侵入砂体对深水油气勘探的研究意义
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摘要
侵入砂体是指深水沉积砂体在超压流体作用下侵入至上覆泥质沉积物中形成的砂体,它是深水盆地松散沉积物变形构造中常见的地质现象。侵入砂体由于其特殊的形成特点,可以明显改变原生沉积地层的几何形态和深水沉积物的物性参数,进而使储层复杂化,影响深水油气的勘探与开发,主要表现在:①侵入砂体改变了深水储层的性质及分布;②侵入砂体可能形成油气运移或散失的通道,并且改变了深水油气储层的垂向连通性;③大规模的侵入砂体本身也可以作为良好的油气储层;④侵入砂体的研究可以揭示未固结砂的流动机理,对于研究深水环境中广泛出现的浅水流的成因具有重要的借鉴意义。
Sandstone intrusion is a common deform structure resulting from remobilization of unconsolidated sandstone in deep-water basin.Soft sandstone intrudes up into overlying muddy sediment due to pore overpressure,and becomes consolidated after pressure balance.Sandstone intrusion can significantly change primary depositional geometries and physical properties of deepwater sediments,and causes great variations in reservoir characters,which may significantly affect petroleum exploration and development in such reservoirs.Intrusion may be associated with migration of hydrocarbon.The sandstone remobilization and injection may increase connectivity between reservoir compartments.Large scale intrusion may constitute potential reservoir because of highly porosity and permeability.Mechanism of unconsolidated sandstones may also be revealed through sandstones intrusion researching,which helps analyze shallow water flow.
Sandstone intrusion is a common deform structure resulting from remobilization of unconsolidated sandstone in deep-water basin.Soft sandstone intrudes up into overlying muddy sediment due to pore overpressure,and becomes consolidated after pressure balance.Sandstone intrusion can significantly change primary depositional geometries and physical properties of deepwater sediments,and causes great variations in reservoir characters,which may significantly affect petroleum exploration and development in such reservoirs.Intrusion may be associated with migration of hydrocarbon.The sandstone remobilization and injection may increase connectivity between reservoir compartments.Large scale intrusion may constitute potential reservoir because of highly porosity and permeability.Mechanism of unconsolidated sandstones may also be revealed through sandstones intrusion researching,which helps analyze shallow water flow.
引文
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[19]Shoulders S,Cartwright J,Huuse M.Large-scale conical sandstone intrusions and polygonal fault systems in Tranche6,Faroe-Shetland basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:173-188.
[20]Molyneux S,Cartwright J,Lonergan L.Conical sandstone injection structuresi maged by3Dseismicin the central North Sea,UK[J].First Break,1999,20:383-393.
[21]Lφseth H,Wensaas L,Arntsen B,et al.Gas andfluidinjec-tion triggering shallow mud mobilization in the Hordaland Group,North Sea[J].Geological Society of London,Special Publications,2003,216:139-157.
[22]Cartwright J.Episodic basin-wide fluid expulsion from geo-pressured shale sequencesin the North Sea Basin[J].Geolo-gy,1994,22:447-450.
[23]James D,Jolly R,Lonergan L.Discussion on mechanisms and controls on the formation of sand intrusions[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2003,160:495-496.
[24]Jonk R,Hurst A,Duranti D,et al.Origin and ti ming of sandinjection,petroleum migration,and diagenesis in Teri-ary reservoirs,south Viking Grabon,North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,83(3):329-357.
[25]Huuse M,Duranti D,Guargena C G,et al.Sandstoneintru-sions:detection and significance for exploration and produc-tion[J].First Break,2003,21:15-24.
[26]Boehm A,Moore J C.Fluidized sandstone intrusions as an indicator of paleostress orientation,Santa Cruz,California[J].Geofluids,2002,2:147-161.
[27]Jonk R.The structural and diagenetic evolution of injected sandstones:examples fromthe Ki mmeridgian of NE Scotland[J].Journal of the Geological Society of London,2003,160:881-894.
[28]Dixon R J,Schofield K,Anderton R,et al.Sandstone dia-pirismand clastic intrusion in the Tertiary submarinefans of the Bruce-Beryl Embayment,Quadrant9,UKCS[J].Geo-logical Society of London,Special Publications94,1995:77-94.
[29]Duranti D,Hurst A,Bell C,et al.Injected and remobilised sands fromthe Alba Field(Eocene,UKCS):core and wire-line log characteristics[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2002a,8:99-107.
[30]Jones E,Jones R,Ebdon C,et al.The Millennium Atlas:petroleumgeology of the central and northern North Sea[J].The Geological Society of London,2003:261-277.
