汶川地震对北京公众灾害认知的影响
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摘要
通过对北京702名公众进行问卷调查,了解其在汶川地震前后灾害认知的变化及对风险沟通的看法,经过赋分计算及相关分析,结果显示:被调查公众对汶川灾害高度关注,电视、网络是公众获取信息最主要的渠道;被调查者所掌握的灾害应急避险知识水平低,而且在地震后这一情况没有得到改善,但是减灾意识及行为倾向有所改善。样本个体的教育水平、性别、灾害经历,对其灾害认知有影响。基于调查结果,提出的风险沟通建议:官方媒体作为公众重要且信赖的信息来源,其报道的内容应起到引导公众思考构建减灾知识及技能体系的重要作用;根据被调查者的意愿,北京应加强受众广、发生较为频繁的几类灾害(沙尘暴、雪灾、涝灾)的宣教。
A questionnaire survey of 702 people in Beijing was conducted in order to investigate the change of the disaster cognition of the public and their views on risk communication after the 2008,Wenchuan,Sichuan,MS8.0 earthquake.Through score calculation and correlation analysis,we got the following conclusions.Firstly,respondents paid high attention to Wenchuan Earthquake,and the media they mainly depended on were TV and internet.Secondly,the respondents' knowledge of disaster emergency and disaster prevention was limited and it did not improved after the Earthquake.On the other hand,their disaster-prevention awareness and behavior tendency were improved.Thirdly,the individual characteristics of respondents such as education level,gender,and experience of disaster would have effect on their cognition of natural disasters.Based on the survey,we propose the suggestion of risk communication.On one hand,the official media,as the trustful and important information source of the public,should report something that could make the public recognize the importance to construct the system of the understandings and the skills of the disaster-prevention.On the other hand,according to the respondents' suggestion,the government should enhance publicity of the severe disasters frequently-occurred in Beijing,such as the sandstorm,the snowstorm,and the floods.
A questionnaire survey of 702 people in Beijing was conducted in order to investigate the change of the disaster cognition of the public and their views on risk communication after the 2008,Wenchuan,Sichuan,MS8.0 earthquake.Through score calculation and correlation analysis,we got the following conclusions.Firstly,respondents paid high attention to Wenchuan Earthquake,and the media they mainly depended on were TV and internet.Secondly,the respondents' knowledge of disaster emergency and disaster prevention was limited and it did not improved after the Earthquake.On the other hand,their disaster-prevention awareness and behavior tendency were improved.Thirdly,the individual characteristics of respondents such as education level,gender,and experience of disaster would have effect on their cognition of natural disasters.Based on the survey,we propose the suggestion of risk communication.On one hand,the official media,as the trustful and important information source of the public,should report something that could make the public recognize the importance to construct the system of the understandings and the skills of the disaster-prevention.On the other hand,according to the respondents' suggestion,the government should enhance publicity of the severe disasters frequently-occurred in Beijing,such as the sandstorm,the snowstorm,and the floods.
引文
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张宁.2006.公众认知:公共危机信息传播管理的视角[J].思想战线,32(6):24-28.
朱智贤.1989.心理学大词典[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
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Diekm A B,Eagly A H.2000.Stereotypes as dynamic constructs:Womenand men of the past,present,and future[J].Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin,26(10):1171-1188.
Holden C.2005.Sex and the Suffering Brain[J].Science,308(5728):1574.
Lundeberg M A,Fox P W,Puncochar J.1994.Highly Confident butWrong:Gender Differences and Similarities in Confidence Judgments[J].Journal of Educational Psychology,86(1):114-121.
Slovic P.1986.Information and Education About Risk[J].Risk Analysis,6(4):177-187.
Slovic P.1987.Perception of Risk[J].Risk Analysis,236(17):280-285.
刘心.2010.受众心理的性别差异对新闻报道的影响[J].中国新技术新产品,(4):246.
吴琪.史培军:巨灾后,我们面对灾难应该更聪明[EB/OL].(2008-06-05)[2010-10-19].blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_47obf257010099i4.html.
苏桂武,马宗晋,王若嘉,等.2008.汶川地震灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义——以四川省德阳市为例[J].地震地质,30(4):877-894.
天涯社区.地震中最危险、也最常见的误区——你该躲在哪里[EB/OL].(2008-05-14)[2010-10-19].http://www.tianya.cn/New/PublicForum/Content.asp?strItem=free&idArticle=1234172.
王恩涌,赵荣,张小林,等.2000.人文地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
厦门房地产联合网.在家遇地震莫慌,最好躲到卫生间,厨房尽量不要去[EB/OL].(2008-05-20)[2010-10-19].http://www.xmhouse.com/information/NewDecorate/hyzx/bd/200805/t20080520_117393.htm.
谢晓非,李洁,于清源.2008.怎样会让我们感觉更危险—风险沟通渠道分析[J].心理学报,40(4):456-465.
谢晓非.1994.风险研究中的若干心理学问题[J].心理科学,17(2):104-108.
新华网.汶川地震死亡失踪超8.7万人[EB/OL].(2008-09-05)[2010-10-19].http://news.dayoo.com/roll/200809/05/54164_4052104.htm.
张宁.2006.公众认知:公共危机信息传播管理的视角[J].思想战线,32(6):24-28.
朱智贤.1989.心理学大词典[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
邹文卫,张晓南,殷建华.2008.北京中关村地区公众防震减灾意识社会调查及分析[J].国际地震动态,(1):21-28.
Covello V T,Peters R G,Wojtecki J G,et al.2001.Risk Communication,the West Nile Virus Epidemic,and Bioterrorism:Responding to theCommunication Challenges Posed by the Intentional or UnintentionalRelease of a Pathogen in an Urban Setting[J].Journal of UrbanHealth:Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine,78(2):382-391.
Diekm A B,Eagly A H.2000.Stereotypes as dynamic constructs:Womenand men of the past,present,and future[J].Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin,26(10):1171-1188.
Holden C.2005.Sex and the Suffering Brain[J].Science,308(5728):1574.
Lundeberg M A,Fox P W,Puncochar J.1994.Highly Confident butWrong:Gender Differences and Similarities in Confidence Judgments[J].Journal of Educational Psychology,86(1):114-121.
Slovic P.1986.Information and Education About Risk[J].Risk Analysis,6(4):177-187.
Slovic P.1987.Perception of Risk[J].Risk Analysis,236(17):280-285.
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