岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究
摘要
在岩溶地区隧道施工过程中,经常遇到突水、突泥等无法预料的地质灾害,给施工安全带来了重大灾难和无法估计的经济损失。为了保证岩溶隧道施工安全,对岩溶裂隙水与不良地质体的发育情况进行准确及时的超前预报,是当前岩溶地区隧道设计与施工中亟待研究与解决的关键问题。首先,对隧道建设过程中岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报和综合预报体系的研究现状进行详细的介绍,指出岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报中存在的主要问题,总结隧道建设过程中地质缺陷超前勘探方法和高压大流量岩溶裂隙水超前预报方法;然后,重点介绍TSP超前地质预报系统探测溶洞、陆地声纳法探测断层、地质雷达探测地下水和红外探水法探测岩溶裂隙水等工程实例。最后,总结预报各种不同地质体的有效方法和将要开展的研究热点和难点,并对下一步所要开展的工作进行深入探讨,对我国在岩溶裂隙水和不良地质体探查的理论和技术创新方面给予一定的帮助和指导。
The unknown geological disasters such as water and slurry often gush in karst area during construction of tunnel,which brings momentous disaster and unestimated economic loss to construction safety.The precise and immediate advance forecast to the development of karst is the key problem to be researched and solved currently in tunnel design and construction in the karst areas,which brings important theoretical significance and practical value.A recent development of the forecast and the integration system of the forecast about the karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological conditions are first introduced in detail.The key issues of karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological condition in prediction are derived,then the method of forecasting defective geological condition and the karst-fractured groundwater with high pressure and large flow discharge are summarized.The engineering examples such as tunnel seismic prediction(TSP) prospecting karst cave,landsonar prospecting fault,geological radar prospecting underground water and infrared water detecting method prospecting karst-fractured groundwater are introduced emphatically.At last,the effective methods of forecasting all kinds of the defective geological conditions and some study ideas and difficult technology are given;and the next stage of work to be undertaken is discussed deeply.The theory and technology initiative has help and positive guides in the fields of the forecast of the karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological condition.
The unknown geological disasters such as water and slurry often gush in karst area during construction of tunnel,which brings momentous disaster and unestimated economic loss to construction safety.The precise and immediate advance forecast to the development of karst is the key problem to be researched and solved currently in tunnel design and construction in the karst areas,which brings important theoretical significance and practical value.A recent development of the forecast and the integration system of the forecast about the karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological conditions are first introduced in detail.The key issues of karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological condition in prediction are derived,then the method of forecasting defective geological condition and the karst-fractured groundwater with high pressure and large flow discharge are summarized.The engineering examples such as tunnel seismic prediction(TSP) prospecting karst cave,landsonar prospecting fault,geological radar prospecting underground water and infrared water detecting method prospecting karst-fractured groundwater are introduced emphatically.At last,the effective methods of forecasting all kinds of the defective geological conditions and some study ideas and difficult technology are given;and the next stage of work to be undertaken is discussed deeply.The theory and technology initiative has help and positive guides in the fields of the forecast of the karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological condition.
引文
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[5]BUTTON E,BRETTEREBNER H,SCHWAB P.The application of TRT-true reflection tomography at the Unterwald tunnel in Felsbau[J].Geophysics,2002,20(2):51–56.
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[7]肖书安,吴世林.复杂地质条件下的隧道地质超前探测技术[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(2):159–165.(XIAO Shu′an,WU Shilin.Geological prediction technique for tunnel construction under complex geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(2):159–165.(in Chinese))
[8]CHRISTIAN D.Klose fuzzy rule-based expert system for short-range seismic prediction[J].Computers and Geosciences,2002,28(3):377–386.
[9]INAZAKI T,ISAHAI H.Stepwise application of horizontal seismic profiling for tunnel prediction ahead of the face[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(12):1 429–1 431.
[10]SHIMIZU N,KATO T.Development and application of seismic reflection survey in a tunnel using hydraulic impactor or vibrator[C]//The 7th SEGJ International Symposium on Imaging Technology.Sendai,Japan:[s.n.],2004:236–246.
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[13]何发亮,李苍松.隧道施工期地质超前预报技术的发展[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(3):12–15.(HE Faliang,LI Cangsong.The development of geological forecast in tunnel construction[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2001,38(3):12–15.(in Chinese))
[14]钟世航.用陆地声纳法和微分电测深结合探查岩溶、洞穴[J].物探与化探,2003,27(3):240–243.(ZHONG Shihang.The combination of landsonar and differential electrical sounding for the exploration of karst and underground caves[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,27(3):240–243.(in Chinese))
[15]CREMER F,JONG de W,SCHUTTE K.Fusion of polarimetric infrared features and GPR features for landmine detection[C]//The 2nd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar(IWAGPR).Delft,Netherlands:[s.n.],2003:1–6
[16]曲海峰,刘志刚,朱合华.隧道信息化施工中综合地质预报技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1 246–1 251.(QU Haifeng,LIU Zhigang,ZHU Hehua.Technique of synthetic geologic prediction ahead in tunnel informational construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1 246–1 251.(in Chinese))
[17]夏照华.地质雷达在探测地下溶洞中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(1):91–92.(XIA Zhaohua.Application of GPR to a detecting karst cave[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2005,(1):91–92.(in Chinese))
[18]CASAS A,LAZARO R,VILAS M,et al.Detecting karstic cavities with ground penetrating radar at different geological environments in Spain[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar.Sendai,Japan:[s.n.],1996:455–460.
