基于NDVI的汶川大地震前后北川县次生地质灾害区植被破坏评估
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摘要
选取北川县"5.12"大地震前后2个时相的遥感数据,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)提取2期影像的植被信息,以此为基础,反演植被覆盖度,采用破坏指数DDI(the damage degree index)表示3种灾害类型区域震后植被破坏情况。结果表明:1)研究区内共解译滑坡103处,崩塌122处,泥石流10处,灾害面积共计17.5 km2,震前85%以上区域处于中植被覆盖度以上级别,震后中植被覆盖度以上级别土地面积减少8.01 km2,占灾害区域总面积的45.77%;2)滑坡区域植被破坏程度相对较低,中度及重度破坏的面积占总灾害面积的68.66%,崩塌区域植被破坏程度次之,中度及重度破坏的面积占总灾害面积的88.15%,泥石流区域的植被破坏最彻底,中度及重度破坏的面积占总灾害面积的99.74%;3)植被破坏与海拔、坡度有一定关系,破坏较严重的地区主要集中在海拔611～1 543 m、坡度25°～45°范围内,植被破坏主要集中在重度破坏这一级别,并随海拔、坡度增加而增加,植被破坏与坡向关系不大。
This study selected two phases remote sensing images before and after Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th,2008 in Beichuan County.The two images before and after the earthquake was obtained to extract vegetation covering information using normalization difference vegetation index(NDVI),and NDVI was used to estimate vegetation coverage.Then the damage degree index(DDI) of the vegetation was defined,indicating the difference of the normalized difference vegetation index before and after earthquake.The results showed that: 1) 103 landslides,122 collapses and 10 mudslides were interpreted from Formosat-2 image taken after Wenchuan Earthquake,and the area of disaster was 17.5 km2.The area of medium vegetation coverage status was 85% before the earthquake,and it reduced by 8.01 km2 after the earthquake,which accounted for 45.77% of the whole area of disaster.2) The vegetation damage was relative less serious in landslides regions,where moderate and severe damage vegetation occupied 68.66% of the whole area.The vegetation damage was modest in collapses regions,where moderate and severe damage vegetation occupied 88.15% of the whole area.Most vegetation damage occurred in mudslides regions,where moderate and severe damage vegetation occupied 99.74% of the whole area.3) The vegetation damage was closely related to the elevation and slope grade,which was prone to occur at the elevation of 611-1 543 m and slope grade of 25°-45°regions.The vegetation damage was worse,most of which were severe damage with a decreasing trend along with elevation and slope grade increasing,but weakly related to the aspect factor.
This study selected two phases remote sensing images before and after Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th,2008 in Beichuan County.The two images before and after the earthquake was obtained to extract vegetation covering information using normalization difference vegetation index(NDVI),and NDVI was used to estimate vegetation coverage.Then the damage degree index(DDI) of the vegetation was defined,indicating the difference of the normalized difference vegetation index before and after earthquake.The results showed that: 1) 103 landslides,122 collapses and 10 mudslides were interpreted from Formosat-2 image taken after Wenchuan Earthquake,and the area of disaster was 17.5 km2.The area of medium vegetation coverage status was 85% before the earthquake,and it reduced by 8.01 km2 after the earthquake,which accounted for 45.77% of the whole area of disaster.2) The vegetation damage was relative less serious in landslides regions,where moderate and severe damage vegetation occupied 68.66% of the whole area.The vegetation damage was modest in collapses regions,where moderate and severe damage vegetation occupied 88.15% of the whole area.Most vegetation damage occurred in mudslides regions,where moderate and severe damage vegetation occupied 99.74% of the whole area.3) The vegetation damage was closely related to the elevation and slope grade,which was prone to occur at the elevation of 611-1 543 m and slope grade of 25°-45°regions.The vegetation damage was worse,most of which were severe damage with a decreasing trend along with elevation and slope grade increasing,but weakly related to the aspect factor.
