应用强震应力降和视应力进行震后趋势快速判定的可能性
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摘要
收集整理了中国大陆107次M≥5.0地震的震型、发震断层性质等资料,分不同发震断层性质和不同震型两种情况,比较了不同地震视应力的大小关系。结果显示,地震视应力的高低和发震断层性质有关,也和地震类型有关。走滑型地震的视应力高于非走滑型地震的视应力,走滑断层中孤立型地震视应力低于多震型地震视应力。非走滑型地震情况则复杂得多,既有视应力很高的孤立型地震,也有视应力很低的多震型地震。为了进一步探索利用强震本身的信息快速判定震型的方法,还通过视应力计算了18例强震的静态应力降与动态应力降之比值Y,得到当Y>0.2时,强震可能为孤立型或近孤立型的主震—余震型地震,当Y<0.2时,强震可能为多震型或强余震丰富的主震—余震型地震的认识。
In this paper, 107 earthquakes of M≥5.0 are collected that occurred in Mainland China. Based on different types of data of these events including earthquake sequences, stress drop and seismic moment, we discussed the intensity of apparent stresses of different earthquakes classified into two classes according to earthquake fault characteristics and earthquake types. The results show that the intensity of earthquake apparent stress is related to the earthquake fault characteristic and earthquake type. The intensity of apparent stress of single strike-slip earthquake is higher than that of non-strike-slip earthquake. Among strike-slip faults, intensity of apparent stress of single-shock type earthquake is lower than that of multiple-shock type earthquake. For non-strike-slip type earthquake, the situation is more complicated, and there are single-shock earthquake of high apparent stress, and also multiple-shock earthquake of low apparent stress. In order to rapidly judge earthquake type using the information of strong earthquake itself, we calculated Y, the ratio of static stress drop to dynamic stress drop, of 19 strong earthquakes. Finally it is found that when Y is higher than 0.2, the strong earthquake may be single-shock earthquake or main shock-aftershock type earthquake with less aftershocks, and when Y is lower than 0.2, the strong earthquake may be multiple-shock earthquakes or main shock-aftershock type earthquake with abundant strong aftershocks.
In this paper, 107 earthquakes of M≥5.0 are collected that occurred in Mainland China. Based on different types of data of these events including earthquake sequences, stress drop and seismic moment, we discussed the intensity of apparent stresses of different earthquakes classified into two classes according to earthquake fault characteristics and earthquake types. The results show that the intensity of earthquake apparent stress is related to the earthquake fault characteristic and earthquake type. The intensity of apparent stress of single strike-slip earthquake is higher than that of non-strike-slip earthquake. Among strike-slip faults, intensity of apparent stress of single-shock type earthquake is lower than that of multiple-shock type earthquake. For non-strike-slip type earthquake, the situation is more complicated, and there are single-shock earthquake of high apparent stress, and also multiple-shock earthquake of low apparent stress. In order to rapidly judge earthquake type using the information of strong earthquake itself, we calculated Y, the ratio of static stress drop to dynamic stress drop, of 19 strong earthquakes. Finally it is found that when Y is higher than 0.2, the strong earthquake may be single-shock earthquake or main shock-aftershock type earthquake with less aftershocks, and when Y is lower than 0.2, the strong earthquake may be multiple-shock earthquakes or main shock-aftershock type earthquake with abundant strong aftershocks.
