小型冲击叠加震源及应用效果
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摘要
高分辨率地震勘探中,如何激发高频信号是至关重要的问题。当遇到地表松散的地层,且地下水位较低时,无论是锤击震源还是炸药震源,都显得一筹莫展。石油地震勘探使用的可控震源可以激发高频信号,并具有较强的抗干扰能力,已在国内外广泛使用。依据可控震源的基本原理,使用小功率电锤进行冲击叠加,在表层松软和有环境干扰的地区,获得了主频80～150 Hz的有效波信号,探测深度达到300 m,可以满足浅层高分辨地震勘探的需求。通过应用实例证明了方法的有效性和优越性。
High-resolution seismic prospecting is one of the common geophysical prospecting methods in engineering investigation, and it is very important to excite high-frequency signals. Both hammer source and explosive energy source fail to excite desired signals in areas of loose ground and relatively low underground water level. Vibroseis that is capable of exciting high frequency signals and is of strong noise immunity has been widely used in petroleum industry both at home and abroad. Based on principles of vibroseis, we acquire effective signals with dominant frequency of 80-150 Hz by using low power electric stacking hammer source in areas of loose ground and strong environmental interference, and the penetrating depth is about 300 m deep. The method was demonstrated with real examples.
High-resolution seismic prospecting is one of the common geophysical prospecting methods in engineering investigation, and it is very important to excite high-frequency signals. Both hammer source and explosive energy source fail to excite desired signals in areas of loose ground and relatively low underground water level. Vibroseis that is capable of exciting high frequency signals and is of strong noise immunity has been widely used in petroleum industry both at home and abroad. Based on principles of vibroseis, we acquire effective signals with dominant frequency of 80-150 Hz by using low power electric stacking hammer source in areas of loose ground and strong environmental interference, and the penetrating depth is about 300 m deep. The method was demonstrated with real examples.
引文
1王振东．浅层地震勘探应用技术[M]．北京:地质出版社,1988．118～119
2刘洪斌,陈如恒．地震勘探震源的历史与发展[J]．石油机械,1997,25(8):44-52
3 Steer D N,Brown L D,Knapp J H,et al . Comparison of explosive and vibroseis source energy penetration during COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling in the Williston basin [J]. Geophysics , 1996 , 61 (1) : 211-221
4曾鸾,李志勇,高凤珍．大吨位可控震源的应用及效果分析[J]．石油物探,2002,41(3):327-329
5接铭训．塔里木盆地沙漠区高分辨地震采集方法探讨[J]．勘探家,1999,4(1):33-37
6陈洪恩．厚砾石层覆盖区地震勘探技术与效果[J]．中国煤田地质,2000,12(2):55-56
7刘保金,张先康,方盛明等．城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术[J]．地震地质,2002,24(4): 524～531
8王庆海,徐明才．抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探[M]．北京:地质出版社,1991．32～5
9姚知铭,梁传坤,李红桃．可控震源非线扫描在高分辨地震勘探中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1998,33 (增刊):119-22
10程金箴．模拟变频扫描——同时提高分辨率和信噪比的可控震源扫描方法[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2002, 25(2):1～10
11吴德纯．燕郊地区粉土的工程特性[J]．岩土工程界, 2001,4(10)(基础工程):32-33
2刘洪斌,陈如恒．地震勘探震源的历史与发展[J]．石油机械,1997,25(8):44-52
3 Steer D N,Brown L D,Knapp J H,et al . Comparison of explosive and vibroseis source energy penetration during COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling in the Williston basin [J]. Geophysics , 1996 , 61 (1) : 211-221
4曾鸾,李志勇,高凤珍．大吨位可控震源的应用及效果分析[J]．石油物探,2002,41(3):327-329
5接铭训．塔里木盆地沙漠区高分辨地震采集方法探讨[J]．勘探家,1999,4(1):33-37
6陈洪恩．厚砾石层覆盖区地震勘探技术与效果[J]．中国煤田地质,2000,12(2):55-56
7刘保金,张先康,方盛明等．城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术[J]．地震地质,2002,24(4): 524～531
8王庆海,徐明才．抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探[M]．北京:地质出版社,1991．32～5
9姚知铭,梁传坤,李红桃．可控震源非线扫描在高分辨地震勘探中的应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1998,33 (增刊):119-22
10程金箴．模拟变频扫描——同时提高分辨率和信噪比的可控震源扫描方法[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2002, 25(2):1～10
11吴德纯．燕郊地区粉土的工程特性[J]．岩土工程界, 2001,4(10)(基础工程):32-33
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