完全库仑破裂应力变化与云南龙陵震群序列的应力触发
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摘要
计算和研究了1976年云南龙陵Ms7.3、Ms7.4双主震产生的完全库仑破裂应力变化及其对后续震群序列的动态和静态应力触发作用.结果显示,龙陵第2主震受到了第1主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力的触发作用.龙陵双主震的13个后续强余震中,发生在龙陵三角形块体内部的强余震,90%都受到了第1或第2主震的动态库仑破裂应力触发或静态库仑破裂应力触发作用,发生在三角形块体外部的强余震,2/3受到了第2主震的动态库仑破裂应力触发作用.从触发作用的强度和范围上看,第2主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力触发作用都大于第1主震.就近场而言,受到龙陵双主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力触发作用的余震数目相当,但动态库仑破裂应力的触发作用范围大于静态库仑破裂应力.
The complete Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the 1976 Ms7.3, Ms7.4 Yunnan Longling double main earthquakes are calculated. And dynamic and static stress triggering effects on the after earthquake sequence are studied. The results show that the second main earthquake is subjected to the triggering effect of dynamic and static Coulomb stresses induced by the first main earthquake. Among the thirteen strong aftershocks of the double main earthquakes, 90% of the aftershocks occurred inside the triangle block are subjected to the triggering effect of dynamic and static Coulomb stresses induced by the first or the second main earthquakes. And 2/3 of the aftershocks occurred outside the triangle block are subjected to the triggering effect of dynamic and static Coulomb stresses induced by the second main earthquakes. The dynamic and static stresses triggering effects of the second main earthquake are stronger than the first main earthquake both in intensity and in extent. In near field the numbers of aftershocks triggered by dynamic and static Coulomb stress are about equal. However the range of triggering effect of dynamic Coulomb stress is larger than that of static Coulomb stress.
The complete Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the 1976 Ms7.3, Ms7.4 Yunnan Longling double main earthquakes are calculated. And dynamic and static stress triggering effects on the after earthquake sequence are studied. The results show that the second main earthquake is subjected to the triggering effect of dynamic and static Coulomb stresses induced by the first main earthquake. Among the thirteen strong aftershocks of the double main earthquakes, 90% of the aftershocks occurred inside the triangle block are subjected to the triggering effect of dynamic and static Coulomb stresses induced by the first or the second main earthquakes. And 2/3 of the aftershocks occurred outside the triangle block are subjected to the triggering effect of dynamic and static Coulomb stresses induced by the second main earthquakes. The dynamic and static stresses triggering effects of the second main earthquake are stronger than the first main earthquake both in intensity and in extent. In near field the numbers of aftershocks triggered by dynamic and static Coulomb stress are about equal. However the range of triggering effect of dynamic Coulomb stress is larger than that of static Coulomb stress.
