新疆地区地壳S波速度结构及径向各向异性研究
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摘要
应用背景噪声层析成像方法对新疆地区地壳S波速度结构以及径向各向异性进行了研究。利用中国地震局数字地震台网和吉尔吉斯斯坦及哈萨克斯坦台网记录的2009年1月至9月的连续三分量背景噪声数据,对所有台站对之间进行互相关计算,通过时频分析和相位匹配技术得到了每个台站对8s到50s的群速度和相速度频散曲线,显示出明显的横向不均匀性,与研究区主要地质结构和构造单元具有良好的相关性。通过反演纯路径频散数据得到了地壳和上地幔顶部的S波速度结构和径向各向异性的结果;根据SH波和SV波速度结构差异得到研究区内的径向各向异性的分布特征;讨论了各向异性产生的机理。
Northwest China is an ideal site for studying the effects of mountain-basin coupling due to its complex topography and tectonic structure.In this study,we construct crustal shear wave velocity structure and radial anisotropy in the crust and uppermost mantle in the Xinjiang region by ambient noise seismic tomography.The data include 9months(2009January to 2009September)of three-component continuous data recorded at 74 seismic stations of the China Provincial Digital Seismic Networks and regional Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan Networks.Empirical Rayleigh and Love wave Green's functions are obtained from interstation cross-correlations.Group velocity and phase velocity dispersion curves between 8sand50 speriods are measured for each interstation path by applying the time-frequency analysis method with phase-matched processing.The group velocity and phase velocity maps show clear lateral variations that correlate well with major geological structures and tectonic units in the study regions.At short periods(<20s),the basins show low group velocity and phase velocity,and the eastern part of Tarim Basin displays relatively lower velocities than the western part.A small patch of high velocity is observed in the northwest part of Tarim Basin,indicating that the structure beneath Tarim Basin is not horizontally homogeneous.The orogenic belt shows high velocity.As the period increases,the imprint of the sedimentary layers diminish.At long periods(>30s),surface wave velocities are strongly influenced by crust thickness and shear velocities in the lower crust and uppermost mantle.High velocity is observed beneath the basins.In contrast,the Tianshan orogenic belt stands out as a low-velocity region.SV and SH wave velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle are inverted from Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion maps.Because of thick sedimentation in the basins,S-wave velocities of the Tarim and Junggar basins are relatively low at shallow depth,whereas S-wave velocities of the mountain area are high due to the widely appearance of magmatic rocks.In the middle and lower crust,the basins show clear features with high velocities,whereas the Tianshan orogenic belt shows those with low velocity.In addition,we compute the radial anisotropy by measuring the differences between SH wave and SV wave velocity.The Tianshan orogenic belt shows negative radial anisotropy,which reflects dominant vertical movement of the deep crustal materials during the process of crustal shortening and thickening beneath this belt.Western Tianshan displays stronger anisotropy than eastern Tianshan,which may be related to different blocking effects due to the Tarim Block.Positive radial anisotropy is a major characteristic of the Tarim Basin in the upper crust,and the velocity of the SH wave of horizontal polarization is faster than the SV wave of vertical polarization mainly due to the effects of the sedimentary layer.In the stable block,the radial anisotropy represents fossil anisotropy left in the latest large-scale tectonic movement.Because movement in the entire Tarim block resulted in mineral crystal arrangement dominated in the horizontal direction,the middle crust of the Tarim Basin shows positive radial anisotropy.
Northwest China is an ideal site for studying the effects of mountain-basin coupling due to its complex topography and tectonic structure.In this study,we construct crustal shear wave velocity structure and radial anisotropy in the crust and uppermost mantle in the Xinjiang region by ambient noise seismic tomography.The data include 9months(2009January to 2009September)of three-component continuous data recorded at 74 seismic stations of the China Provincial Digital Seismic Networks and regional Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan Networks.Empirical Rayleigh and Love wave Green's functions are obtained from interstation cross-correlations.Group velocity and phase velocity dispersion curves between 8sand50 speriods are measured for each interstation path by applying the time-frequency analysis method with phase-matched processing.The group velocity and phase velocity maps show clear lateral variations that correlate well with major geological structures and tectonic units in the study regions.At short periods(<20s),the basins show low group velocity and phase velocity,and the eastern part of Tarim Basin displays relatively lower velocities than the western part.A small patch of high velocity is observed in the northwest part of Tarim Basin,indicating that the structure beneath Tarim Basin is not horizontally homogeneous.The orogenic belt shows high velocity.As the period increases,the imprint of the sedimentary layers diminish.At long periods(>30s),surface wave velocities are strongly influenced by crust thickness and shear velocities in the lower crust and uppermost mantle.High velocity is observed beneath the basins.In contrast,the Tianshan orogenic belt stands out as a low-velocity region.SV and SH wave velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle are inverted from Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion maps.Because of thick sedimentation in the basins,S-wave velocities of the Tarim and Junggar basins are relatively low at shallow depth,whereas S-wave velocities of the mountain area are high due to the widely appearance of magmatic rocks.In the middle and lower crust,the basins show clear features with high velocities,whereas the Tianshan orogenic belt shows those with low velocity.In addition,we compute the radial anisotropy by measuring the differences between SH wave and SV wave velocity.The Tianshan orogenic belt shows negative radial anisotropy,which reflects dominant vertical movement of the deep crustal materials during the process of crustal shortening and thickening beneath this belt.Western Tianshan displays stronger anisotropy than eastern Tianshan,which may be related to different blocking effects due to the Tarim Block.Positive radial anisotropy is a major characteristic of the Tarim Basin in the upper crust,and the velocity of the SH wave of horizontal polarization is faster than the SV wave of vertical polarization mainly due to the effects of the sedimentary layer.In the stable block,the radial anisotropy represents fossil anisotropy left in the latest large-scale tectonic movement.Because movement in the entire Tarim block resulted in mineral crystal arrangement dominated in the horizontal direction,the middle crust of the Tarim Basin shows positive radial anisotropy.
