南海南部海域中中新世(T_3界面)构造变革界面地震反射特征及构造含义
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摘要
南海南部海域油气资源丰富,由于盆地沉积厚度大、沉积相横向变化快和构造演化复杂等原因,致使该海域新生代地层的划分方案差异大,地层时代的认识也存在较大分歧,这极大地制约了对盆地油气资源评价的正确认识.本文在总结国内外不同分层方案基础上,通过收集国外在南海南部深水区两口关键钻井的资料,开展曾母和北康两盆地重处理二维地震剖面的构造-地层解译,以及联井剖面的井震对比,重新识别和标定新生代重要构造变革面的地震反射特征.根据海域钻井、地层岩性、沉积环境、构造应力体系和古生物资料的综合对比研究,结合婆罗洲陆地测年结果和区域构造事件,重新厘定中中新世T3构造变革面的发育时代,年龄为15～17Ma,分析了该界面的构造含义,认为其是南海海底扩张停止的一个构造响应界面,在南海南部海域对应南沙运动,在北婆罗洲地区表现为沙巴造山运动.
Due to the large depositional thickness,quick changes of the strata facies and the complexity of tectonic evolution,it is very difficult and controversial to divide and date Cenozoic stratigraphic system in the southern South China Sea(SCS).In this work,all kinds of stratigraphic systems proposed by domestic and overseas scholars were compared and summarized,and the 2Dseismic profiles by seismic reprocessing were interpreted using drilling data of two key wells obtained overseas,and the seismic reflection characteristics about key tectonic revolutionary surfaces were identified and divided.Based on the data of drilling,lithology,depositional environment,tectonic stress system and paleontology,combined with the tectonic events and the results of chronometry from Borneo,the development time about the tectonic surface of mid-Miocene(T 3 seismic interface) was determined.The analysis of this tectonic revolutionary surface showed that the sea-floor spreading of SCS stopped between 15～ 17Ma which corresponded with Nansha Movement in the Southern SCS and with Sabah orogenic event in the northern part of Borneo.
Due to the large depositional thickness,quick changes of the strata facies and the complexity of tectonic evolution,it is very difficult and controversial to divide and date Cenozoic stratigraphic system in the southern South China Sea(SCS).In this work,all kinds of stratigraphic systems proposed by domestic and overseas scholars were compared and summarized,and the 2Dseismic profiles by seismic reprocessing were interpreted using drilling data of two key wells obtained overseas,and the seismic reflection characteristics about key tectonic revolutionary surfaces were identified and divided.Based on the data of drilling,lithology,depositional environment,tectonic stress system and paleontology,combined with the tectonic events and the results of chronometry from Borneo,the development time about the tectonic surface of mid-Miocene(T 3 seismic interface) was determined.The analysis of this tectonic revolutionary surface showed that the sea-floor spreading of SCS stopped between 15～ 17Ma which corresponded with Nansha Movement in the Southern SCS and with Sabah orogenic event in the northern part of Borneo.
引文
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[4]Hall R.Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SEAsia and the SW Pacific:computer-based reconstructions,model and animations.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,20(4):353-431.
[5]Clift P,Lina J,Barckhausen U.Evidence of low flexuralrigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust duringcontinental break-up in the South China Sea.Marine andPetroleum Geology,2002,19(8):951-970.
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[8]Hall R.Hydrocarbon basins in SE Asia:understanding whythey are there.Petroleum Geoscience,2009,15(2):131-146.
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[10]Madon M B H,Karim R B A,Fatt R W H.Tertiarystratigraphy and correlation schemes.//Leong K M,ed.The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia.Petronas(Petroliam Nasional Berhad),Kuala Lumpu,2000,115-137.
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[18]周蒂,孙珍,杨少坤等.南沙海区曾母盆地地层系统.地球科学,2011,36(5):789-797.Zhou D,Sun Z,Yang S K,et al.The stratigraphic system ofthe Zengmu Basin,Southern South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geoscience(in Chinese),2011,36(5):789-797.
[19]孙珍,赵忠贤,周蒂等.南沙海域盆地的地层系统与沉积结构.地球科学,2011,36(5):798-806Sun Z,Zhao Z X,Zhou D,et al.The stratigraphy and thesequence achitecture of the Basins in Nansha Region.EarthScience—Journal of China University of Geoscience(inChinese),2011,36(5):798-806.
