东海陆架沙脊三维地震地貌学、演化及成因
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摘要
线状陆架沙脊一直是海洋地质学和沉积学研究的热点。基于东海近海底1700km2的三维地震数据,对陆架沙脊开展地震地貌学、沉积构型、成因和演化研究,并取得以下3点认识:(1)研究区发育7条NW-SE向陆架沙脊体系,海底呈槽脊相间地形特征。沙脊表面发育NE-SW向沙波体系。脊1、脊2、脊4和脊6表现为2～3条交叉或合并的沙脊体系,而脊3、脊5和脊7呈现为独立沙脊体系。(2)线状陆架沙脊横剖面左右不对称,宽2～11km,脊高3～31m,坡面相对较缓,倾角大多小于1°。(3)研究区水深变化和近海底潮流速度等因素指示研究区沙脊处于活动沙脊和衰亡沙脊的过渡阶段。研究第四纪陆架沙脊对沙脊储层的预测具有一定的指导意义。
The study on linear shelf sand ridges is always a hot topic in the field of marine geology and sedimentology. On the base of near-seafloor 3D seismic data which covers an area of 1 700 km2 ,the seismic geomorphology,sedimentary architecture,genesis and evolution of the shelf sand ridges were discussed in this paper. The following conclusions have been drawn from this study: (1) 7 NW-SE oriented shelf sand ridge systems have developed in this study area. The seafloor in the study area is characterized by a ridge-and-swale topography. Sand waves oriented NE-SW have been observed in the surface of the sand ridges. The ridge 1,ridge 2, ridge 4 and ridge 6 were composed of 2 to 3 cross-combining sand ridges. While the ridge 3,ridge 5 and ridge 7 were revealed as a single sand ridge in the study area. (2)The linear sand shelf ridges are asymmetric in cross section and are oriented parallel to the current direction. The sand ridges have a length between 2 km and 11km. Their heights are from 3 m to 31 m. The angle of dip of the slope is mostly less than 1°. (3) In this study area,the stage of the sand ridges between active sand ridge and moribund sand ridge have been indicated by the change of water depth and the velocity of tidal current. Investigation of sand ridges on the Quaternary shelf is of critical importance for predicting tidal sand reservoirs.
The study on linear shelf sand ridges is always a hot topic in the field of marine geology and sedimentology. On the base of near-seafloor 3D seismic data which covers an area of 1 700 km2 ,the seismic geomorphology,sedimentary architecture,genesis and evolution of the shelf sand ridges were discussed in this paper. The following conclusions have been drawn from this study: (1) 7 NW-SE oriented shelf sand ridge systems have developed in this study area. The seafloor in the study area is characterized by a ridge-and-swale topography. Sand waves oriented NE-SW have been observed in the surface of the sand ridges. The ridge 1,ridge 2, ridge 4 and ridge 6 were composed of 2 to 3 cross-combining sand ridges. While the ridge 3,ridge 5 and ridge 7 were revealed as a single sand ridge in the study area. (2)The linear sand shelf ridges are asymmetric in cross section and are oriented parallel to the current direction. The sand ridges have a length between 2 km and 11km. Their heights are from 3 m to 31 m. The angle of dip of the slope is mostly less than 1°. (3) In this study area,the stage of the sand ridges between active sand ridge and moribund sand ridge have been indicated by the change of water depth and the velocity of tidal current. Investigation of sand ridges on the Quaternary shelf is of critical importance for predicting tidal sand reservoirs.
引文
[1]Green A.Sediment dynamics on the narrow,canyon-incised and current-swept shelf of the northern KwaZulu-Natal continental shelf,South Africa[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2009,29(4):201-219.
[2]吴自银,金翔龙,曹振轶,等.东海陆架沙脊分布及其形成演化[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(2):188-198.
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[7]Son C S,Flemming B W,Bartholoma A,et al.Long-term chan-ges in morphology and textural sediment characteristics in re-sponse to energy variation on shoreface-connected ridges off the east Frisian barrier-island coast,Southern North Sea[J].Jour-nal of Sedimentary Research,2012,82(6):385-399.
