南海西南次海盆广角地震探测
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摘要
2010年12月—2011年3月在南海西南次海盆开展了海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismometer,OBS)探测,采用Sedis IV型、I-4C型和MicrOBS3种不同型号的OBS,以4×24.5L的大容量气枪为震源,获得了覆盖西南次海盆残留扩张脊的3D人工地震数据。从处理的地震数据可知,此次试验是一次比较成功的地震实验,OBS地震记录清晰、震相丰富,所使用的气枪有足够的能量输出,显示了其良好的工作能力。选取剖面1中的7台OBS进行了2D剖面处理。初步建模结果表明,南海西南次海盆地壳结构为普通洋壳,海山顶部沉积层很薄,莫霍面埋深较浅。
During December 2010 and March 2011,Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS) experiment was carried out in the southwest sub-basin of the South China Sea(SWSB).Three types of OBS,Sedis IV type,I-4C type and MicrOBS type,were used in the experiment,and the energy source was supplied by 4×24.5L large volume air-gun.High quality seismic data that covered the extinct mid ocean ridge of the SWSB were acquired.The data could provide evidence for oceanic crust structure of the SWSB and seafloor spreading course,among others.The data of the seven stations of Profile 1 have been processed, which shows that the seismic records are clear and seismic phases are abundance and that the air-guns had enough energy supplies.Seismic phase analysis and first arrival tomography indicate that the crust of the SWSB is normal oceanic crust with a thin sedimentary layer on the seamount and shallow moho,which provides a good foundation for future research.
During December 2010 and March 2011,Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS) experiment was carried out in the southwest sub-basin of the South China Sea(SWSB).Three types of OBS,Sedis IV type,I-4C type and MicrOBS type,were used in the experiment,and the energy source was supplied by 4×24.5L large volume air-gun.High quality seismic data that covered the extinct mid ocean ridge of the SWSB were acquired.The data could provide evidence for oceanic crust structure of the SWSB and seafloor spreading course,among others.The data of the seven stations of Profile 1 have been processed, which shows that the seismic records are clear and seismic phases are abundance and that the air-guns had enough energy supplies.Seismic phase analysis and first arrival tomography indicate that the crust of the SWSB is normal oceanic crust with a thin sedimentary layer on the seamount and shallow moho,which provides a good foundation for future research.
引文
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[24]BRIAIS A,PATRIAT P,TAPPONNIER P.Updatedinterpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreadingin the South China Sea:implications for the TertiaryTectonics of Southeast Asia[J].J Geophys Res,1993,98(B4):6299-6328.
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[2]金翔龙.南海地球科学研究报告[J].东海海洋,1989,7(4):21-29.
[3]刘光鼎.中国海区及邻域地球物理图集[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:1-10.
[4]金庆焕.南海地质与油气资源[M].北京:地质出版社,1989:222-343.
[5]姚伯初,曾维军,HAYES D E,等.中美合作调研南海地质专报[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:191-194.
[6]李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:220-228.
[7]丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等.南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展[J].自然科学进展,2003,(3):231-236.
[8]YAN PIN,ZHOU DI,LIU ZHAOSHU.A crustal structureprofile across the northern continental margin of the SouthChina Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,338(1):1-21.
[9]ZHAO M H,QIU X L,XIA S H,et al.Seismic structure inthe northeastern South China Sea:S-wave velocity andVp/Vs ratios derived from three-component OBS data[J].Tectonophysics,2010,480,183–197.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.10.004.
[10]QIU XUELIN,YE SANYU,WU SHIMIN,et al.Crustalstructure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South ChinaSea[J].Tectonophysics,2001,341:179-193.
[11]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等.南海东北部海陆深地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845-852.
[12]WANG T K,CHEN M K,LEE C S,et al.Seismic imaging ofthe transitional crust across the northeastern margin of theSouth China Sea[J].Tectonophysics,2006,412(3-4):237-254.
[13]李湘云,吴振利,薛彬,等.SEDISⅣ型短周期自浮式海底地震仪及应用体会[J].热带海洋学报,2007,26(5):35-39.
[14]吴振利,阮爱国,李家彪,等.南海中北部地壳深部结构探测新进展[J].华南地震,2008,28(1):21-28.
[15]阮爱国,丘学林,李家彪,等.中国海洋深地震探测与研究进展[J].华南地震,2009,29(2):10-18.
[16]阮爱国,牛雄伟,吴振利,等.潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的折射波2D速度结构和密度[J].高校地质学报,2009,15:417-428.
[17]阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺,等.国产I-4C型OBS西南印度洋中脊试[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(4):1015-1018.
[18]WU ZHENLI,LI JIABIAO,RUAN AIGUO,et al.Crustalstructure of the northwestern sub-basin,South China Sea:Results from a wide-angle seismic experiment[J].Sci ChinaEarth Sci,2012,55:159-172.doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4324-9.
[19]陈雪,林进峰.南海中央海盆岩石圈厚度和地壳年代的初步分析[J].海洋学报,1997,19(2):71-84.
[20]姚伯初.南海西南海盆的岩石圈张裂模式探讨[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):37-48.
[21]陈洁,温宁.南海地球物理图集[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:5-6.
[22]TAYLOR B,HAYES D E.The tectonic evolution of theSouth China Sea Basin[M]//HAYES D E.The tectonic andgeologic evolution of southeast Asian seas and islands.Geophys Monogr.Washington D C:AGU,1980,23:89-104.
[23]姚伯初.南海海盆在新生代的构造演化[J].南海地质研究,1991,3:9-23.
[24]BRIAIS A,PATRIAT P,TAPPONNIER P.Updatedinterpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreadingin the South China Sea:implications for the TertiaryTectonics of Southeast Asia[J].J Geophys Res,1993,98(B4):6299-6328.
[25]COHEN J K,STOCKWELL J W.The SU user's manual[M].Chicago:Colorado School of Mines,1995:1-40.
[26]MAKRIS J,THIE EN J.Wide-Angle Reflections:a Tool toPenetrate Horizons with High Acoustic ImpedanceContrasts[C].Exp Abstr,SEG 54th annual meeting,Atlanta.1984:672-674.
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