极震区震后泥石流物源特征研究
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摘要
汶川地震后,极震区产生了大量的崩滑堆积体、震裂岩体及震动松弛覆盖层,极震区震后泥石流物源的产生及汇集方式发生了极大的变化,但缺乏震后特殊条件下动储量的计算方法。在实际调查统计"5·12"极震区安县高川乡多条泥石沟物源的基础上,总结了极震区震后泥石流的形成过程及启动方式。分析得出,震后泥石流物源量与沟域面积、高程放大效应、断层运动方式、地质岩性条件及地形条件等因素有关,其中沟域面积、沟顶高程及沟道与发震断裂的距离为主控影响因子。在此基础上,提出了"地震高程指数放大经验模型";通过多元统计拟合法首次得出了震后泥石流动储量与流域面积、高差的计算关系,并通过地震距离修正得出极震区震后泥石流的动储量计算公式,为震后泥石流动储量估算及工程治理提供参考。
After the Wenchuan earthquake,a great deal of slumping mass,shattered rock and the soil with loose surface were formed. The formation and accumulation way of the post-seismic provenance of debris flows in the meizoseismal area had a great changes,it is still lack of methods to calculate dynamic reserves in special conditions after earthquakes. On the basis of the field work of investigating and counting provenance features of several debris flows gullies in Gaochuan Village,An County in Sichuan Province,the meizoseimal area of Wenchuan earthquake,we summarized in this essay the formation process and start methods of post-seismic debris flows in the meizoseimal area.Through analysis,we also drawn the conclusion that the provenance amount of debris flows after the earthquake is related to the gully's area,elevation amplification effect,movement pattern of fault,geological lithology and topography,and the gully's area,the elevation of the gully top and the distance between the gully and seismogenic fault are key factors. Under that condition,we propose the ‘empirical model on seismic elevation index amplification'. And this is the first time through multivariate statistics fitting method to figure out the calculation relationships of post-seismic dynamic reserves of debris flows with the drainage area and the altitude difference. We also obtain formula about dynamic reserves of debris flow through the seismic distance modification. It provides a refevence to estimation of post-seismic dynamic reserves of debris flowss and engineering prevention and control.
After the Wenchuan earthquake,a great deal of slumping mass,shattered rock and the soil with loose surface were formed. The formation and accumulation way of the post-seismic provenance of debris flows in the meizoseismal area had a great changes,it is still lack of methods to calculate dynamic reserves in special conditions after earthquakes. On the basis of the field work of investigating and counting provenance features of several debris flows gullies in Gaochuan Village,An County in Sichuan Province,the meizoseimal area of Wenchuan earthquake,we summarized in this essay the formation process and start methods of post-seismic debris flows in the meizoseimal area.Through analysis,we also drawn the conclusion that the provenance amount of debris flows after the earthquake is related to the gully's area,elevation amplification effect,movement pattern of fault,geological lithology and topography,and the gully's area,the elevation of the gully top and the distance between the gully and seismogenic fault are key factors. Under that condition,we propose the ‘empirical model on seismic elevation index amplification'. And this is the first time through multivariate statistics fitting method to figure out the calculation relationships of post-seismic dynamic reserves of debris flows with the drainage area and the altitude difference. We also obtain formula about dynamic reserves of debris flow through the seismic distance modification. It provides a refevence to estimation of post-seismic dynamic reserves of debris flowss and engineering prevention and control.
引文
[1]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.HUANG Runqiu.Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[2]Newmark N M.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique 1965,15(2):139-160.