引文
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[4]Mi N,Wang L S,Li H,et al.Velocity Structure of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle in the Boundary Area of the Tianshan Mountains and the Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(3):270-275.
[5]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He D F,Jia C Z,Li D S,et al.Formation and Evolution of Polycyclic Superiposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.(in Chinese)
[6]张冰,周铭,谭静,等.塔里木盆地及邻区Love波层析成像研究[J].地震工程学报.2013,35(4):893-900.ZHANG Bin,ZHOU Ming,TAN Jing,et al.Love Wave Tomography in the Tarim Basin and Its Adjacent Regions[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(4):893-900.(in Chinese)
[7]苏伟,彭艳菊,郑月军,等.青藏高原及其邻域地壳上地幔S波速度结构[J].地球学报,2002,23(3):1993-2000.Su W,Peng Y J,Zheng Y J,et al.Crust and Upper Mantle Shear Velocity Structure Beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Areas[J].Acta Gepscoemtoa Sinica,2002,23(3):1993-2000.(in Chinese)
[8]Sun X L,Song X D,Zheng S H,et al.Upper Mantle Beneath China from Ambient Noise Surface Wave Tomography[J].Earthquake Science,2010,23:449-463.
[9]Li H,Li S,Song X D,et al.Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Velocity Structure Beneath Northwestern China from Seismic Ambient Noise Tomography[J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,188(1):131-143.
[10]李强,刘瑞丰,杜安陆,等.新疆及其毗邻地区地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):311-319.Li Q,Liu R F,Du A L,et al.Seismic Tomography of Xinjiang and its Adjacent Areas[J].Chinese J Geophys,1994,37(2):311-319.(in Chinese)
[11]胥颐,刘福田,刘建华,等.中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像[J].中国科学:D辑,2000,30(2):113-122.Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu H J,et al.Seismic Tomography of Orogenic Belt and its Adjacent Basins of Northwest China[J].Science China:D,2000,30(2):113-122.(in Chinese)
[12]XU Yi,LIU Fu-tian,LIU Jian-hua,et al.Crust and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath Western China from P wave Traval Time Tomography[J].Geophysical Research,2002,107(10):2220.
[13]郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉,等.中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1693-1700.Guo B,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Seismic Tomography of the Crust and Upper Mantle Structure Underneath the Chinese Tianshan[J].Chinese J Geophys,2006,49(6):1673-1700.(in Chinese)
[14]李秋生,卢德源,高锐,等.新疆地学断面(泉水沟—独山子)深地震测深成果综合研究[J].地球学报,2001,22(6):534-540.Li Q S,Lu D Y,Gao R,et al.An Integrated of Deep Seismic Sounding Profiling Along Xingjiang Global Geosciences Transect(Quanshuigou-Dushanzi)[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,22(6):534-540.(in Chinese)
[15]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等.西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报.2002,21(1):11-18.Gao R,Xiao X C,Gao H,et al.Deep Lithospheric Sesimic Exploration of West Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2002,21(1):11-18.(in Chinese)
[16]高原,藤吉文.中国大陆地壳与上地幔地震各向异性研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):180-185.Gao Y,Teng J W.Studies on Seismic Anisotropy in the Curst and Mantle on Chinese Mainland[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):180-185.(in Chinese)
[17]张丽芬,姚云生,廖武林,等.湖北地区上地幔各向异性及其动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):35-43.Zhang L F,Yao Y S,Liao W L,et al.Research on the Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy Beneath Hubei and its Geodynamic Implication[J].Chinese J Geophys,2011,54(1):35-43.(in Chinese)
[18]冯强强,吴庆举,李永华,等.新疆地区S波分裂研究[J].地震学报,2012,34(3):296-307.FENG Q Q,WU Q J,Li Y H,et al.Shear Wave Splitting in Xinjiang Region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica.2012,34(3):296-307.(in Chinese)
[19]吴萍萍,王椿镛,丁志峰,等.大别—苏鲁及邻区上地幔的各向异性[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(8):2539-2550.Wu P P,WANG C Y,Ding Z F,et a1.Seismic Anisotropy of Upper Mantle Beneath the Dabie-Sulu and its Adjacent areas[J].Chinese J Geophys,2012,55(8):2539-2550.(in Chinese)
[20]常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰,等.青藏高原东北缘上地幔各向异性研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):431-438.CHANG L J,WANG C Y,DING Z F,et al.Seismic Anisotropy of Upper Mantle in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,51(2):431-438.(in Chinese)
[21]王琼,高原,石玉涛,等.青藏高原东北缘上地幔地震各向异性:来自SKS、PKS和SKKS震相分裂的证据[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(3):892-905.Wang Q,Gao Y,Shi Y T,et al.Seismic Anisotropy in the Uppermost Mantle Beneath the Northeastern Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Evidence from Shear wave Splitting of SKS,PKS and SKKS[J].Chinese J Geophys,2013,56(3):892-905.(in Chinese)
[22]彭艳菊,黄忠贤,苏伟,等.中国大陆及邻区海域地壳上地幔各向异性研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):752-759.Peng Y J,Huang Z X,Su W,et al.Anisotropy in Crust and Uper Mantle Beneath China Continent and its Adjacent Seas[J].Chinese J Geophys,2007.50(3):752-759.(in Chinese)
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