[20]张光学,白志琳.南海万安盆地地层划分对比及命名新思考.中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(4):227-234.Zhang G X,Bai Z L.A new speculation of stratigraphicdivision,correlation and nomenclature of Wan′an basin in theSouth China Sea.China Marine Petroleum(Geology)(inChinese),1998,12(1):227-234.
[21]Petronas.Research and Scientific Services,Petronas.Petroleum Management Unit.The Petroleum Geology andResources of Malaysia.Petronas,1999.
[22]Hutchison C S.Marginal basin evolution:The southernSouth China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(9):1129-1148.
[23]Cullen A B.Transverse segmentation of the Baram-BalabacBasin,NW Borneo:refining the model of Borneo′s tectonicevolution.Petroleum Geoscience,2010,16(1):3-29.
[24]Fuller M,Haston R,Lin J L,et al.Tertiary paleomagnetism ofregions around the South China Sea.Journalof SoutheastAsianEarthSciences,1991,6(3-4):161-184.
[25]Fuller M,Ali J R,Moss S J,et al.Paleomagnetism ofBorneo.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17(1-2):3-24.
[26]Ru K,Pigott J D.Episodic rifting and subsidence in theSouth China Sea.American Association of PetroleumGeologists Bulletin,1986,70:1136-1155.
[27]杨木壮,吴进民.南海南部新生代构造应力场特征与构造演化.热带海洋学报,1996,15(2):45-52.Yang M Z,Wu J M.Tectonic stress field and tectonicevolution in the south of South China Sea.Tropic Oceanology(inChinese),1996,15(2):45-52.
[28]姚伯初.南沙群岛万安盆地构造演化史再探讨.热带海洋.1997,16(3):15-22.Yao B C.A rediscussion on the tectonic evolutional history ofthe Wan′an basin in Nansha area.TropicOceanology(inChinese),1997,16(3):15-22.
[29]吴进民.南沙海域万安盆地新生代构造运动和构造演化.海洋地质,1999,(2):1-11.Wu J M.The Cenozoic tectonic movement and tectonicevolution in Nansha region of South China Sea.Hai Yang DiZhi(in Chinese),1999,(2):1-11.
[30]姚永坚,姜玉昆,曾祥辉.南沙海域新生代构造运动特征.中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(2):113-117.Yao Y J,Jiang Y K,Zeng X H.Cenozoic tectonicmovements in Nansha area,South China Sea.ChinaOffshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),2002,6(2):113-117.
[31]Hall R,Van Hattum M W A,Spakman W.Impact of India-Asia collision on SE Asia:the record in Borneo.Tectonophysics,2008,451(1-4):366-369.
[32]Hazenbroek H P,Tan D N K.Tertiary tectonic evolution ofthe Northwest Sabah Continental Margin.//The G H(ed.).Proceedings symposium on the Tectonic frameworkand energy resources of the western margin of the PacificBasin.Geological Society of Malaysia,Special Publication,1993,33:195-210.
[33]Hutchison C S.The‘Rajang Accretionary Prism’and‘Lupar Line’Problem of Borneo.In:Hall R,Blundell D J(eds.).Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia.GeologicalSociety,London,Special Publications,1996,106:247-261.
[34]Moss S J.Embaluh Group turbidites in Kalimantan:evolution of a remnant oceanic basin in Borneo during the lateCretaceous to Palaeogene.Journal of the Geological Society,London,1998,155(3):509-524.
[35]姚永坚,夏斌,吴能有等.南海南部海域曾母盆地油气地质特征.中国地质.2008,35(3):503-513.Yao Y J,Xia B,Wu N Y,et al.Petroleum geology of theZengmu basin in the southern South China Sea.Geology inChina(in Chinese),2008,35(2):503-513.
[36]Williams P R,Johnston C R,Almond R A,et al.Latecretaceous to early tertiary structural elements of westKalimantan.Tectonophysics,1988,148(3-4):279-297.
[37]Hutchison C S.Geological Evolution of South-east Asia.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1989.
