华南上地壳速度分布与基底、盖层构造研究
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摘要
对华南地区有代表性的几条宽角地震剖面进行了研究 ,利用初动到时资料拟合剖面地带地壳上部详细的速度分布 ,结合其他地球物理资料与地质资料对地壳基底和沉积盖层的构造进行了综合解释 .结果表明 ,浙 -闽 -粤东部地区在地壳基底上分布一系列中生代火山岩断陷盆地 ,火山岩盖层厚度变化为 1 0 0 0— 40 0 0m .浙西—皖南以及湘 -赣地区地壳基底起伏较大 ,盖层主要为古生界 ,并发育许多受基底形态与边界断裂控制的小型中生代白垩纪盆地 .华南西部的楚雄盆地为一构造复杂的深坳陷 ,其中侏罗—白垩系的厚度超过 1 0km ,并被分割为东部斜坡和西部坳陷两个单元 ,而西部坳陷又被一中央隆起分割为东、西两个更次级的凹陷 .区内一些主要的断裂构造在速度等值线图上均有明显的反映 ,如东部的江绍断裂、莲花山断裂和吴川—四会断裂以及西部的程海断裂和绿汁江断裂都是重要的构造分界 ,此外众多的基底断裂多是盆地与隆起的边界 .
A study on five representative wide-anger seismic profiles in South China is completed. The fine velocity distribution patterns are fitted with the travel times of first arrive Pg waves. Combining with other geophysical data and geological data, we make a synthesis explanation for the tectonics of basement and cover. It is proved that some fault basins infilled with Mesozoic volcanic rock above the basement are distributed in the eastern region of Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces and the thickness of the volcanic rock layer is 1000-4000m. In the regions of western Zhejiang, southern Anhui, Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces, the basement surges obviously and the cover is mainly Palaeozoic group, and some Mesozoic Cretaceous smaller basins controlled by boundary faults develop there. The Chuxiong basin in western South China is a deep depression with complex structure, in which the thickness of Jurassic-Cretaceous systems is over 10km. This basin is divided into two parts of eastern ascent and western depression, and the western depression is farther divided by a center uplift into two smaller deep depressions. Some Main faults in the researched region are reflected clearly in the contour velocity diagrams. Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault, Lianhuashan fault and Wuchuan-Sihui fault in the eastern region, and Chenghai fault, Luzhijiang fault in the western region are all the important tectonic boundaries, also flock basement faults are primarily the boundaries of the basins and the uplifts.
A study on five representative wide-anger seismic profiles in South China is completed. The fine velocity distribution patterns are fitted with the travel times of first arrive Pg waves. Combining with other geophysical data and geological data, we make a synthesis explanation for the tectonics of basement and cover. It is proved that some fault basins infilled with Mesozoic volcanic rock above the basement are distributed in the eastern region of Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces and the thickness of the volcanic rock layer is 1000-4000m. In the regions of western Zhejiang, southern Anhui, Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces, the basement surges obviously and the cover is mainly Palaeozoic group, and some Mesozoic Cretaceous smaller basins controlled by boundary faults develop there. The Chuxiong basin in western South China is a deep depression with complex structure, in which the thickness of Jurassic-Cretaceous systems is over 10km. This basin is divided into two parts of eastern ascent and western depression, and the western depression is farther divided by a center uplift into two smaller deep depressions. Some Main faults in the researched region are reflected clearly in the contour velocity diagrams. Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault, Lianhuashan fault and Wuchuan-Sihui fault in the eastern region, and Chenghai fault, Luzhijiang fault in the western region are all the important tectonic boundaries, also flock basement faults are primarily the boundaries of the basins and the uplifts.
引文
1)徐克定.个人交流.1994.
[1] 程裕淇.中国区域地质概论.北京:地质出版社,1994.379—382.CHENGYuQi.TheGeneralityofRegionalGeologyinChina(inChinese).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1994.379—382.
[2] 熊绍柏,赖明惠,刘宏兵等.屯溪—温州地带的岩石圈结构与速度分布.见:李继亮主编.东南大陆岩石圈结构与地质演化.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.250—256.XIONGShaoBai,LAIMingHui,LIUHongBing,etal.ThestructureandvelocitydistributioninthelithosphereforTunxiWenzhouregion.In:LIJiLianged.ThestructureandgeologicalevolutionofthelithosphereofsoutheasterncontinentofChi na.Beijing:MetallurgicalIndustryPublishingHouse,1993.250—256.
[3] 胡鸿翔,陆涵行,王椿镛等.滇西地区地壳结构的爆破地震研究.地球物理学报,1986,29(2):133—144.HUHongXiang,LUHanXing,WANGChunYong,etal.ExplosioninvestigationofthecrustalstructureinwesternYunnanprovince.ChineseJ.Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1986,29(2):133—144.