[31]Guargena C G,Smith G B,Wardell J,et al.Sand Injections at Jotun Field,North Sea-Their possible i mpact on recovera-ble reserves[C]//64th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,Florence,Extended Abstracts H018,2002.
[32]Purvis K,Kao J,Flanagan K,et al.Complex reservoir ge-ometries in a deep-water clastic sequence,Gryphon Field UKCS:injection structures,geological modelling and reser-voir si mulation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:161-179.
[33]Mallick S,Dutta N C.Shallow water flow prediction using prestack waveforminversion of conventional3D seismic data and rock modeling[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):675-680.
[34]Ostermeier R M,Pelletier J H,Winker C D,et al.Dealing with shallow-water flowinthe deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):660-668.
[35]Lu Shaoming.Seismic characteristic of two deep-water drill-ing hazards:shallow-water flowsands and gas hydrate[D].University of Texas at Dallas,2003.
[36]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.[ZHANG Gongcheng,MI Lijun,WUShiguo,et al.Deepwa-ter area—the newprospectingtargets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.]
[37]彭大钧,庞雄,黄先律,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的形成模式[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):7-11.[PENG Dajun,PANG Xiong,HUANG Xianl,et al.Depositional model of Pearl River deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(5):7-11.]
[38]庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):11-15.[PANG Xiong,SHEN Jun,YUAN Lizhong,et al.Petroleum prospect in deep-water fan system of the Pearl River in the South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(3):11-15.]
[39]张启明.强超压储层天然气成藏条件[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):77-83.[ZHANG Qi ming.Natural gas accumula-tion in reserviors under strong overpressure condition[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(sup):77-83.]
[2]Pinder D.Offshore oil and gas:global resource knowledge and technological change[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2001,44:579-600.
[3]Henry S P,Paul W.Worldwide deepwater exploration and production:Past,present,and future[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(4):371-376.
[4]Rufino B B,Lawrence MG.Growth opportunitiesinthe Phil-ippine natural gas industry[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(9):898-900.
[5]Paul L K.Deepwater offshore oil development:opportunities and future challenges[C]//Biliana C,Robert W,Nancy F.Trends and Future Challenges for U.S.National Ocean and Coastal Policy.National Ocean Service,NOAA,1999:65-68.
[6]娄承.世界深水油气勘探开发展望[J].国际石油经济,2003,11(8):43-44.[LOU Cheng.Outlook into deep-water oil and gas exploration and development worldwide[J].Interna-tional Petroleum Economics,2003,11(8):43-44.]
[7]赵政璋,赵贤正,李景明,等.国外海洋深水油气勘探发展趋势及启示[J].中国石油勘探,2005(6):71-76.[ZHAO Zheng-zhang,ZHAO Xianzheng,LI Jingming,et al.Development trends andtheir inspiration of oversea deep offshore oil and gas exploration[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2005(6):71-76.]
[8]潘继平,张大伟,岳来群.全球海洋油气勘探开发状况与发展趋势[J].国土资源情报,2006(7):1-4.[PAN Jiping,ZHANG Dawei,YUE Laiqun.Status quo of global offshore oil and gas exploration and development and its trends[J].Land and Resources Information,2006(7):1-4.]
[9]吴时国,袁圣强.世界深水油气勘探进展与南海深水油气前景[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):693-699.[WU Shiguo,YUANShengqiang.Advance of exploration and petroleumge-ological features of deep-water hydrocarbon in the world[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(6):693-699.]
[10]Jenkins O P.Sandstone dikes as conduits for oil migration through shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,1930,14:411-421.
[11]Cartwright J,Huuse M,Aplin A.Seal bypass systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(8):1141-1166.
[12]Allen J.Principles of Physical Sedi mentology[M].George,Allen and Unwin,1985:272.
[13]Harms J C.Sandstone dikes in relation to Laramide faults and stress distributioninthe Southern Front Range,Colorad-o[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1965,76:981-1002.
[14]Thompson B J,Garrison R E,Moore J C.Alate Cenozoic intrusion west of Santa Cruz,California:fluidizedflowof wa-ter and hydrocarbon-saturated sedi ments[C]//Garrison R E,Aiello I,Moore J C.Late Cenozoic fluid seeps and tectonics a-long the San Gregorio Fault zone in the Monterey Bay Re-gion,California.Annual Meeting of the Pacific Section AAPG,Monterrey,California,1999:53-74.
[15]Lonergan L,Cartwright J.Polygonal faults and their influ-ence on deepwater sandstone reservoir geometries,Alba field,UK Central North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83:410-432.