[38]李家彪,丁巍伟,高金耀等.南海新生代海底扩张的构造演化模式:来自高分辨率地球物理数据的新认识.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3004-3015.Li J B,Ding W W,Gao J Y,et al.Cenozoic evolution modelof the sea-floor spreading in South China Sea:new constraintsfrom high resolution geophysical data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3004-3015.
[2]Hall R.Cenozoic plate reconstructions of SE Asia.//HallR,Blundell D J(eds.).Tectonic Evolution of SoutheastAsia.Geological Society.London:Special Publications,1997,106:153-184.
[3]Hall R,Wilson M E J.Neogene sutures in easternIndonesia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18(6):781-808.
[4]Hall R.Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SEAsia and the SW Pacific:computer-based reconstructions,model and animations.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,20(4):353-431.
[5]Clift P,Lina J,Barckhausen U.Evidence of low flexuralrigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust duringcontinental break-up in the South China Sea.Marine andPetroleum Geology,2002,19(8):951-970.
[6]Balaguru A,Hall R.Tectonic evolution and sedimentation ofSabah,North Borneo,Malaysia.Extended abstract,presented atthe American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2008International Conference,Cape Town,South Africa.
[7]Balaguru A,Nichols G.Tertiary stratigraphy and basinevolution,southern Sabah(Malaysian Borneo).Journal ofAsian Earth Sciences,2004,23(4):537-554.
[8]Hall R.Hydrocarbon basins in SE Asia:understanding whythey are there.Petroleum Geoscience,2009,15(2):131-146.
[9]Ho K F.Stratigraphic framework for oil exploration inSarawak.Geological Society of Malaysia Bull,1978,10:1-13.
[10]Madon M B H,Karim R B A,Fatt R W H.Tertiarystratigraphy and correlation schemes.//Leong K M,ed.The petroleum geology and resources of Malaysia.Petronas(Petroliam Nasional Berhad),Kuala Lumpu,2000,115-137.
[11]ASCOPE.Tertiary sedimentary basins of the Gulf ofThailand and South China sea:stratigraphy,structure andhydrocarbon occurrences.ASCOPE Secretariat,1981.
[12]Mat-Zin I C,Tucker M E.An alternative stratigraphicscheme for the Sarawak Basin.Journal of Asian EarthSciences,1999,17(1-2):215-232.
[13]Abdul M M,Robert H F W.Seismic sequence stratigraphyof the tertiary sediments,offshore sarawak deepwater area,Malaysia.Geol.Soc.Malay.Bull.,1995,37:354-361.
[14]Ismall M I,Eusoff A R,Mohammad A M,et al.Thegeology of Sarawak deepwater and surrounding areas.Geol.Soc.Malay.Bull.,1995,37:165-178.
[15]Almond J,Vincent P,Williams L R.The application ofdetailed reservoir geological studies in the D18 Field,Balingian Province,offshore Sarawak.Geol.Soc.Malay.Bull.,1990,27:137-159.
[16]吴进民,杨木壮.南海西南部地震层序的时代分析.南海地质研究,1994,(6):16-29.Wu J M,Yang M Z.Age analysis of seismic sequences in thesouthwestern South China Sea.Marine Geology and QuaternaryGeology(in Chinese),1996,(6):16-29.
[17]杨木壮,吴进民.曾母盆地地层发育特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,(1):18-27.Yang M Z,Wu J M.The stratigraphy of the Zeng-mu basin.Geology and Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),1996,(1):18-27.
[18]周蒂,孙珍,杨少坤等.南沙海区曾母盆地地层系统.地球科学,2011,36(5):789-797.Zhou D,Sun Z,Yang S K,et al.The stratigraphic system ofthe Zengmu Basin,Southern South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geoscience(in Chinese),2011,36(5):789-797.
[19]孙珍,赵忠贤,周蒂等.南沙海域盆地的地层系统与沉积结构.地球科学,2011,36(5):798-806Sun Z,Zhao Z X,Zhou D,et al.The stratigraphy and thesequence achitecture of the Basins in Nansha Region.EarthScience—Journal of China University of Geoscience(inChinese),2011,36(5):798-806.