[19]FOESSEL A,APOSTOLOPOULOS D,WHITTAKER W L.Radar sensor for an autonomous Antarctic explorer[C]//Proc.Spie,Mobile Robots XIII and Intelligent Transportation Systems.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1999:117–124.
[20]陈伟海,张之淦.峰林平原区岩溶含水层特征与调蓄功能[J].中国岩溶,1999,18(1):19–27.(CHEN Weihai,ZHANG Zhigan.Characterizes and regulative capacity of karst aquifers in peak forest-plain area[J].Carsologica Sinica,1999,18(1):19–27.(in Chinese))
[21]张卫,覃小群,易连兴,等.以控制地面沉降为约束的地下水资源评价[J].中国岩溶,2004,23(3):196–205.(ZHANG Wei,QIN Xiaoqun,YI Lianxing,et al.Ground water resources assessment under the conditions to control ground subsidence[J].Carsologica Sinica,2004,23(3):196–205.(in Chinese))
[22]张卫,覃小群,易连兴,等.上海地区地下水系统及地下水资源特征[J].中国岩溶,1999,18(4):343–351.(ZHANG Wei,QIN Xiaoqun,YI Lianxing,et al.Groundwater system and its characteristics in Shanghai Region[J].Carsologica Sinica,1999,18(4):343–351.(in Chinese))
[23]张卫,覃小群,易连兴,等.西南岩溶区岩溶水有效开发利用规划分区[J].中国岩溶,2001,20(1):27–34.(ZHANG Wei,QIN Xiaoqun,YI Lianxing,et al.Karst water effective development planning division in the karst area in Southwest China[J].Carsologica Sinica,2001,20(1):27–34.(in Chinese))
[24]BROOKS J W.Applications of GPR technology to humanitarian demising operations in Cambodia:some lessons learned[R].[S.l.]:Brooks Enterprises International,Inc.,1996:1–9.
[25]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.(LI Daxin.Ground penetrating radar method and its application[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese))
[26]王鹰,陈强,魏有仪,等.红外探测技术在圆梁山隧道突水预报中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):855–857.(WANG Ying,CHEN Qiang,WEI Youyi,et al.Application of infrared acquisition technology in prediction of water gushing in Yuanliangshan tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(5):855–857.(in Chinese))
[27]何发亮,李苍松,粟健,等.声波探测技术的新发展及其应用[J].中国铁道科学,1999,20(4):83–87.(HE Faliang,LI Cangsong,SU Jian,et al.Recent development and application of acoustic sounding[J].China Railway Science,1999,20(4):83–87.(in Chinese))
[28]李貅,郭文波,李毓茂.瞬变电磁法在煤田矿井涌水通道勘察中的应用[J].西安工程学院学报,2000,22(3):35–38.(LI Xiu,GUO Wenbo,LI Yumao.Application of TEM to exploration of water gushing channel way in coal field[J].Journal of Xi′an Engineering University,2000,22(3):35–38.(in Chinese))
[2]傅鹤林,韩汝才.隧道衬砌荷载计算理论及岩溶处治技术[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005.(FU Helin,HAN Rucai.Computational theory of the lining load and the treating technique of the karst for the tunnel[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[3]陈成宗,何发亮.隧道工程地质与声波探测技术[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2005.(CHEN Chengzong,HE Faliang.The engineering geological and the sonic detection technique of the tunnel[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[4]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1 399–1 402.(LIU Zhigang,LIU Xiufeng.TSP application and development in tunnel forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1 399–1 402.(in Chinese))
[5]BUTTON E,BRETTEREBNER H,SCHWAB P.The application of TRT-true reflection tomography at the Unterwald tunnel in Felsbau[J].Geophysics,2002,20(2):51–56.
[6]李苍松,何发亮,丁建芳.武隆隧道岩溶地质超前预报综合技术[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,(2):96–100.(LI Cangsong,HE Faliang,DING Jianfang.Synthesis prediction technology of karst geology in Wulong tunnel[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2005,(2):96–100.(in Chinese))
[7]肖书安,吴世林.复杂地质条件下的隧道地质超前探测技术[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(2):159–165.(XIAO Shu′an,WU Shilin.Geological prediction technique for tunnel construction under complex geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(2):159–165.(in Chinese))
[8]CHRISTIAN D.Klose fuzzy rule-based expert system for short-range seismic prediction[J].Computers and Geosciences,2002,28(3):377–386.
[9]INAZAKI T,ISAHAI H.Stepwise application of horizontal seismic profiling for tunnel prediction ahead of the face[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(12):1 429–1 431.
[10]SHIMIZU N,KATO T.Development and application of seismic reflection survey in a tunnel using hydraulic impactor or vibrator[C]//The 7th SEGJ International Symposium on Imaging Technology.Sendai,Japan:[s.n.],2004:236–246.
