兆信号.地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(1) :54～60 Qian S Q,Chen Z Y,Li Y T,et al.Electromagnetic signal before Datong M_s 6． 1 earthquake.Acta Seismological Sinica(in Chinese),1996,17(1) :54～60
[28] 张德齐,王盛飞,刘 福等.南黄海M_S 6． 1地震电磁辐射特征.地震学刊,1997,19(2) :23～26 Zhang Q D,Wang S F,Liu F,et al.The fractures of electromagnetic radiation before South Huanghai Sea M_s 6． 1 earthquake.Acta Seismological Sinica(in Chinese),1997,19(2) :23～26
[29] 黄清华.地震电磁信号传播的控制模拟实验.科学通报,2005,50(16) :1774～1778 Huang Q H.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),2005,50(17) :1956～1961
[30] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Experimental study on the propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)using a minigeographic model of the Taiwan strait.Episodes,1999,22(4) :289～294
[31] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment using electromagnetic waves.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1998,109(3-4) :107～114
[32] Huang Q H,Lin Y F.Selectivity of seismic electric signal(SES)of the 2000 Izu earthquake swarm:a 3D FEM numerical simulation model.Proc.Japan Acad.,2010,86(3) :257～264,doi:10． 2183/pjab.86． 257
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