浙江桐村寒武系大陈岭组地震驱动的软沉积变形构造特征分析
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摘要
软沉积变形构造是确立古地震是否发育的关键证据之一。在浙江桐村寒武系大陈岭组剖面确立的三个地震驱动的软沉积变形事件层中,主要软沉积变形有地震微断裂、微褶皱、液化构造,它们反映出沉积物遭受地震作用时,流体压力改变的程度以及发生液化的强度。其中,微褶皱构造主要包括微褶皱纹层和与液化脉有关的褶皱;液化构造包括泄水构造和液化脉构造。通过对软沉积变形构造的形态特征、产状观察和统计,与其它非地震成因的类似构造相区分,进一步确立地震是它们最有可能的驱动机制,统计出三个事件层中地震扰动层的厚度和震中距,估算事件层Ⅱ和事件层Ⅲ的震级为6～7级和6级左右,并初步认为在大陈岭组地震带以外的地层中,存在臼齿构造。从而,完善了震积岩的识别标志和岩相序列,深化了对浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的认识。
Soft sediment deformation is one of the key indicators identifying the existence of paleo-earthquake.Based on the standard as the sediments suffer the earthquake,fliud pressure changing degree and the strength of the liquefied.Through three horizons of soft sediment deformation events with earthquake-driven on the Cambrian Dachenling Formation in the Tongcun village in Zhejiang province,the abundant soft sediment deformation are seismic micro-fractures,micro-folding and liquefied structures.They reflect the extent of the fliud pressure changing and the strength of the liquefaction,when the sediments suffer from the earthquake. The micro-foldings in the profile of Tongcun village always place there,and are symmetrical folds and uniform liquid layer.Its tectonic features do not match significantly to the landslide deformation,and the author and other measure the micro-folding axial plane randomly in the profile of Tongcun village,and get total of 39 sets of data,and then correct in level for statistical analysis.After all the work,the author rules out the possibility of landslide. Liquefied structure is a kind of the geological phenomenon of conservation of matter and transfer of form,and it shows the flow structure when liquefaction invades.The formation of liquefied form caused by three reasons,which represent the diffferent stages of devolatilization.The auther researchs by contrasting among the liquefied structures by means of four aspects of section characteristics,surface features,contrasting with surrrounding rock,and symbiotic construction. By observing and counting about special characteristics and properties of event horizons of the soft sediment deformation,and distinguishing the similar structures without earthquake-driven,these indicate that earthquake was the driven force.The discovery of three seismite events layers indicated that the deposition period of Dachenling formation is the period of paleoseimic occuring frequently.Paleoseismic induces the formation of Kaihua-Chun'an major deslocation,so the author and other consider deposition time of the event layer Ⅱ is the strong activing period of the formation of Kaihua-Chun'an major deslocation.Counting the seismic disturbance and epicentral distance in the three events layer estimate the layer Ⅱ and layer Ⅲ magnitude are 6-7 level and about 6 level,and the autherand other preliminary view that the layers without the earthquake zone maybe exist molan tooth.So,the identification mark and lithological sequence of seismite get perfect,the understanding get deepening about the sedinentation of cambrian Dachenling formation resulting from seismic events in the west of Zhejiang province.
Soft sediment deformation is one of the key indicators identifying the existence of paleo-earthquake.Based on the standard as the sediments suffer the earthquake,fliud pressure changing degree and the strength of the liquefied.Through three horizons of soft sediment deformation events with earthquake-driven on the Cambrian Dachenling Formation in the Tongcun village in Zhejiang province,the abundant soft sediment deformation are seismic micro-fractures,micro-folding and liquefied structures.They reflect the extent of the fliud pressure changing and the strength of the liquefaction,when the sediments suffer from the earthquake. The micro-foldings in the profile of Tongcun village always place there,and are symmetrical folds and uniform liquid layer.Its tectonic features do not match significantly to the landslide deformation,and the author and other measure the micro-folding axial plane randomly in the profile of Tongcun village,and get total of 39 sets of data,and then correct in level for statistical analysis.After all the work,the author rules out the possibility of landslide. Liquefied structure is a kind of the geological phenomenon of conservation of matter and transfer of form,and it shows the flow structure when liquefaction invades.The formation of liquefied form caused by three reasons,which represent the diffferent stages of devolatilization.The auther researchs by contrasting among the liquefied structures by means of four aspects of section characteristics,surface features,contrasting with surrrounding rock,and symbiotic construction. By observing and counting about special characteristics and properties of event horizons of the soft sediment deformation,and distinguishing the similar structures without earthquake-driven,these indicate that earthquake was the driven force.The discovery of three seismite events layers indicated that the deposition period of Dachenling formation is the period of paleoseimic occuring frequently.Paleoseismic induces the formation of Kaihua-Chun'an major deslocation,so the author and other consider deposition time of the event layer Ⅱ is the strong activing period of the formation of Kaihua-Chun'an major deslocation.Counting the seismic disturbance and epicentral distance in the three events layer estimate the layer Ⅱ and layer Ⅲ magnitude are 6-7 level and about 6 level,and the autherand other preliminary view that the layers without the earthquake zone maybe exist molan tooth.So,the identification mark and lithological sequence of seismite get perfect,the understanding get deepening about the sedinentation of cambrian Dachenling formation resulting from seismic events in the west of Zhejiang province.
