四阶累积量在剩余静校正中的应用研究
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摘要
最大能量法的剩余静校正由于采用互相关函数计算时间延迟 ,在处理复杂近地表条件下得到的低信噪比或含有相关高斯噪声以及大剩余静校正量的地震资料时 ,往往得不到很好的效果。文章提出了采用地震信号的高阶 (四阶 )累积量估计子函数代替互相关函数来进行时间延迟估计 ,针对高阶统计量对高斯噪声的盲目性特点 ,对常规的最大能量法剩余静校正进行了一定的改进 ,得到了一种新的基于四阶累积量时间延迟估计的剩余静校正处理方法。该计算法可以通过FFT变换实现其快速算法 ,与互相关函数时间延迟估计算法计算速度相当。试验结果表明 ,该方法不仅可以很好地抑制地震资料剩余静校正处理中的相关高斯噪声的影响 ,而且还可以处理复杂近地表资料中相对较大的剩余静校正量
When processing the seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio under the condition of complicated near surface or with relevant Gaussian noise and large residual statics,we didn’t always obtain the good result because of calculating the time delay by cross-correlation function in the residual static correction based on maximum-energy method.In the paper,the method,that estimating the time delay by cross-correlation function is replaced by estimating the subfunction by fourth-order cumulant of seismic signals,is put forward;and ,in light of the character of high order statistic’s being insensitive to Gaussian noise,a new residual static correction method of estimating the time delay by the fourth-order cumulant is achieved through a certain improvement on the conventional residual static correction based on maximum-energy method.A fast algorithm of such a method may be realized by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),which calculating speed is as fast as that of the method of estimating the time delay by cross-correlation function.The test results indicated that the method might not only restrain the influence of relevant Gaussian noise on the residual static correction in seismic data processing but also process the relatively large residual statics of complicated near surface seismic data.
When processing the seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio under the condition of complicated near surface or with relevant Gaussian noise and large residual statics,we didn’t always obtain the good result because of calculating the time delay by cross-correlation function in the residual static correction based on maximum-energy method.In the paper,the method,that estimating the time delay by cross-correlation function is replaced by estimating the subfunction by fourth-order cumulant of seismic signals,is put forward;and ,in light of the character of high order statistic’s being insensitive to Gaussian noise,a new residual static correction method of estimating the time delay by the fourth-order cumulant is achieved through a certain improvement on the conventional residual static correction based on maximum-energy method.A fast algorithm of such a method may be realized by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),which calculating speed is as fast as that of the method of estimating the time delay by cross-correlation function.The test results indicated that the method might not only restrain the influence of relevant Gaussian noise on the residual static correction in seismic data processing but also process the relatively large residual statics of complicated near surface seismic data.
引文
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2 RothmanD .Largenear surfaceanomalies,seismicreflectiondataandsimulatedannealing.StanfordExplorationProject,1985;45
3 KirchheimerF .ResidualstaticbyCDP localizedstackopti mization.GeophysicsProspecting,1990;38:577-606
4 石玉梅,刘天放,谢桂生.三阶累积量法在断层检测和落差估算中的应用.地质与勘探,2001;37(4):73～75
5 张贤达著.时间序列分析—高阶统计量方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
6 熊晓军.基于高阶统计量的地震资料处理与解释方法研究.西南石油学院硕士学位论文,2004
7 TugnaitJK .TimedelayestimationwithunknownspatiallycorrelatedGaussiannoise.IEEETransSignalProcessing,1993;41:549-558
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