引文
[1]张四昌,刁桂苓,王绍晋等.1976年龙陵震群序列的破裂特征.中国地震,1994,10(2):152～159Zhang S C,Diao G L,Wang S J,et al.Rupture characteristics of the1976Longling earthquake sequence.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),1994,10(2):152～159
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[6]Wang WH,Chen C H.Static stress transferred by the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,Earthquake:effects on the stability of the surrounding fault systems and aftershock triggering with a3D fault-slip model.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2001,91:1041～1052
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[10]Tibi R,Wliens D A,Inoue H.Remotetriggeringof deepearthquakes inthe2002Tonga sequences.Nature,2003,424:921～925
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[14]Brodsky E E,Karakostas V,Kanamori H.A new observation of dynamically triggered regional seismicity:Earthquake in Greece followingthe August,1999Izmit Turkey earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,27:2741～2744
[15]Kilb D,GombergJ,Bodin P.Triggeringof earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses.Nature,2000,408:570～574
[16]Gomberg J,Blanpied ML,Beeler N M.Transient triggering of near and distant earthquakes.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:294～309
[17]Parsons T.Ahypothesis for delayed dynamic earthquake triggering.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32:L04302
[18]邱泽华,石耀霖.地震造成远距离应力阶变的观测实例.中国科学,2003,33(增刊):60～64Qiu Z H,Shi Y L.Observations of remote coseismic stress step-changes.Science in China(in Chinese),2003,33(Suppl.):60～64
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[20]沈正康,万永革,甘卫军等.东昆仑活动断裂带大地震之间的黏弹性应力触发研究.地球物理学报,2003,46(6):786～795Shen Z K,Wan YG,Gan WJ,et al.Viscoelastic triggering among large earthquakes along the east Kunlun fault system.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6):786～795
[21]傅征祥,刘桂萍,陈棋福.青藏高原北缘海原、古浪、昌马大地震间相互作用的动力学分析.地震地质,2001,23(1):35～42Fu Z X,Liu G P,Chen Q F.Dynamic analysis on interaction betweenthe Haiyuan-Gulang-Ghangma great earthquake in the north boundary of the Tibetan plateau.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2001,23(1):35～42
[22]Kilb D,Gomberg J,Bodin P.Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes.J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107(B4):2060,Doi:10.1029/2001JB000202
[23]Bouchon M.A review of the discrete wavenumber method.Pure Appl.Geophys,2003,160:445～465
[24]解朝娣,吴小平,虎雄林.地震破裂产生的动态应变场的模拟计算研究.地震研究,2006,29(2):137～142Xie C D,Wu X P,Hu X L.Simulated calculation research of dynamic strain field caused by seismic rupture.J.Seismol.Research(in Chinese),2006,29(2):137～142
[25]Heaton T H.Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses of slipin earthquake rupture.Phys.Earth Plan.Int.,1990,64:1～20
[26]Tibi R,Bock G,Xia Y M,et al.Rupture processes of the1999August17Izmit and November12Dzce(Turkey)earthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.,2001,144(2):Doi:10.1046/j.1365～246x
[27]胡家富,苏有锦,朱雄关等.云南的地壳S波速度与泊松比结构及其意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(8):714～722Hu J F,Su YJ,Zhu X G,et al.S-wave velocity and Poisson sratio structure of crust in Yunnan and it s implication.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(8):714～722
[28]胡家富,丛连理,苏有锦等.云南及周边地区Lg尾波Q值的分布特征.地球物理学报,2003,46(6):809～813Hu J F,Cong LL,Su YJ,et al.Distribution characters ofQvalue of the Lg code in Yunnan and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6):809～813
[29]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):228～237Wu J P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.The S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stations of Yunnan province inferred from teleseismic receiver function modeling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):228～237
[30]国家地震局工程力学研究所.龙陵地震强震记录常规处理报告.北京:地震出版社,1989The Institute of Engineering Mechanics,State Earthquake Administration.Report of Longling Earthquake Strong Earthquake Records Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1989
[30]马宏生,汪素云,裴顺平等.川滇及周边地区地壳横波衰减的成像研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):465～471Ma HS,Wang S Y,Pei S P,et al.Q0tomography of S wave attenuation in Sichuan-Yunnan and adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):465～471
[31]曹忠权,张智,田小波.青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带域岩石密度结构及意义.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):523～528Cao Z Q,Zhang Z,Tian X B.Rock density structure in Bangong-Nujiangsuture zone and its significance.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):523～528
