古代震灾及政府应对措施——以西汉关中地区为例
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摘要
探讨西汉关中地区地震灾害发生的特点,及政府的应对措施。运用历史文献的整理、分析与考证的方法,统计出西汉230年共发生25次的震灾。研究结果表明西汉关中地震具有明显的时段性,连续性地震偏多,地震的破坏力较大,而且震旱存在一定程度的耦合性。对于关中发生的震灾,政府主要从3个方面应对:地震征兆的研究、灾后的赈贷及减灾重建措施、禳灾措施。西汉政府在关中的震灾应对是积极的,循行天下、赈贷灾民、蠲免田租等,同时还有一些禳灾措施,这些措施各有利弊,对我们现在的抗震减灾也有一定程度的启发。
To discuss the countermeasures of Guanzhong( 关中) earthquakes disasters in Xihan dynasty. By analyzing earthquake data of Xihan Dynasty in Guanzhong,it shows that there were 25 earthquakes between206 B. C. to 24 A. D. The characteristics of these earthquakes: first,they had obvious stages; second,they were continuous; third,they were destructive; forth,they occurred coupling with drought. In Guanzhong,the government responded to earthquakes disaster actively. When earthquakes occurred,the measures included relieving and providing the people in stricken areas,reducing or remitting tax,and practicing strict economy. At the same time,Xihan Dynasty averted disasters by prayers. Those earthquakes disaster countermeasures were beneficial and harmful in different aspects,which can offer a good deal of enlightenment.
To discuss the countermeasures of Guanzhong( 关中) earthquakes disasters in Xihan dynasty. By analyzing earthquake data of Xihan Dynasty in Guanzhong,it shows that there were 25 earthquakes between206 B. C. to 24 A. D. The characteristics of these earthquakes: first,they had obvious stages; second,they were continuous; third,they were destructive; forth,they occurred coupling with drought. In Guanzhong,the government responded to earthquakes disaster actively. When earthquakes occurred,the measures included relieving and providing the people in stricken areas,reducing or remitting tax,and practicing strict economy. At the same time,Xihan Dynasty averted disasters by prayers. Those earthquakes disaster countermeasures were beneficial and harmful in different aspects,which can offer a good deal of enlightenment.
引文
[1]吴忠良.地震学简史[M].北京:地震出版社,1989:3.
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[5]范文.陕西地区地震动衰减关系研究[J].地震工程与工程震动,2011(4):22-28.
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[8]吕卓民.自然灾害与农业生产——以明代西北地区为例[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(2):323-328,338.
[2]宋立胜.陕西省志·地震志[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[3]陈业新.地震与汉代荒政[J].中南民族学院学报(社会科学版),1997(3):88-91.
[4]张伯声,王战.地震同地壳波浪状镶嵌构造关系初探——着重探讨陕西地震活动的规律[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),1980,10(3):1-26,28.
[5]范文.陕西地区地震动衰减关系研究[J].地震工程与工程震动,2011(4):22-28.
[6]楼宝棠.中国古今地震灾情总汇[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[7]仇立慧.历史时期关中地区地震灾害及其对城市影响研究[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版),2007,10(3):10-13.
[8]吕卓民.自然灾害与农业生产——以明代西北地区为例[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(2):323-328,338.
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