拉东投影法三维叠前时间偏移
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摘要
对地下地质构造正确成像是地震勘探的最终目的,由于三维地震资料采集不可能都沿垂直构造走向的方向进行,这就给地震资料的三维处理带来了许多困难。本文将三维叠后拉东投影偏移思想应用于三维叠前处理,提出了三维叠前投影时间偏移算法。利用拉东投影变换的原理,将整个三维叠前数据体投影到各方向的径向线上,使各方位角的构造都包含在其中某条或多条径向剖面上。投影完成后,形成一系列独立的二维叠前径向线,然后采用各种标准的二维叠前时间偏移成像方法来实现各径向线的叠前时间偏移。当各径向剖面偏移完成后,在时间切片上进行反投影,从而最终形成三维叠前时间偏移结果。实际应用表明,用本方法进行三维叠前时间偏移,可明显提高剖面的信噪比,边界反射很弱,并且资料的中深层成像效果较好。
The final object of seismic exploration is correct imaging for sub-surface geologic structures. It brings a lot of difficulties to 3-D seismic data processing , for 3-D seismic data acquisition can't be carried out in direction perpendicular to structural trend. The paper made application of 3-D poststack Radon projection migration to 3-D prestack processing and presented projection 3-D prestack migration algorithm. Using the principle of Radon projection,the method projected 3-D prestack data volume onto a different radial direction, the structure in each azimuth are involved in certain or multiple radial section,forming a series of independent 2-D prestack lines,which can be processed by common 2-D prestack time migration,then,the reverse projection on time slice was applied to get final 3-D prestack time migration data volume. Real data ap- plication showed that using the method for 3-D prestack time migration resulted in obvious improvement of signal-to-noise ratio of the sections with weak reflection from boundary and good image for middle and deep horizons.
The final object of seismic exploration is correct imaging for sub-surface geologic structures. It brings a lot of difficulties to 3-D seismic data processing , for 3-D seismic data acquisition can't be carried out in direction perpendicular to structural trend. The paper made application of 3-D poststack Radon projection migration to 3-D prestack processing and presented projection 3-D prestack migration algorithm. Using the principle of Radon projection,the method projected 3-D prestack data volume onto a different radial direction, the structure in each azimuth are involved in certain or multiple radial section,forming a series of independent 2-D prestack lines,which can be processed by common 2-D prestack time migration,then,the reverse projection on time slice was applied to get final 3-D prestack time migration data volume. Real data ap- plication showed that using the method for 3-D prestack time migration resulted in obvious improvement of signal-to-noise ratio of the sections with weak reflection from boundary and good image for middle and deep horizons.
引文
[1] 徐基祥,吴律.拟真三维投影偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4) :453～466
[2] 徐基祥,吴律.双拉东变换二维叠前偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6) :755～770
[3] Wu Lu and Xu Jixiang. 3-D fast projected migra-tion. Expanded Abstract of 66th SEG Mg, 1996
[4] Biondi B and Palacharla. 3-D prestack depth migra-tion of common azimuth data. Expanded Abstract of 65th SEG Mtg, 1995, 1197～1200
[5] Biondi B and Nizar Chemingui. Transformation of 3-D prestack data by azimuth moveout (AMO). Ex-panded Abstract of 64th SEG Mtg, 1994, 1141～1144
[6] Pan N, Bellinger C and Lynn W. Radial projection 3D time migration: Theory and case history. 55th Mtg of EAEG Session, 1993
[7] Pan N,Perkins W T,French W S and Lynn W. Exact and efficient three-pass 3D time migration for verti-cally inhomogeneous media. 54th Mtg of EAEG, 1992, 282～283
[8] Pan N,Perkins W,Lynn W and French W S. Efficient 3-D filtering using projected 2-D true-dip sections. Expand Abstract of 62nd SEG Mtg, 1992, 1042～1045
[9] Pan N, Perkins W T and French W S. Exact two-pass full-dip (>90 degrees) 3-D migration for verti-cally inhomogeneous media. Expanded Abstract of 61st SEG Mg, 1991, 1160～1163
[10] Pan N and French W S. Comprehensive approach to 3-D azimuth dip-dependent poststack processing: A transformation method. Expanded Abstract of 60th SEG Mg, 1990, 1745～1748
[11] 吴律.τ-p变换及其应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[12] Pan N and French W S. Generalized two-pass three-dimensional migration for imaging steep dips in verti-cally inhomogeneous media. Geophysics, 1989, 54: 544～554
[13] Pan N, Sun L, Cramer J, Sarwar. A K M and French. W S. Nonrecursive approach for exact 2-D prestack migration in vertically inhomogeneous media via double p-tau transform. Expanded Abstract of 59th SEG Mtg, 1989
[2] 徐基祥,吴律.双拉东变换二维叠前偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(6) :755～770
[3] Wu Lu and Xu Jixiang. 3-D fast projected migra-tion. Expanded Abstract of 66th SEG Mg, 1996
[4] Biondi B and Palacharla. 3-D prestack depth migra-tion of common azimuth data. Expanded Abstract of 65th SEG Mtg, 1995, 1197～1200
[5] Biondi B and Nizar Chemingui. Transformation of 3-D prestack data by azimuth moveout (AMO). Ex-panded Abstract of 64th SEG Mtg, 1994, 1141～1144
[6] Pan N, Bellinger C and Lynn W. Radial projection 3D time migration: Theory and case history. 55th Mtg of EAEG Session, 1993
[7] Pan N,Perkins W T,French W S and Lynn W. Exact and efficient three-pass 3D time migration for verti-cally inhomogeneous media. 54th Mtg of EAEG, 1992, 282～283
[8] Pan N,Perkins W,Lynn W and French W S. Efficient 3-D filtering using projected 2-D true-dip sections. Expand Abstract of 62nd SEG Mtg, 1992, 1042～1045
[9] Pan N, Perkins W T and French W S. Exact two-pass full-dip (>90 degrees) 3-D migration for verti-cally inhomogeneous media. Expanded Abstract of 61st SEG Mg, 1991, 1160～1163
[10] Pan N and French W S. Comprehensive approach to 3-D azimuth dip-dependent poststack processing: A transformation method. Expanded Abstract of 60th SEG Mg, 1990, 1745～1748
[11] 吴律.τ-p变换及其应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[12] Pan N and French W S. Generalized two-pass three-dimensional migration for imaging steep dips in verti-cally inhomogeneous media. Geophysics, 1989, 54: 544～554
[13] Pan N, Sun L, Cramer J, Sarwar. A K M and French. W S. Nonrecursive approach for exact 2-D prestack migration in vertically inhomogeneous media via double p-tau transform. Expanded Abstract of 59th SEG Mtg, 1989
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