引文
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[2] 国家地震局科技监测司.地震学分析预报方法程式指南[M].北京:地震出版社,1990
[3] 郑治真,胡祚春,郭亚平,等.海城地震的前、余震波谱变化[J].地球物理学报,1997,20(2):125-130
[4] 吴忠良.由宽频带辐射能量目录和地震矩目录给出的视应力及其地震学意义[J].中国地震,2001,17(1):8-15
[5] 陈学忠,王小平,王林瑛,等.地震视应力用于震后趋势快速判定的可能性[J].国际地震动态2003(7):1-3
[6] 中国地震年鉴编辑委员会.中国地震年鉴[C].北京:地震出版社,1987-1988,1999-2001
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[8] 上海市地震局.上海市的地震与应急[M].北京:地震出版社,1999
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[10] Scholz,C.H..TheMechanicsofEarthquakesandFaultingCambridge[M].CambridgeUniv.Press.1990
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[12] Wai-YingChung,Bao-ZhuWai,BenjaminJ.Brant-ley.FaultingmechanismsoftheLiyang,China,earthquakesof1974and1979fromregionalandteleseismicwave-forms-evidenceoftectonicinver-sionunderafault-boundedbasin[J].BSSA,1995,85(2):560-570
[13] 刘万琴,魏光兴,周翠英.1983年11月7日菏泽5.9级地震震源过程研究[J].地震学报,1989,11(3),282-290
[14] Wai-YingChang,B.JBrantley.1984年中国东部南黄海地震:震源特征及稳定大陆区地震构造的含义[J].世界地震译丛,1992(2):31-41
[15] 傅昌洪.介质特性Q值的变化与地震预报[A].地震预报实用化研究文集地震学专辑[C].北京:学术书刊出版社,1989.426-438
[16] 韦士忠,李玉萍,张相明.巴塘3次续发性中强地震震源的研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1994,15(4):27-33
[17] 刁守中,华爱军,苏鸾声.1995年9月20日山东省苍山5.2级地震[A].中国震例(1995-1996)[C].北京:地震出版社,2002.165-199
[18] 秦嘉政,刘祖荫,张俊伟.用地震标定律研究丽江7.0级地震的破裂过程[J].地震研究,1997,20(1):47-57.
[19] 周仕勇,许忠淮.由震源谱推断1997年新疆伽师强震群破裂特征[J].地震学报,2000,22(2):113-124
[20] 杜迎春.1998年张北地震及其较大余震的应力降[J].华北地震科学,2000,18(2):66-69
[21] 中国地震局监测预报司.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级大地震[M].北京:地震出版社
[2] 国家地震局科技监测司.地震学分析预报方法程式指南[M].北京:地震出版社,1990
[3] 郑治真,胡祚春,郭亚平,等.海城地震的前、余震波谱变化[J].地球物理学报,1997,20(2):125-130
[4] 吴忠良.由宽频带辐射能量目录和地震矩目录给出的视应力及其地震学意义[J].中国地震,2001,17(1):8-15
[5] 陈学忠,王小平,王林瑛,等.地震视应力用于震后趋势快速判定的可能性[J].国际地震动态2003(7):1-3
[6] 中国地震年鉴编辑委员会.中国地震年鉴[C].北京:地震出版社,1987-1988,1999-2001
[7] 中国震例编辑组.中国震例[M].北京:地震出版社,1988,1990-2000
[8] 上海市地震局.上海市的地震与应急[M].北京:地震出版社,1999
[9] 环文林,汪素云,宋昭仪.中国大陆内部走滑型发震构造的构造应力场特征[J].地震学报,1994,16(4):455-461
[10] Scholz,C.H..TheMechanicsofEarthquakesandFaultingCambridge[M].CambridgeUniv.Press.1990
[11] 马宗晋,傅征祥,张郢珍,等.1966—1976年中国九大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982
[12] Wai-YingChung,Bao-ZhuWai,BenjaminJ.Brant-ley.FaultingmechanismsoftheLiyang,China,earthquakesof1974and1979fromregionalandteleseismicwave-forms-evidenceoftectonicinver-sionunderafault-boundedbasin[J].BSSA,1995,85(2):560-570
[13] 刘万琴,魏光兴,周翠英.1983年11月7日菏泽5.9级地震震源过程研究[J].地震学报,1989,11(3),282-290
[14] Wai-YingChang,B.JBrantley.1984年中国东部南黄海地震:震源特征及稳定大陆区地震构造的含义[J].世界地震译丛,1992(2):31-41
[15] 傅昌洪.介质特性Q值的变化与地震预报[A].地震预报实用化研究文集地震学专辑[C].北京:学术书刊出版社,1989.426-438
[16] 韦士忠,李玉萍,张相明.巴塘3次续发性中强地震震源的研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1994,15(4):27-33
[17] 刁守中,华爱军,苏鸾声.1995年9月20日山东省苍山5.2级地震[A].中国震例(1995-1996)[C].北京:地震出版社,2002.165-199
[18] 秦嘉政,刘祖荫,张俊伟.用地震标定律研究丽江7.0级地震的破裂过程[J].地震研究,1997,20(1):47-57.
[19] 周仕勇,许忠淮.由震源谱推断1997年新疆伽师强震群破裂特征[J].地震学报,2000,22(2):113-124
[20] 杜迎春.1998年张北地震及其较大余震的应力降[J].华北地震科学,2000,18(2):66-69
[21] 中国地震局监测预报司.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级大地震[M].北京:地震出版社
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