[32]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.川滇地区速度结构的区域地震波形反演研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1369～1376WuJ P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.Regional waveforminversion for crustal and upper mantle velocity structure below Chuandian region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1369～1376
[33]张智,赵兵,张晰等.云南思茅-中甸地震剖面的地壳结构.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1377～1384Zhang Z,Zhao B,Zhang X,et al.Crustal structure beneath the wide-angle seismic profile between Simao and Zhongdian in Yunnan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1377～1384
[34]Kilb D.Astrong correlation betweeninduced peak dynamic Coulomb stress change fromthe1992M7.3Landers,California,earthquake and the hypocenter of the1999M7.1Hector Mine,California,earthquake.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B1):2012,Doi:10.1029/2001JB000678
[35]Harris R A.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard.J.Geophys.Res.,1998,103(B10):24347～24358
[36]Hill D P,Reasenberg P A,Michael A,et al.Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude7.3Landers,California,earthquake.Science,1993,260:1617～1622
[37]Anderson J G,Brune J N,Louie J N,et al.Seismicity in the western Great Basin apparentlytriggered by the Landers,California,earthquake,28June1992.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1994,84:863～891
[2]宴风桐,宋文,王兴辉等.龙陵地震的震源机制.地震研究,1978,1(1):1～13Yan F T,Song W,Wang X H,et al.Focal mechanismof Longling earthquakes.J.Seismol.Research(in Chinese),1978,1(1):1～13
[3]刘正荣,宴风桐.龙陵共轭地震群的特征.地震研究,1978,1(2):21～29Liu Z R,Yan F T.The features of Longling conjugated earthquake swarm.J.Seismol.Research(in Chinese),1978,1(2):21～29
[4]Perniola B,Bressan G,Pondrelli S.Changes in failure stress and stress transfer during the1976-1977Friuli earthquake sequence.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,156(2):297～306
[5]Sebastian H.Seismicity patterns of earthquake swarms due to fluid intrusion and stress triggering.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,159(3):1090～1096
[6]Wang WH,Chen C H.Static stress transferred by the1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,Earthquake:effects on the stability of the surrounding fault systems and aftershock triggering with a3D fault-slip model.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2001,91:1041～1052
[7]Stein R S,King G C P,Lin J.Change in failure stress on the southern San Andreas fault systemcaused bythe1992M7.4Landers earthquake.Science,1992,258:1328～1332
[8]Harris RA,Simpson R W,Reasenberg P A.Influence of static stresschanges on earthquake locationinsouthern California.Nature,1995,375:221～224
[9]Harris R A,Simpson R W.Changes in Static stress changes on southern Californiafaults afterthe1992Landers earthquake.Nature,1992,360:251～254
[10]Tibi R,Wliens D A,Inoue H.Remotetriggeringof deepearthquakes inthe2002Tonga sequences.Nature,2003,424:921～925
[11]Antonioli A,Cocco M,Das S,et al.Dynamic stress triggerring duringthe great25March1998Antarctic plate earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am..,2002,92:896～903
[12]Belardinelli M E,Bizzarri A,Cocco M.Earthquake triggering by static and dynamic stress changes.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B3):2135,doi:10.1029/2002JB001779
[13]Gomberg J,Reasenberg P A,Bodin P,et al.Earthquake triggering by seismic wavesfollowingthe Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes.Nature,2001,411:462～466
[14]Brodsky E E,Karakostas V,Kanamori H.A new observation of dynamically triggered regional seismicity:Earthquake in Greece followingthe August,1999Izmit Turkey earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,27:2741～2744
[15]Kilb D,GombergJ,Bodin P.Triggeringof earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses.Nature,2000,408:570～574
[16]Gomberg J,Blanpied ML,Beeler N M.Transient triggering of near and distant earthquakes.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:294～309
[17]Parsons T.Ahypothesis for delayed dynamic earthquake triggering.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32:L04302
[18]邱泽华,石耀霖.地震造成远距离应力阶变的观测实例.中国科学,2003,33(增刊):60～64Qiu Z H,Shi Y L.Observations of remote coseismic stress step-changes.Science in China(in Chinese),2003,33(Suppl.):60～64