[4] 尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏等.华南连县—博罗—港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果.地球物理学报,1999,42(3):383—392.YINZhouXun,LAIMingHui,XIONGShaoBai,etal.Crustalstructureandvelocitydistributionfromdeepseismicsound ingalongtheprofileofLianxianBoluoGangkouinSouthChina.ChineseJ.Geophys.,1999,42(3):383—392.
[5] 尹周勋,滕吉文,熊绍柏.渡口及其邻近地区地壳浅层结构的研究.地球物理学报,1987,30(1):22—30.YINZhouXun,TENGJiWen,XIONGShaoBai.AstudyonfinestructureintheuppercrustofDukouanditsadjacentre gion.ChineseJ.Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1987,30(1):22—30.
[6] 熊绍柏,郑 晔,尹周勋等.丽江-攀枝花-者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义.地球物理学报,1993,36(4):434—443.XIONGShaoBai,ZHENGYe,YINZhouXun,etal.The2Dstructureandit’stectonicimplicationsofthecrustintheLi jiangPanzhihuaZhehairegion.ChineseJ.Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1993,36(4):434—443.
[7] 刘宏兵,熊绍柏,于桂生.藏北西部地壳浅层速度结构及构造地质意义.见:青藏项目专家委会编.青藏高原形成演化、环境变迁与生态系统研究.北京:科学出版社,1995.25—31.LIUHongBing,XIONGShaoBai,YUGuiSheng.ThevelocitystructureanditsgeologicalimplicationofshallowcrustinwestregionofnorthernXizangPlateau.(inChinese).In:TheAuthorityCommitteeofQinghaiXizangProjected.StudyonFormation,Evolution,EnvironmentChangesandEcosystemsofQinghaiXizang(Tibetan)Plateau.Beijing:SciencePress,1995.25—31.
[8] 熊绍柏,刘宏兵等.青藏高原岩石圈结构与构造的人工地震探测研究.见:潘裕生等主编.青藏高原岩石圈结构演化与动力学.广州:广东科技出版社,1998.1—9.XIONGShaoBai,LIUHongBing,etal.ExplosionseismologicalresearchoflithosphericstructureofQinghaiXizang(Tibet an)Plateau.(inChinese).In:PANYuShengetal.eds.LithosphereStructure,EvolutionandDynamicsofQinghaiXizangPlateau.Guangzhou:GuangdongScience&TechnologyPress,1998.1—9.
[9] 胡鸿翔,冯永革.云南扬子准地台区地壳浅部速度构造特征.西北地震学报,1998,20(4):12—17.HUHongXiang,FENGYongGe.ThecharacteristicsofvelocitystructureinshallowpartofthecrustinYangtzeparaplatformregionofYunnanProvince.NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,1998,20(4):12—17.
[10] 熊绍柏,刘宏兵.浙皖地区地壳—上地幔结构和华南与扬子块体边界.地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):4—17.XIONGShaoBai,LIUHongBing.Crust mantlestructureofZhejiangAnhuiregionandtheboundarybetweenYangtzeblockandHuananblock.ProgressinGeophysics,2000,15(4):3—17.
[11] 熊绍柏.福建地热区地壳深部构造的爆炸地震学研究.见:陈宗基等编.福建地热地球物理研究.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992.115—117.XIONGShaoBai.ExplosionseismologystudyfordeepcrustalstructureofthegeothermalregioninFujianProvince.(inChi nese).In:TANTongKeetal.ed.TheStudiesonGeothermalandGeophysicsinFujianProvince.Beijing:Science&Tech nologyPressofChina,1992.115—117.
[12] 苏浙皖闽油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷8):苏浙皖闽油气区.北京:石油工业出版社,1992.25—26.RedactionGroupforPetroleumGeologyofOilandGasRegioninJiangsu,Zhejiang,AnhuiandFujianProvinces.PetroleumGeologyofChinaVol.8.:OilandGasRegioninJiangsu,Zhejiang,AnhuiandFujianProvinces.(inChinese).Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,1992.25—26.
[13] 王椿镛,张先康,丁志峰等.大别造山带上部地壳结构的有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,1997,40(4):495—502.WANGChunYong,ZHANGXianKang,DINGZhiFeng,etal.Finite differencetomographyofuppercrustalstructureinDabieshanorogenicbelt.ChineseJ .Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica
[1] 程裕淇.中国区域地质概论.北京:地质出版社,1994.379—382.CHENGYuQi.TheGeneralityofRegionalGeologyinChina(inChinese).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1994.379—382.
[2] 熊绍柏,赖明惠,刘宏兵等.屯溪—温州地带的岩石圈结构与速度分布.见:李继亮主编.东南大陆岩石圈结构与地质演化.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.250—256.XIONGShaoBai,LAIMingHui,LIUHongBing,etal.ThestructureandvelocitydistributioninthelithosphereforTunxiWenzhouregion.In:LIJiLianged.ThestructureandgeologicalevolutionofthelithosphereofsoutheasterncontinentofChi na.Beijing:MetallurgicalIndustryPublishingHouse,1993.250—256.