[8]Zheng Q N,Zhao Q,Yuan Y L,et al.Shear-flow induced sec-ondary circulation in parallel underwater topographic corrugation and its application to satellite image interpretation[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2012,11(4):427-435.
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[11]杨文达.东海海底沙脊的结构及沉积环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):9-16.
[12]刘忠臣,陈义兰,丁继胜,等.东海海底地形分区特征和成因研究[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(2):160-173.l f t l
[13]Liu Z X,Berne S,Saito Y,et al.Internal architecture and mob-ility of tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2007,27(13):1820-1834.
[14]吴自银,金翔龙,李家彪.中更新世以来长江口至冲绳海槽高分辨率地震地层学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(2):9-20.
[15]吴自银,曹振轶,王小波,等.海底沙脊地貌的研究现状及进展[J].海洋学研究,2006,24(3):53-63.
[16]王嵘,张永战,夏非,等.南黄海辐射沙脊群海域底质粒度特征及其运输趋势[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):1-8.
[17]刘振夏,夏东兴.中国近海潮流沉积沙体[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004:11-126.
[18]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stratigra-phy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73:367-388.
[19]Zeng H L,Loucks R,Janson X,et al.Three-dimensional seis-mic geomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician paleokarst drainage system in the central Tabei Uplift,northern Tarim Ba-sin,western China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95:2061-2083.
[20]Li L,Wang Y M,Xu Q,et al.Seismic geomorphology and main controls of deep-water gravity flow sedimentary process on the slope of the northern South China Sea[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(5):747-757.
[21]丁述理.黔西纳雍煤系地层中潮汐沙脊的发现[J].地层学杂志,1994,18(3):217-220.
[22]邓宏文,郑文波.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近系珠海组近海潮汐沉积特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(5):767-775.
[23]郑文波,邓宏文.惠州凹陷A区块珠海组潮汐沉积层序地层与储层分布预测[J].现代地质,2009,23(5):791-796.
[24]阮伟,黄洁.潮流沙脊和沙波沉积结构特征——以西班牙东北部比利牛斯前陆盆地Roda砂岩组为例[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):118-127.
[25]Liu Z X,Xia D X,Berne S.Tidal deposition systems of conti-nental shelf,with special reference to the eastern Bohai Sea[J].Marine Geology,1998,145(3/4):225-253.
[26]赵保仁,方国洪,曹德明.渤、黄、东海潮汐潮流的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,1994,16(5):1-10.
[27]Xu K H,Li A C,Liu J P,et al.Provenance,structure,and for-mation of the mud wedge along inner continental shelf of the East China Sea:A synthesis of the Yangtze dispersal system[J].Ma-rine Geology,2012,291-294(1):176-191.
[28]Huthnance J M.On one mechanism forming linear sand banks[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,1982,14(1):79-99.
[29]Snedden J W,Dalrymple R W.Modern shelf sand ridges:from historical perspective to a unified hydrodynamic and evolutionary model[M]//Bergman K M,Snedden J W.Isolated Shallow Marine Sand Bodies:Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Sedim-entologic Interpretations.Tulsa,Okla:SEPM,1999,64:13-28.
[2]吴自银,金翔龙,曹振轶,等.东海陆架沙脊分布及其形成演化[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(2):188-198.
[3]Shi W,Wang M H,Li X F,et al.Ocean sand ridge signatures in the Bohai Sea observed by satellite ocean color and synthetic aper-ture radar measurements[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(8):1926-1934.
[4]Snedden J W,Tillman R W,Culver S.Genesis and evolution of a mid-shelf,storm-built sand ridge,New Jersey continental shelf,U.S.A[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2011,81(7):534-552.
[5]Forsyth A J,Nott J,Bateman M D,et al.Juxtaposed beach rid-ges and foredunes within a ridge plain-Wonga Beach,northeast Australia[J].Marine Geology,2012,307:111-116.
