Science:薄且软弱断层带的危险
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摘要
<正>海洋钻孔数据表明,2011年日本东北地震巨大的切开海沟的破裂是沿着一条薄且软弱的断裂带发生的。在2011年3月11日的日本东北地震中,为什么日本海沟板块边界断层滑动了数十米进而引发了毁灭性的海啸?在断层的浅部位置发生巨大错动是属于俯冲带的一般过程,还是反映了该场地特有的地质情况?利
引文
[1]Chester M F,Rowe C,Ujiie K,et al.Structure and composition of the plate-boundary slip zone for the2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Science,2013,342:1208-1211
[2]Fulton P M,Brodsky E E,Kano Y,et al.Low coseismic friction on the Tohoku-Oki fault determined from temperature measurements.Science,2013,342:1214-1217
[3]Ujiie K,Tanaka H,Saito T,et al.Low coseismic shear stress on the Tohoku-Oki megathrust determined from laboratory experiments.Science,2013,342:1211-1214
[4]Hu Y,Wang K.Coseismic strengthening of the shallow portion of the subduction fault and its effects on wedge taper.J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113,B12411.doi:10.1029/2008JB005724
[5]Hsu Y J,Simons M,Avouac J P,et al.Frictional afterslip following the 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake,Sumatra.Science,2006,312:1921-1926
[6]Kozdon J E,Dunham E M.Rupture to the trench:Dynamic rupture simulations of the 11 March 2011Tohoku earthquake.Bull.Seis.Soc.Amer.,2013,103(2B):1275-1289
[7]Noda H,Lapusta N.Stable creeping fault segments can become destructive as a result of dynamic weakening.Nature,2013,493:518-521
[8]Toro G Di,Han R,Hirose T,et al.Fault lubrication during earthquakes.Nature,2011,471:494-498
[9]Rowe C D,Moore J C,Remitti F,et al.The thickness of subduction plate boundary faults from the seafloor into the seismogenic zone.Geology,2013,41:991-994
[10]Shipton Z K,Evans J P,Abercrombie R E,et al.Earthquakes:Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting∥Abercrombie R,ed.Geophysical Monograph Series 170.American Geophysical Union,Washington,DC,2006:217-222
[11]Lin W,Conin M,Moore J C,et al.Stress state in the largest displacement area of the 2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Science,2013,339:687-690
[12]A Hasegawa A,Yoshida K,Asano Y,et al.Change in stress field after the 2011great Tohoku-oki earthquake.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2012,355-356:231-243
[13]Wang K,Suyehiro K.How does plate coupling affect crustal stresses in northeast and southwest Japan?Geophys.Res.Lett.,1999,26(15):2307-2310
[14]Obana K,Kodaira S,Shinohara M,et al.Aftershocks near the updip end of the 2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2013,382:111-116
[2]Fulton P M,Brodsky E E,Kano Y,et al.Low coseismic friction on the Tohoku-Oki fault determined from temperature measurements.Science,2013,342:1214-1217
[3]Ujiie K,Tanaka H,Saito T,et al.Low coseismic shear stress on the Tohoku-Oki megathrust determined from laboratory experiments.Science,2013,342:1211-1214
[4]Hu Y,Wang K.Coseismic strengthening of the shallow portion of the subduction fault and its effects on wedge taper.J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113,B12411.doi:10.1029/2008JB005724
[5]Hsu Y J,Simons M,Avouac J P,et al.Frictional afterslip following the 2005 Nias-Simeulue earthquake,Sumatra.Science,2006,312:1921-1926
[6]Kozdon J E,Dunham E M.Rupture to the trench:Dynamic rupture simulations of the 11 March 2011Tohoku earthquake.Bull.Seis.Soc.Amer.,2013,103(2B):1275-1289
[7]Noda H,Lapusta N.Stable creeping fault segments can become destructive as a result of dynamic weakening.Nature,2013,493:518-521
[8]Toro G Di,Han R,Hirose T,et al.Fault lubrication during earthquakes.Nature,2011,471:494-498
[9]Rowe C D,Moore J C,Remitti F,et al.The thickness of subduction plate boundary faults from the seafloor into the seismogenic zone.Geology,2013,41:991-994
[10]Shipton Z K,Evans J P,Abercrombie R E,et al.Earthquakes:Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting∥Abercrombie R,ed.Geophysical Monograph Series 170.American Geophysical Union,Washington,DC,2006:217-222
[11]Lin W,Conin M,Moore J C,et al.Stress state in the largest displacement area of the 2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Science,2013,339:687-690
[12]A Hasegawa A,Yoshida K,Asano Y,et al.Change in stress field after the 2011great Tohoku-oki earthquake.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2012,355-356:231-243
[13]Wang K,Suyehiro K.How does plate coupling affect crustal stresses in northeast and southwest Japan?Geophys.Res.Lett.,1999,26(15):2307-2310
[14]Obana K,Kodaira S,Shinohara M,et al.Aftershocks near the updip end of the 2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2013,382:111-116
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