伸展断层作用对油气二次运移的影响
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摘要
伸展断层是沉积盆地中的主要构造形迹。伸展断层作用不仅控制着构造圈闭的形成及沉积体系的分布 ,而且也是盆地内成熟油气垂向运移的主干通道。由伸展断层及其邻近地层中的次级断层活动产生的“地震泵”作用是油气二次运移的重要动力源之一。在复杂断块区 ,与“地震泵”所毗邻的储集层是主要的油气富集层段。在判断“地震泵”作用的层位及深度时 ,可以采用构造几何学方法与局部平衡剖面法进行综合分析。根据局部平衡剖面恢复所得到的关键油气运移期的局部伸展量变化曲线 ,可标定出某一断块区的主干伸展层段 ,确定出主干伸展层对预测油气富集的地质层位 ,据此可指导勘探目的层的优选。本文给出了应用实例
As being the main structure styles in extensional sedimentary basins, tensional faults not only play an important role in the forming of traps or distribution of sedimentary assemblage, but also act as one of the major factors in controlling hydrocarbon secondary migration. The “seismic pumping ”,resulted from tensional faults and theirsubsidiary fracture systems, could be considered as one of the most important dynamic sources for dominating hydrocarbon secondary migration. The reservoir sands or oil traps near the “seismic pumping” region in mostly complex fault block areas might be the most efficient fields for hydrocarbon accumulation. A method developed on the basis of tectonic geometry and balanced section analysis can be used to determine the geologic horizon or depth where “seismic pumping” probably produced by counting the vertical changes of local extensional amount during critical moment of the oil migration, and further more to guide the economical management of hydrocarbon exploration.
As being the main structure styles in extensional sedimentary basins, tensional faults not only play an important role in the forming of traps or distribution of sedimentary assemblage, but also act as one of the major factors in controlling hydrocarbon secondary migration. The “seismic pumping ”,resulted from tensional faults and theirsubsidiary fracture systems, could be considered as one of the most important dynamic sources for dominating hydrocarbon secondary migration. The reservoir sands or oil traps near the “seismic pumping” region in mostly complex fault block areas might be the most efficient fields for hydrocarbon accumulation. A method developed on the basis of tectonic geometry and balanced section analysis can be used to determine the geologic horizon or depth where “seismic pumping” probably produced by counting the vertical changes of local extensional amount during critical moment of the oil migration, and further more to guide the economical management of hydrocarbon exploration.
引文
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[2 ] AndrewDHindle,Petroleummigrationpathwaysandchargeconcentration :Athreedimensionalmodel[J].AAPGBulletin ,1997,81(9) :145 1- 1481.
[3] StevenLosh ,LorraineEglinton ,MartinSchoell,&JamesWood .Verticalandlateralfluidflowrelatedtoalargegrowthfault ,SouthEugeneislandblock 330field ,OffshoreLouisiana[J].AAPG ,Bulletin ,1999,83(2 ) :2 44 - 2 76 .
[4 ] WithjackMO .Normalfaultsandtheirhanging wallde formation :Anexperimentalstudy[J].AAPGBulletin ,1995 ,79(1) :1- 10 .
[5 ] 李明诚 .石油与天然气运移 [M ].北京 :石油工业出版社 ,1987.
[6 ] 茹克 .裂陷盆地的半地堑分析 [J].中国海上油气 (地质 ) ,1990 ,(6 ) :1- 10 .
[7] Roywischliche著 ,林永汉 ,何登发译 .半地堑盆地充填模式———大陆拉张盆地演化的新约束条件 [J].国外油气勘探 ,1993,5 (3) :2 5 2 - 2 5 6 .
[8] MarcoAntonellini,AtillaAydin .Effectoffaultingonfluidinporoussandstone :Geometryandspatialdistribu tion[J].AAPGBulletin ,1995 ,79(5 ) :6 42 - 6 6 9.
[9] PascaleHugghe ,Jean LouisMugnier .Theinfluenceofdepthonreactivationinnormalfaulting[J].JournalofStructureGeology ,1992 ,15 (6 ) :75 3 - 770 .
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