[20]张光学,白志琳.南海万安盆地地层划分对比及命名新思考.中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(4):227-234.Zhang G X,Bai Z L.A new speculation of stratigraphicdivision,correlation and nomenclature of Wan′an basin in theSouth China Sea.China Marine Petroleum(Geology)(inChinese),1998,12(1):227-234.
[21]Petronas.Research and Scientific Services,Petronas.Petroleum Management Unit.The Petroleum Geology andResources of Malaysia.Petronas,1999.
[22]Hutchison C S.Marginal basin evolution:The southernSouth China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(9):1129-1148.
[23]Cullen A B.Transverse segmentation of the Baram-BalabacBasin,NW Borneo:refining the model of Borneo′s tectonicevolution.Petroleum Geoscience,2010,16(1):3-29.
[24]Fuller M,Haston R,Lin J L,et al.Tertiary paleomagnetism ofregions around the South China Sea.Journalof SoutheastAsianEarthSciences,1991,6(3-4):161-184.
[25]Fuller M,Ali J R,Moss S J,et al.Paleomagnetism ofBorneo.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17(1-2):3-24.
[26]Ru K,Pigott J D.Episodic rifting and subsidence in theSouth China Sea.American Association of PetroleumGeologists Bulletin,1986,70:1136-1155.
[27]杨木壮,吴进民.南海南部新生代构造应力场特征与构造演化.热带海洋学报,1996,15(2):45-52.Yang M Z,Wu J M.Tectonic stress field and tectonicevolution in the south of South China Sea.Tropic Oceanology(inChinese),1996,15(2):45-52.
[28]姚伯初.南沙群岛万安盆地构造演化史再探讨.热带海洋.1997,16(3):15-22.Yao B C.A rediscussion on the tectonic evolutional history ofthe Wan′an basin in Nansha area.TropicOceanology(inChinese),1997,16(3):15-22.
[29]吴进民.南沙海域万安盆地新生代构造运动和构造演化.海洋地质,1999,(2):1-11.Wu J M.The Cenozoic tectonic movement and tectonicevolution in Nansha region of South China Sea.Hai Yang DiZhi(in Chinese),1999,(2):1-11.
[30]姚永坚,姜玉昆,曾祥辉.南沙海域新生代构造运动特征.中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(2):113-117.Yao Y J,Jiang Y K,Zeng X H.Cenozoic tectonicmovements in Nansha area,South China Sea.ChinaOffshore Oil and Gas(in Chinese),2002,6(2):113-117.
[31]Hall R,Van Hattum M W A,Spakman W.Impact of India-Asia collision on SE Asia:the record in Borneo.Tectonophysics,2008,451(1-4):366-369.
[32]Hazenbroek H P,Tan D N K.Tertiary tectonic evolution ofthe Northwest Sabah Continental Margin.//The G H(ed.).Proceedings symposium on the Tectonic frameworkand energy resources of the western margin of the PacificBasin.Geological Society of Malaysia,Special Publication,1993,33:195-210.
[33]Hutchison C S.The‘Rajang Accretionary Prism’and‘Lupar Line’Problem of Borneo.In:Hall R,Blundell D J(eds.).Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia.GeologicalSociety,London,Special Publications,1996,106:247-261.
[34]Moss S J.Embaluh Group turbidites in Kalimantan:evolution of a remnant oceanic basin in Borneo during the lateCretaceous to Palaeogene.Journal of the Geological Society,London,1998,155(3):509-524.
[35]姚永坚,夏斌,吴能有等.南海南部海域曾母盆地油气地质特征.中国地质.2008,35(3):503-513.Yao Y J,Xia B,Wu N Y,et al.Petroleum geology of theZengmu basin in the southern South China Sea.Geology inChina(in Chinese),2008,35(2):503-513.
[36]Williams P R,Johnston C R,Almond R A,et al.Latecretaceous to early tertiary structural elements of westKalimantan.Tectonophysics,1988,148(3-4):279-297.
[37]Hutchison C S.Geological Evolution of South-east Asia.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1989.
[38]李家彪,丁巍伟,高金耀等.南海新生代海底扩张的构造演化模式:来自高分辨率地球物理数据的新认识.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3004-3015.Li J B,Ding W W,Gao J Y,et al.Cenozoic evolution modelof the sea-floor spreading in South China Sea:new constraintsfrom high resolution geophysical data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3004-3015.
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