[16]Hurst A,Cartwright J,Huuse M,et al.Signifacance of large-scale sand injectites as long-term fluid conduits:evi-dence fromseismic data[J].Geofluids,2003,3:263-274.
[17]Huuse M,Mickelson M.Eocene sandstone intrusions in the Tampen Spur area(Norwegian North Sea Quad34)i maged by3D seismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(2):141-155.
[18]Shoulders S,Cartwright J.A new approach to constraining the depth and ti ming of large-scale sandstone intrusions[J].Geology,2004,32(8):661-664.
[19]Shoulders S,Cartwright J,Huuse M.Large-scale conical sandstone intrusions and polygonal fault systems in Tranche6,Faroe-Shetland basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:173-188.
[20]Molyneux S,Cartwright J,Lonergan L.Conical sandstone injection structuresi maged by3Dseismicin the central North Sea,UK[J].First Break,1999,20:383-393.
[21]Lφseth H,Wensaas L,Arntsen B,et al.Gas andfluidinjec-tion triggering shallow mud mobilization in the Hordaland Group,North Sea[J].Geological Society of London,Special Publications,2003,216:139-157.
[22]Cartwright J.Episodic basin-wide fluid expulsion from geo-pressured shale sequencesin the North Sea Basin[J].Geolo-gy,1994,22:447-450.
[23]James D,Jolly R,Lonergan L.Discussion on mechanisms and controls on the formation of sand intrusions[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2003,160:495-496.
[24]Jonk R,Hurst A,Duranti D,et al.Origin and ti ming of sandinjection,petroleum migration,and diagenesis in Teri-ary reservoirs,south Viking Grabon,North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,83(3):329-357.
[25]Huuse M,Duranti D,Guargena C G,et al.Sandstoneintru-sions:detection and significance for exploration and produc-tion[J].First Break,2003,21:15-24.
[26]Boehm A,Moore J C.Fluidized sandstone intrusions as an indicator of paleostress orientation,Santa Cruz,California[J].Geofluids,2002,2:147-161.
[27]Jonk R.The structural and diagenetic evolution of injected sandstones:examples fromthe Ki mmeridgian of NE Scotland[J].Journal of the Geological Society of London,2003,160:881-894.
[28]Dixon R J,Schofield K,Anderton R,et al.Sandstone dia-pirismand clastic intrusion in the Tertiary submarinefans of the Bruce-Beryl Embayment,Quadrant9,UKCS[J].Geo-logical Society of London,Special Publications94,1995:77-94.
[29]Duranti D,Hurst A,Bell C,et al.Injected and remobilised sands fromthe Alba Field(Eocene,UKCS):core and wire-line log characteristics[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2002a,8:99-107.
[30]Jones E,Jones R,Ebdon C,et al.The Millennium Atlas:petroleumgeology of the central and northern North Sea[J].The Geological Society of London,2003:261-277.
[31]Guargena C G,Smith G B,Wardell J,et al.Sand Injections at Jotun Field,North Sea-Their possible i mpact on recovera-ble reserves[C]//64th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,Florence,Extended Abstracts H018,2002.
[32]Purvis K,Kao J,Flanagan K,et al.Complex reservoir ge-ometries in a deep-water clastic sequence,Gryphon Field UKCS:injection structures,geological modelling and reser-voir si mulation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:161-179.
[33]Mallick S,Dutta N C.Shallow water flow prediction using prestack waveforminversion of conventional3D seismic data and rock modeling[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):675-680.
[34]Ostermeier R M,Pelletier J H,Winker C D,et al.Dealing with shallow-water flowinthe deepwater Gulf of Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(7):660-668.
[35]Lu Shaoming.Seismic characteristic of two deep-water drill-ing hazards:shallow-water flowsands and gas hydrate[D].University of Texas at Dallas,2003.
[36]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.[ZHANG Gongcheng,MI Lijun,WUShiguo,et al.Deepwa-ter area—the newprospectingtargets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.]
[37]彭大钧,庞雄,黄先律,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的形成模式[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):7-11.[PENG Dajun,PANG Xiong,HUANG Xianl,et al.Depositional model of Pearl River deep-water fan systemin South China Sea[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(5):7-11.]
[38]庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):11-15.[PANG Xiong,SHEN Jun,YUAN Lizhong,et al.Petroleum prospect in deep-water fan system of the Pearl River in the South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(3):11-15.]
[39]张启明.强超压储层天然气成藏条件[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):77-83.[ZHANG Qi ming.Natural gas accumula-tion in reserviors under strong overpressure condition[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(sup):77-83.]
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