[3]冯文凯,黄润秋,许强.地震波效应与山体斜坡震裂机理深入分析[J].西北地震学报,2011,3(1):20-25.FENG Wenkai,HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang.In-depth analysis of the seismic wave effect and slope shattered mechanism[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,3(1):20-25.(in Chinese)
[4]吴雨夫.地震对泥石流暴发的临界降雨条件影响的初步研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2012.WU Yufu.Preliminary Study on Effects of Earthquake in Critical Rainfall Conditions of Debris Flow[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[5]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,12(6):751-758.TANG Chuan,LIANG Jingtao.Character istics of debris flows in Beichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake triggered by rainstorm on September 24,2008[J].Journal of engineering geology,2008,12(6):2008,12(6):751-758.(in Chinese)
[6]孙蔚,董云.堵江滑坡坝的溃坝方式模拟与环境效应分析[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(4):72-77.SUN Wei,DONG Yun.Simulation of dam-bursting mode and environmental effect analysis of river-blocking landslide dam,2008,17(4):72-77.(in Chinese)
[7]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,8(16):2792-2797.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,LIU Chunling,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope under earthauake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,8(16):2792-2797.(in Chinese)
[8]邹威.强震作用下均质斜坡动力响应的大型振动台试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.ZOU Wei.Large-scale Shaking Table Test on Dynamic Response of Homogenuous Slopes Under the Effect of Strong Earthquake[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese)
[9]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,12(6):730-741.HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of the largest scale landlide at Daguangbao occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,12(6):730-741.(in Chinese)
[10]黄润秋,林峰,陈德基,等.岩质高边坡卸荷带形成及其工程性状研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,09(03):227-232.HUANG Runqiu,LIN Feng,CHEN Deji,et al.Formation mechanism of unloading fracture zone of high slopes and its engineering behaviors[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(3):227-232.(in Chinese)
[11]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,6(6):1239-1249.HUANG Runqiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,6(6):1239-1249.(in Chinese)
[12]乔建平,黄栋,杨宗佶,等.汶川地震极震区泥石流物源动储量统计方法讨论[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,6(2):1-6.QIAO Jianping,HUANG Dong,YANG Zongji,et al.Statistical method on dynamic reserve of debris flow’s source m aterials in m eizoseismal area of Wenchuan earthquake region[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2012,6(2):1-6.(in Chinese)
[2]Newmark N M.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique 1965,15(2):139-160.
[3]冯文凯,黄润秋,许强.地震波效应与山体斜坡震裂机理深入分析[J].西北地震学报,2011,3(1):20-25.FENG Wenkai,HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang.In-depth analysis of the seismic wave effect and slope shattered mechanism[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,3(1):20-25.(in Chinese)
[4]吴雨夫.地震对泥石流暴发的临界降雨条件影响的初步研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2012.WU Yufu.Preliminary Study on Effects of Earthquake in Critical Rainfall Conditions of Debris Flow[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[5]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,12(6):751-758.TANG Chuan,LIANG Jingtao.Character istics of debris flows in Beichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake triggered by rainstorm on September 24,2008[J].Journal of engineering geology,2008,12(6):2008,12(6):751-758.(in Chinese)
[6]孙蔚,董云.堵江滑坡坝的溃坝方式模拟与环境效应分析[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(4):72-77.SUN Wei,DONG Yun.Simulation of dam-bursting mode and environmental effect analysis of river-blocking landslide dam,2008,17(4):72-77.(in Chinese)
[7]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,8(16):2792-2797.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,LIU Chunling,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope under earthauake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,8(16):2792-2797.(in Chinese)
[8]邹威.强震作用下均质斜坡动力响应的大型振动台试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.ZOU Wei.Large-scale Shaking Table Test on Dynamic Response of Homogenuous Slopes Under the Effect of Strong Earthquake[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese)
[9]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,12(6):730-741.HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of the largest scale landlide at Daguangbao occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,12(6):730-741.(in Chinese)
[10]黄润秋,林峰,陈德基,等.岩质高边坡卸荷带形成及其工程性状研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,09(03):227-232.HUANG Runqiu,LIN Feng,CHEN Deji,et al.Formation mechanism of unloading fracture zone of high slopes and its engineering behaviors[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(3):227-232.(in Chinese)
[11]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,6(6):1239-1249.HUANG Runqiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,6(6):1239-1249.(in Chinese)
[12]乔建平,黄栋,杨宗佶,等.汶川地震极震区泥石流物源动储量统计方法讨论[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,6(2):1-6.QIAO Jianping,HUANG Dong,YANG Zongji,et al.Statistical method on dynamic reserve of debris flow’s source m aterials in m eizoseismal area of Wenchuan earthquake region[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2012,6(2):1-6.(in Chinese)
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