[6]Green A N,Smith A M.Can ancient shelf sand ridges be mistak-en for Gilbert-type deltas?Examples from the Vryheid Formation,Ecca Group,KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa[J].Journal of Afri-can Earth Sciences,2012,76(7):27-33.
[7]Son C S,Flemming B W,Bartholoma A,et al.Long-term chan-ges in morphology and textural sediment characteristics in re-sponse to energy variation on shoreface-connected ridges off the east Frisian barrier-island coast,Southern North Sea[J].Jour-nal of Sedimentary Research,2012,82(6):385-399.
[8]Zheng Q N,Zhao Q,Yuan Y L,et al.Shear-flow induced sec-ondary circulation in parallel underwater topographic corrugation and its application to satellite image interpretation[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2012,11(4):427-435.
[9]杨长恕.弶港辐射沙脊成因探讨[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(3):35-44.
[10]Berne S,Vagner P,Guichard F,et al.Pleistocene forced regres-sions and tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2002,188(3/4):293-315.
[11]杨文达.东海海底沙脊的结构及沉积环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):9-16.
[12]刘忠臣,陈义兰,丁继胜,等.东海海底地形分区特征和成因研究[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(2):160-173.l f t l
[13]Liu Z X,Berne S,Saito Y,et al.Internal architecture and mob-ility of tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2007,27(13):1820-1834.
[14]吴自银,金翔龙,李家彪.中更新世以来长江口至冲绳海槽高分辨率地震地层学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(2):9-20.
[15]吴自银,曹振轶,王小波,等.海底沙脊地貌的研究现状及进展[J].海洋学研究,2006,24(3):53-63.
[16]王嵘,张永战,夏非,等.南黄海辐射沙脊群海域底质粒度特征及其运输趋势[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):1-8.
[17]刘振夏,夏东兴.中国近海潮流沉积沙体[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004:11-126.
[18]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stratigra-phy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73:367-388.
[19]Zeng H L,Loucks R,Janson X,et al.Three-dimensional seis-mic geomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician paleokarst drainage system in the central Tabei Uplift,northern Tarim Ba-sin,western China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95:2061-2083.
[20]Li L,Wang Y M,Xu Q,et al.Seismic geomorphology and main controls of deep-water gravity flow sedimentary process on the slope of the northern South China Sea[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2012,55(5):747-757.
[21]丁述理.黔西纳雍煤系地层中潮汐沙脊的发现[J].地层学杂志,1994,18(3):217-220.
[22]邓宏文,郑文波.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近系珠海组近海潮汐沉积特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(5):767-775.
[23]郑文波,邓宏文.惠州凹陷A区块珠海组潮汐沉积层序地层与储层分布预测[J].现代地质,2009,23(5):791-796.
[24]阮伟,黄洁.潮流沙脊和沙波沉积结构特征——以西班牙东北部比利牛斯前陆盆地Roda砂岩组为例[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):118-127.
[25]Liu Z X,Xia D X,Berne S.Tidal deposition systems of conti-nental shelf,with special reference to the eastern Bohai Sea[J].Marine Geology,1998,145(3/4):225-253.
[26]赵保仁,方国洪,曹德明.渤、黄、东海潮汐潮流的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,1994,16(5):1-10.
[27]Xu K H,Li A C,Liu J P,et al.Provenance,structure,and for-mation of the mud wedge along inner continental shelf of the East China Sea:A synthesis of the Yangtze dispersal system[J].Ma-rine Geology,2012,291-294(1):176-191.
[28]Huthnance J M.On one mechanism forming linear sand banks[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,1982,14(1):79-99.
[29]Snedden J W,Dalrymple R W.Modern shelf sand ridges:from historical perspective to a unified hydrodynamic and evolutionary model[M]//Bergman K M,Snedden J W.Isolated Shallow Marine Sand Bodies:Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Sedim-entologic Interpretations.Tulsa,Okla:SEPM,1999,64:13-28.
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