引文
[1]国家减灾委员会-科学技术部抗震救灾专家组.汶川地震灾害综合分析与评估[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2008:90-120
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[13]唐川,齐信,丁军,等.汶川地震高烈度区暴雨滑坡活动的遥感动态分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2010,35(2):317-323
[14]孙瑜.基于遥感技术的5.12震后北川县山地灾害分布规律研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010:13-15
[15]北川县志编纂委员会.北川县志[M].北京:方志出版社,1996:100-107
[16]党安荣,王晓栋.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:69-80
[17]吴秀芹,张洪岩.ArcGIS9地理信息系统应用于实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:138-145
[18]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:254-272
[19]王平,王殿琦.飞向汶川:5.12地震灾害航空遥感调查[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:68-111
[20]贾宝全,邱尔发,张红旗.基于归一化植被指数的西安市域植被变化[J].林业科学,2012,48(10):6-12
[21]刘淼,秦大庸,刘家宏,等.基于NDVI的山西省植被覆盖度变化研究[J].人民黄河,2009,31(5):17-18
[22]GB50433—2008开发建设项目水土保持技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008:16-17
[2]朱忠礼,刘希林,尚志海.四川省北川县赵家沟地震次生泥石流形成条件分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):57-62
[3]范建容,张建强,田兵伟,等.汶川地震次生灾害毁坏耕地的遥感快速评估方法:以北川县唐家山地区为例[J].遥感学报,2008,12(6):917-924
[4]王猛,王军,江煜,等.汶川地震灾区北川县地震地质灾害遥感调查与分析[C].中国遥感应用协会2010年会暨区域遥感发展与产业搞成论坛论文集,2010:249-255
[5]黄庭,张志,谷延群,等.基于遥感和GIS技术的北川县地震次生地质灾害分布特征[J].遥感学报,2009,13(1):177-182
[6]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592
[7]程思思,甘甫平,刘钦甫,等.CBERS-2B星数据在“5.12”地震滑坡调查中的应用:以唐家山至北川县城堵江河道滑坡为例[J].国土资源遥感,2009(1):93-96
[8]王根龙,张军慧,刘红帅.汶川地震北川县城地质灾害调查与初步分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(3):47-51
[9]王志一,甘甫平,李贤庆,等.CBERS-2B星数据在“5.12”地震灾害监测中的应用:以唐家山堰塞湖动态监测为例[J].国土资源遥感,2009(1):89-92
[10]王芳,杨武年,刘汉湖,等.基于混合像元线性分解的5.12地震后汶川县由地质灾害导致的植被覆盖度变化研究[C].International Conference on Remote Sens-ing,2010:310-314
[11]倪忠云,何政伟,赵银兵,等.汶川地震前后都江堰植被盖度变化的遥感研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(4):45-48
[12]Yang Cunjian,Ren Xiaolan,Huang He.The vegetationdamage assessment of the Wenchuan earthquake of May2008 using remote sensing and GIS[J].Nature Hazards,2012,62:45-55
[13]唐川,齐信,丁军,等.汶川地震高烈度区暴雨滑坡活动的遥感动态分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2010,35(2):317-323
[14]孙瑜.基于遥感技术的5.12震后北川县山地灾害分布规律研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010:13-15
[15]北川县志编纂委员会.北川县志[M].北京:方志出版社,1996:100-107
[16]党安荣,王晓栋.ERDAS IMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:69-80
[17]吴秀芹,张洪岩.ArcGIS9地理信息系统应用于实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:138-145
[18]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:254-272
[19]王平,王殿琦.飞向汶川:5.12地震灾害航空遥感调查[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:68-111
[20]贾宝全,邱尔发,张红旗.基于归一化植被指数的西安市域植被变化[J].林业科学,2012,48(10):6-12
[21]刘淼,秦大庸,刘家宏,等.基于NDVI的山西省植被覆盖度变化研究[J].人民黄河,2009,31(5):17-18
[22]GB50433—2008开发建设项目水土保持技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008:16-17
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