高分辨率纵波采集方法研究
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摘要
高分辨率地震勘探技术是一个完整的系统工程，它涉及采集、处理、解释等各个方面。而采集又是该系统最为基础的部分。只有在野外采集到具有较宽有效频带的地震资料，才能处理出分辨率较高的地震剖面。近年来在大庆探区进行了高分辨率地震资料采集试验和生产，总结出一套“五高、二小、二措施”，即五高为高时间采样率、高空间采样率、高次覆盖、高检波器自然频率、高低截频率，二小为小偏移距、小组合基距，二措施为全部检波器下并接收、大于三级风不施工的有效采集方法;以及以定点扫描确定激发高频岩性，以岩性来确定沿测线各点激发井深的激发条件选择方法;并且推广应用取得了显著的地质效果。原始记录频率在70～140Hz扫描中有清晰的反射同相轴，在80～160Hz也见到了良好的反射波;视频在1.2s（相当于T1反射层）达到了100～110Hz，在1.7s（相当于T2-2）达到80～90Hz，频带宽度达到10～150Hz。
High-resolution seismic exploration is a serial technique, which involves data acquisition, data processing and data interpretation. Data acquisition is an essential part of the technique. Only after people have collected wide band seismic data in field can they produce high-resolution seismic section. High-resolution seismic data acquisition in Daqing area has been conducted successfully by taking field operation method of" five highs, two smalls and two measures" (Five highs are high time sampling rate, high space sampling rate, high fold times, high natural frequency of seismic geophone, and high low-cutoff frequency of geophone. Two smalls mean small offset and small base length of array. Two measures are that all geophones are planted in borehole and field operation will stop when wind scale is above three). In addition, fixed-point scanning is done to locate high frequency lithology for shot; shot condition in each shot hole along seismic line is determined according to the lithology. This field operation method has been used widely to receive good geological effect- Clear reflection legs can be seen in 70 140Hz scanning of raw seismic data, and quite good reflection waves appear in 80～160Hz. Apparent frequency is up to 100～110Hz at 1. 2 second (corresponding to T1 reflection horizon ), and reaches to 80～90Hz at 1. 7 second (corresponding to T2-2 reflection horizon ). Frequency band comes up to 10～150Hz.
High-resolution seismic exploration is a serial technique, which involves data acquisition, data processing and data interpretation. Data acquisition is an essential part of the technique. Only after people have collected wide band seismic data in field can they produce high-resolution seismic section. High-resolution seismic data acquisition in Daqing area has been conducted successfully by taking field operation method of" five highs, two smalls and two measures" (Five highs are high time sampling rate, high space sampling rate, high fold times, high natural frequency of seismic geophone, and high low-cutoff frequency of geophone. Two smalls mean small offset and small base length of array. Two measures are that all geophones are planted in borehole and field operation will stop when wind scale is above three). In addition, fixed-point scanning is done to locate high frequency lithology for shot; shot condition in each shot hole along seismic line is determined according to the lithology. This field operation method has been used widely to receive good geological effect- Clear reflection legs can be seen in 70 140Hz scanning of raw seismic data, and quite good reflection waves appear in 80～160Hz. Apparent frequency is up to 100～110Hz at 1. 2 second (corresponding to T1 reflection horizon ), and reaches to 80～90Hz at 1. 7 second (corresponding to T2-2 reflection horizon ). Frequency band comes up to 10～150Hz.
引文
1 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路,石油工业出版社,1993
2 俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探,石油工业出版社,1994
3 陈道宏,王建民等.利用现有设备开展80～100Hz高分辨率地震勘探技术研究,大庆石油管理局地球物理勘探公司报告,1995
4 陈道宏,杨文采等.用于储层描述的反射地震理论与方法研究,大庆石油管理局地球物理勘探公司报告,1996
2 俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探,石油工业出版社,1994
3 陈道宏,王建民等.利用现有设备开展80～100Hz高分辨率地震勘探技术研究,大庆石油管理局地球物理勘探公司报告,1995
4 陈道宏,杨文采等.用于储层描述的反射地震理论与方法研究,大庆石油管理局地球物理勘探公司报告,1996
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