[3] 胡鸿翔,陆涵行,王椿镛等.滇西地区地壳结构的爆破地震研究.地球物理学报,1986,29(2):133—144.HUHongXiang,LUHanXing,WANGChunYong,etal.ExplosioninvestigationofthecrustalstructureinwesternYunnanprovince.ChineseJ.Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1986,29(2):133—144.
[4] 尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏等.华南连县—博罗—港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果.地球物理学报,1999,42(3):383—392.YINZhouXun,LAIMingHui,XIONGShaoBai,etal.Crustalstructureandvelocitydistributionfromdeepseismicsound ingalongtheprofileofLianxianBoluoGangkouinSouthChina.ChineseJ.Geophys.,1999,42(3):383—392.
[5] 尹周勋,滕吉文,熊绍柏.渡口及其邻近地区地壳浅层结构的研究.地球物理学报,1987,30(1):22—30.YINZhouXun,TENGJiWen,XIONGShaoBai.AstudyonfinestructureintheuppercrustofDukouanditsadjacentre gion.ChineseJ.Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1987,30(1):22—30.
[6] 熊绍柏,郑 晔,尹周勋等.丽江-攀枝花-者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义.地球物理学报,1993,36(4):434—443.XIONGShaoBai,ZHENGYe,YINZhouXun,etal.The2Dstructureandit’stectonicimplicationsofthecrustintheLi jiangPanzhihuaZhehairegion.ChineseJ.Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1993,36(4):434—443.
[7] 刘宏兵,熊绍柏,于桂生.藏北西部地壳浅层速度结构及构造地质意义.见:青藏项目专家委会编.青藏高原形成演化、环境变迁与生态系统研究.北京:科学出版社,1995.25—31.LIUHongBing,XIONGShaoBai,YUGuiSheng.ThevelocitystructureanditsgeologicalimplicationofshallowcrustinwestregionofnorthernXizangPlateau.(inChinese).In:TheAuthorityCommitteeofQinghaiXizangProjected.StudyonFormation,Evolution,EnvironmentChangesandEcosystemsofQinghaiXizang(Tibetan)Plateau.Beijing:SciencePress,1995.25—31.
[8] 熊绍柏,刘宏兵等.青藏高原岩石圈结构与构造的人工地震探测研究.见:潘裕生等主编.青藏高原岩石圈结构演化与动力学.广州:广东科技出版社,1998.1—9.XIONGShaoBai,LIUHongBing,etal.ExplosionseismologicalresearchoflithosphericstructureofQinghaiXizang(Tibet an)Plateau.(inChinese).In:PANYuShengetal.eds.LithosphereStructure,EvolutionandDynamicsofQinghaiXizangPlateau.Guangzhou:GuangdongScience&TechnologyPress,1998.1—9.
[9] 胡鸿翔,冯永革.云南扬子准地台区地壳浅部速度构造特征.西北地震学报,1998,20(4):12—17.HUHongXiang,FENGYongGe.ThecharacteristicsofvelocitystructureinshallowpartofthecrustinYangtzeparaplatformregionofYunnanProvince.NorthwesternSeismologicalJournal,1998,20(4):12—17.
[10] 熊绍柏,刘宏兵.浙皖地区地壳—上地幔结构和华南与扬子块体边界.地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):4—17.XIONGShaoBai,LIUHongBing.Crust mantlestructureofZhejiangAnhuiregionandtheboundarybetweenYangtzeblockandHuananblock.ProgressinGeophysics,2000,15(4):3—17.
[11] 熊绍柏.福建地热区地壳深部构造的爆炸地震学研究.见:陈宗基等编.福建地热地球物理研究.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1992.115—117.XIONGShaoBai.ExplosionseismologystudyfordeepcrustalstructureofthegeothermalregioninFujianProvince.(inChi nese).In:TANTongKeetal.ed.TheStudiesonGeothermalandGeophysicsinFujianProvince.Beijing:Science&Tech nologyPressofChina,1992.115—117.
[12] 苏浙皖闽油气区石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(卷8):苏浙皖闽油气区.北京:石油工业出版社,1992.25—26.RedactionGroupforPetroleumGeologyofOilandGasRegioninJiangsu,Zhejiang,AnhuiandFujianProvinces.PetroleumGeologyofChinaVol.8.:OilandGasRegioninJiangsu,Zhejiang,AnhuiandFujianProvinces.(inChinese).Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,1992.25—26.
[13] 王椿镛,张先康,丁志峰等.大别造山带上部地壳结构的有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,1997,40(4):495—502.WANGChunYong,ZHANGXianKang,DINGZhiFeng,etal.Finite differencetomographyofuppercrustalstructureinDabieshanorogenicbelt.ChineseJ .Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica
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