[11]钟世航,曹大明.隧道中用陆地声纳法在开挖的岩面或衬砌表面测围岩松弛带深度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(10):1 722–1 727.(ZHONG Shihang,CAO Daming.Detecting depth of relaxation zone of tunnel surrounding rock by using landsonar on surface of rock or lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(10):1 722–1 727.(in Chinese))
[12]钟世航.陆地声纳法的原理及其在铁路地质勘测和隧道施工中的应用[J].中国铁道科学,1995,16(4):48–55.(ZHONG Shihang.The principle and application of landsonar method in railway geological survey and tunnel construction[J].China Railway Science,1995,16(4):48–55.(in Chinese))
[13]何发亮,李苍松.隧道施工期地质超前预报技术的发展[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(3):12–15.(HE Faliang,LI Cangsong.The development of geological forecast in tunnel construction[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2001,38(3):12–15.(in Chinese))
[14]钟世航.用陆地声纳法和微分电测深结合探查岩溶、洞穴[J].物探与化探,2003,27(3):240–243.(ZHONG Shihang.The combination of landsonar and differential electrical sounding for the exploration of karst and underground caves[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,27(3):240–243.(in Chinese))
[15]CREMER F,JONG de W,SCHUTTE K.Fusion of polarimetric infrared features and GPR features for landmine detection[C]//The 2nd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar(IWAGPR).Delft,Netherlands:[s.n.],2003:1–6
[16]曲海峰,刘志刚,朱合华.隧道信息化施工中综合地质预报技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1 246–1 251.(QU Haifeng,LIU Zhigang,ZHU Hehua.Technique of synthetic geologic prediction ahead in tunnel informational construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1 246–1 251.(in Chinese))
[17]夏照华.地质雷达在探测地下溶洞中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(1):91–92.(XIA Zhaohua.Application of GPR to a detecting karst cave[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2005,(1):91–92.(in Chinese))
[18]CASAS A,LAZARO R,VILAS M,et al.Detecting karstic cavities with ground penetrating radar at different geological environments in Spain[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar.Sendai,Japan:[s.n.],1996:455–460.
[19]FOESSEL A,APOSTOLOPOULOS D,WHITTAKER W L.Radar sensor for an autonomous Antarctic explorer[C]//Proc.Spie,Mobile Robots XIII and Intelligent Transportation Systems.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1999:117–124.
[20]陈伟海,张之淦.峰林平原区岩溶含水层特征与调蓄功能[J].中国岩溶,1999,18(1):19–27.(CHEN Weihai,ZHANG Zhigan.Characterizes and regulative capacity of karst aquifers in peak forest-plain area[J].Carsologica Sinica,1999,18(1):19–27.(in Chinese))
[21]张卫,覃小群,易连兴,等.以控制地面沉降为约束的地下水资源评价[J].中国岩溶,2004,23(3):196–205.(ZHANG Wei,QIN Xiaoqun,YI Lianxing,et al.Ground water resources assessment under the conditions to control ground subsidence[J].Carsologica Sinica,2004,23(3):196–205.(in Chinese))
[22]张卫,覃小群,易连兴,等.上海地区地下水系统及地下水资源特征[J].中国岩溶,1999,18(4):343–351.(ZHANG Wei,QIN Xiaoqun,YI Lianxing,et al.Groundwater system and its characteristics in Shanghai Region[J].Carsologica Sinica,1999,18(4):343–351.(in Chinese))
[23]张卫,覃小群,易连兴,等.西南岩溶区岩溶水有效开发利用规划分区[J].中国岩溶,2001,20(1):27–34.(ZHANG Wei,QIN Xiaoqun,YI Lianxing,et al.Karst water effective development planning division in the karst area in Southwest China[J].Carsologica Sinica,2001,20(1):27–34.(in Chinese))
[24]BROOKS J W.Applications of GPR technology to humanitarian demising operations in Cambodia:some lessons learned[R].[S.l.]:Brooks Enterprises International,Inc.,1996:1–9.
[25]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.(LI Daxin.Ground penetrating radar method and its application[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese))
[26]王鹰,陈强,魏有仪,等.红外探测技术在圆梁山隧道突水预报中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):855–857.(WANG Ying,CHEN Qiang,WEI Youyi,et al.Application of infrared acquisition technology in prediction of water gushing in Yuanliangshan tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(5):855–857.(in Chinese))
[27]何发亮,李苍松,粟健,等.声波探测技术的新发展及其应用[J].中国铁道科学,1999,20(4):83–87.(HE Faliang,LI Cangsong,SU Jian,et al.Recent development and application of acoustic sounding[J].China Railway Science,1999,20(4):83–87.(in Chinese))
[28]李貅,郭文波,李毓茂.瞬变电磁法在煤田矿井涌水通道勘察中的应用[J].西安工程学院学报,2000,22(3):35–38.(LI Xiu,GUO Wenbo,LI Yumao.Application of TEM to exploration of water gushing channel way in coal field[J].Journal of Xi′an Engineering University,2000,22(3):35–38.(in Chinese))
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