引文
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26梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.正在萌芽阶段的震积地层学[J].高校地质学报,1997,3(4):458-461[Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Song Zhimin,et al.Seismostratigraphy at its germination stage:a brief history of research on seismites and its prospect[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,1997,3(4):458-461]
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2 Cita M B,Ricci Lucchi F.Seismicity and sedimentation[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1-2):1-161
3乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-34[Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.Seismic sequence in carbonate rocks by vibrational lique-faction[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1994,68(1):16-34]
4 Shiki T,Cita M B,Gorsline D S.Seismoturbidites,seismites and tsu-namiites[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135:1-326
5 Wheeler R L.Distinguishing Seismic from Nonseismic Soft-Sediment Structures:Criteria from Seismic-Hazard Analysis[C]∥Ettensohn F R,Rast N,Brett C E,ed.Ancient Seismites,Geological Society of A-merica Special Paper,2002,359:1-11
6 Fabrizio Storti,Paola Vannucchi.Seismoturbidites,seismites and tsu-namiites[J].Sedimentary Geology,2007,196:1-268
7 Allen J R L.Earthquake magnitude-frequency,epicentral distance,and soft-sediment deformation in sedimentary basins[J].Sedimentary Geology,1982,46:67-75
8 Rossetti D F,Goes A M.Deciphering the sedimentological imprint of paleoseismic events:an example from the Aptian Codo Formation,Northern Brazi[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135(1-4):137-156
9张传恒,武振杰,高林志,等.华北中元古界雾迷山组地震驱动的软沉积物变形构造及地质意义[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(3):336-343[Zhang Chuanheng,Wu Zhenjie,Gao Linzhi,et al.Earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation structures in the Meso-proterozoic Wumishan Formation,North China,and their geologic im-plications[J].Science in China:Series D,2007,37(3):336-343]
10 Obermeier S F,Pond E C.Issues in using liquefaction features for pa-leoseismic analysis:Seismological Research letters,1999,70:34-58
11乔秀夫,李海兵.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,2009,11(6):593-610[Qiao Xiufu,Li Haibin.Effect of earthquake and ancient earthquake on sediments[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2009,11(6):593-610]
12 Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,Vicente G D,et al.Soft-sediment deformation structures interpreted as seismites in lacustine sediments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as indicators of earthquake magnitudes during the late Miocene[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135:117-135
13吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(1):19-26[Wu Xiantao,Yin Guoxun.Features and significance of seismites from upper Jurassic la-custrine deposites of Emei,Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,1992,10(1):19-26]
14 Potter P E,Pettijohn F J.Palaeocurrents and Basin Analysis[M].Berlin:Springer,1963:1-296
15宋天锐,刘燕.古地震记录与岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):872-879[Song Tianrui,Liu Yan.Ancient earthquake records and litho-paleogeography[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):872-879]
16 Lowe D R.Water escape structures in coarse-grained sediments[J].Sedimentology,1975,22:157-204
17杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,等.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震纪录及储集性能研究[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):805-812[Yang Jianping,Nie Lingling,Zhang Linpu,et al.Reservoir characters and paleoseismic records in Neogene Wunan Oilfield,Southwestern margin of the Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):805-812]
18王化爱,刘广春,杨玉平,等.蒙古国南贝尔凹陷泥质软沉积变形构造特征及沉积序列[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(6):43-46[Wang Huaai,Liu Guangchun,Yang Yuping,et al.Mud soft sedimentary deformation created by seismic of Cretaceous in South Bell sag,Mongolia[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(6):43-46]
19武振杰,张传恒,姚建新.滇中中元古界大龙口组地震灾变事件及地质意义[J].地球学报,2009,30(3):375-386[Wu Zhenjie,Zhang Chuanheng,Yao Jianxin.Neoproterozoic Seismic catastrophic events in Dalongkou formation of central Yunnan and their geological significance[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2009,30(3):375-386]
20 Marco S,Agnon A.Prehistoric earthquake deformations near Masada,Dead Sea graben[J].Geology,1995,23:695-698
21宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,33(8):609-611[Song Tianrui.A probable earthquake tsunami sequence in precambrian Carbonate strata of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1988,33(8):609-611]
22孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):271-278[Sun Xiaomeng,Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong.Seismite sequence in continental margin:Take seismite in middle region of Jinsha River as an example[J].Geoscience,1995,9(3):271-278]
23付文利,王艳琴,杨光,等.东营凹陷沙三段、沙四段震积岩研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(2):6-8[Fu Wenli,Wang Yanqin,Yang Guang,et al.Study on seismite of Sha 3 and Sha 4 member in Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(2):6-8]
24 Seilacher A.Sedimentary structures tentatively attributed to seismic events[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1-2):1-12
25严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,等.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究[J].地质学报,2005,79(6):730-738[Yan Zhaobin,Guo Fusheng,Peng Huaming,et al.Pilot study on sedimentation of Cambrian Dachenling formation resulting from seismic events in the West of Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(6):730-738]
26梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.正在萌芽阶段的震积地层学[J].高校地质学报,1997,3(4):458-461[Liang Dingyi,Nie Zetong,Song Zhimin,et al.Seismostratigraphy at its germination stage:a brief history of research on seismites and its prospect[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,1997,3(4):458-461]
27王剑.华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:129-131[Wang Jian.Evolution of Rift Basin in New-Proterozoic in South China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:129-131]
28 Guo Fusheng,Peng Huaming,Zeng Aihua.Palaeozoic tectonic palaeogeography of Cathaysia in eastern Zhejiang and northern Fujian,China[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2003,27(1):24-32
29郭福生.浙江江山古生代沉积演化及其构造控制[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:1-99[Guo Fusheng.Evolution of Paleozoic Deposit in the City of Jiangshan in Zhejiang Province and Its Tectonic Controls[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:1-99]
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