利用高频GPS反演强震面波震级的最优适用范围探讨
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摘要
通过解算2010-04-04El Mayor-Cucapah Mw7.2地震的高频(1Hz)GPS数据,获取测站的动态位移,并根据Gutenberg经验震级公式反演面波震级,探索高频GPS反演震级的最优适用范围。结果表明,当高频GPS测站震中距分布于50~350km时,利用其水平位移峰值反演得到的面波震级为7.21,与美国USGS公布的震级Mw7.2一致;但当震中距>350km时,高频GPS相对于强震仪位移峰值存在"上漂现象",反演得到的震级为7.6~8.0。建议利用高频GPS建立经验模型反演强震面波震级时,应考虑其适用范围。
High-rate(1Hz)GPS data from the 2010Mw7.2El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake are used to analyze ground motion characteristics,estimate surface wave magnitude by the empirical equation that Gutenberg deduced in 1945,and research the application scope in earthquake magnitude.The results show that for GPS sites within 50-350 km of the epicenter,using its peak displacement,the surface wave magnitude is 7.21,which is consistent with USGS reported Mw7.2.Using sites of epicentral distance greater than 350 km,the magnitude values are within 7.6to 8.0,which is much larger than Mw7.2.So we suggest that when establishing an empirical model of inversion surface wave magnitude with high-rate GPS,its application scope should be considered.
High-rate(1Hz)GPS data from the 2010Mw7.2El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake are used to analyze ground motion characteristics,estimate surface wave magnitude by the empirical equation that Gutenberg deduced in 1945,and research the application scope in earthquake magnitude.The results show that for GPS sites within 50-350 km of the epicenter,using its peak displacement,the surface wave magnitude is 7.21,which is consistent with USGS reported Mw7.2.Using sites of epicentral distance greater than 350 km,the magnitude values are within 7.6to 8.0,which is much larger than Mw7.2.So we suggest that when establishing an empirical model of inversion surface wave magnitude with high-rate GPS,its application scope should be considered.
引文
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[13]Li M,Huang D F,Yan L,Chen W F,et al.Quasi-Real Time Determination of 2013Lushan Mw 6.6Earthquake Epicenter,Trigger Time and Magnitude Using 50 Hz GPS Observations[C].China Satellite Navigation Conference(CSNC),2014
[2]张小红,郭斐,郭博峰,等.利用高频GPS进行地表同震位移监测及震相识别[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1 912-1 918(Zhang Xiaohong,Guo Fei,Guo Bofeng,et al.Coseismic Displacement Monitoring and Wave Picking with High-frequency GPS[J].Chinese Journal of Geophys,2012,55(6):1 912-1 918)
[3]方荣新.高采样率GPS数据非差精密处理方法及其在地震学中的应用研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2010(Fang Rongxin.High-Rate GPS Data Non-difference Precise Processing and Its Application on Seismology[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2010)
[4]Andria B,Cassidy J F,Larson K M.GPS Seismology:Application to the 2002 Mw7.9Denali Fault Earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2008,98(2):593-606
[5]Crowell B W,Bock Y,Squibb M B.Demonstration of Earthquake Early Warning Using Total Displacement Waveforms from Real-Time GPS Networks[J].Seismol Res Lett,2009,80(5):772-782
[6]殷海涛,张培震,甘卫军,等.高频GPS测定的汶川Ms8.0级地震震时近场地表变形过程[J].科学通报,2010,55(26):2 621-2 626(Yin Haitao,Zhang Peizhen,Gan Weijun,et al.Near-Field Surface Movement during the Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake Measured by High-Rate GPS[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(26):2 621-2 626)
[7]孟国杰,任金卫,金红林,等.GPS高频数据处理方法及其在地震学中的应用研究[J].国际地震动态,2007,343(7):26-31(Meng Guojie,Ren Jinwei,Jin Honglin,et al.Data Processing Methods of High-Rate GPS and Its Application to Seismology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2007,343(7):26-31)
[8]Blewitt G,Kreemer C,Hammond W C,et al.Rapid Determination of Earthquake Magnitude Using GPS for Tsunami Warning Systems[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,33:L113099
[9]Allen R M,Ziv A.Application of Real-Time GPS to Earthquake Early Warning[J].Geophys Res Lett,2006,38:L16310
[10]方荣新,施闯,王广兴,等.利用高频GPS确定大地震震中和震级研究:2008年汶川8.0级地震应用结果[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44:90-97(Fang Rongxin,Shi Chuang,Wang Guangxing,et al.Epicenter and Magnitude of Large Earthquake Determined from High-Rate GPS Observations:A Case Study of the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan[J].Earthquake Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,44:90-97)
[11]Fang R X,Shi C,Song W W,et al.Determination of Earthquake Magnitude Using GPS Displacement Waveforms from Real-time Precise Point Positioning[J].Geophysical Journal International,2014,196(1):462-471
[12]Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New Empirical Relationships Among Magnitude,Rupture Length,Rupture Width,Rupture Area and Surface Displacement[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1994,84(4):974-1 002
[13]Li M,Huang D F,Yan L,Chen W F,et al.Quasi-Real Time Determination of 2013Lushan Mw 6.6Earthquake Epicenter,Trigger Time and Magnitude Using 50 Hz GPS Observations[C].China Satellite Navigation Conference(CSNC),2014
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