[19]Russell R,Zhou S Y.Stressinteractions withinthetangshan,China,earthquake sequence of1976.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2005,95(6):2501～2505,Doi:10.1785/0120050091
[20]沈正康,万永革,甘卫军等.东昆仑活动断裂带大地震之间的黏弹性应力触发研究.地球物理学报,2003,46(6):786～795Shen Z K,Wan YG,Gan WJ,et al.Viscoelastic triggering among large earthquakes along the east Kunlun fault system.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6):786～795
[21]傅征祥,刘桂萍,陈棋福.青藏高原北缘海原、古浪、昌马大地震间相互作用的动力学分析.地震地质,2001,23(1):35～42Fu Z X,Liu G P,Chen Q F.Dynamic analysis on interaction betweenthe Haiyuan-Gulang-Ghangma great earthquake in the north boundary of the Tibetan plateau.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2001,23(1):35～42
[22]Kilb D,Gomberg J,Bodin P.Aftershock triggering by complete Coulomb stress changes.J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107(B4):2060,Doi:10.1029/2001JB000202
[23]Bouchon M.A review of the discrete wavenumber method.Pure Appl.Geophys,2003,160:445～465
[24]解朝娣,吴小平,虎雄林.地震破裂产生的动态应变场的模拟计算研究.地震研究,2006,29(2):137～142Xie C D,Wu X P,Hu X L.Simulated calculation research of dynamic strain field caused by seismic rupture.J.Seismol.Research(in Chinese),2006,29(2):137～142
[25]Heaton T H.Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses of slipin earthquake rupture.Phys.Earth Plan.Int.,1990,64:1～20
[26]Tibi R,Bock G,Xia Y M,et al.Rupture processes of the1999August17Izmit and November12Dzce(Turkey)earthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.,2001,144(2):Doi:10.1046/j.1365～246x
[27]胡家富,苏有锦,朱雄关等.云南的地壳S波速度与泊松比结构及其意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(8):714～722Hu J F,Su YJ,Zhu X G,et al.S-wave velocity and Poisson sratio structure of crust in Yunnan and it s implication.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(8):714～722
[28]胡家富,丛连理,苏有锦等.云南及周边地区Lg尾波Q值的分布特征.地球物理学报,2003,46(6):809～813Hu J F,Cong LL,Su YJ,et al.Distribution characters ofQvalue of the Lg code in Yunnan and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6):809～813
[29]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):228～237Wu J P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.The S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stations of Yunnan province inferred from teleseismic receiver function modeling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):228～237
[30]国家地震局工程力学研究所.龙陵地震强震记录常规处理报告.北京:地震出版社,1989The Institute of Engineering Mechanics,State Earthquake Administration.Report of Longling Earthquake Strong Earthquake Records Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1989
[30]马宏生,汪素云,裴顺平等.川滇及周边地区地壳横波衰减的成像研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):465～471Ma HS,Wang S Y,Pei S P,et al.Q0tomography of S wave attenuation in Sichuan-Yunnan and adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):465～471
[31]曹忠权,张智,田小波.青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带域岩石密度结构及意义.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):523～528Cao Z Q,Zhang Z,Tian X B.Rock density structure in Bangong-Nujiangsuture zone and its significance.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):523～528
[32]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.川滇地区速度结构的区域地震波形反演研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1369～1376WuJ P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.Regional waveforminversion for crustal and upper mantle velocity structure below Chuandian region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1369～1376
[33]张智,赵兵,张晰等.云南思茅-中甸地震剖面的地壳结构.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1377～1384Zhang Z,Zhao B,Zhang X,et al.Crustal structure beneath the wide-angle seismic profile between Simao and Zhongdian in Yunnan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1377～1384
[34]Kilb D.Astrong correlation betweeninduced peak dynamic Coulomb stress change fromthe1992M7.3Landers,California,earthquake and the hypocenter of the1999M7.1Hector Mine,California,earthquake.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B1):2012,Doi:10.1029/2001JB000678
[35]Harris R A.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard.J.Geophys.Res.,1998,103(B10):24347～24358
[36]Hill D P,Reasenberg P A,Michael A,et al.Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude7.3Landers,California,earthquake.Science,1993,260:1617～1622
[37]Anderson J G,Brune J N,Louie J N,et al.Seismicity in the western Great Basin apparentlytriggered by the Landers,California,earthquake,28June1992.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1994,84:863～891
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