利用VSP资料分析地层衰减特性
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摘要
地层的衰减特性与岩石类型、流体类型和流体饱和度有关,应用地震数据和VSP数据并加以校正和补偿后,可研究地层的衰减特性。首先根据VSP各测点初至的振幅、初至的频谱以及初至的子波随深度的变化情况定性分析各地层的衰减特性,随后利用频谱比法求得了地层的品质因子并用于定量分析地层的衰减特性,最后将品质因子值资料和测井资料结合起来对储层进行描述和分析。经对BQ205井的地层衰减特性进行研究,认为利用各测点初至振幅、初至频谱以及初至子波的变化可以对各地层的衰减特性进行定性分析,能够初步确定出地层的衰减规律;品质因子曲线结合测井曲线能较好地对地层的衰减规律进行定量描述,并能确定储层的范围,但不能准确地划分出薄储层的顶、底界。
Since formation attenuation character is related to rock type, fluid type and fluid saturation, it can be studied after correcting and compensating seismic data and VSP data. First, the formation attenuation character is analyzed qualitatively after watching how the primary amplitude, primary frequency spectrum and primary wavelet for each VSP measuring point change by the depth; then, quality factor of formation is figured out by spectral ratio method and used to analyze formation attenuation character quantitatively; last, reservoir is described and analyzed through combination of quality factor materials and logging data. After study on formation attenuation character of the well BQ205, it is regarded that the change of primary amplitude, primary frequency spectrum and primary wavelet for each measuring point can analyze each formation attenuation character qualitatively and confirm the rule of formation attenuation initially; quality factor curve combined with logging curve can give a better quantitative description on the rule of formation attenuation, confirm reservoir bound but cannot give a correct classification on bottom bound and top bound of thin reservoir.
Since formation attenuation character is related to rock type, fluid type and fluid saturation, it can be studied after correcting and compensating seismic data and VSP data. First, the formation attenuation character is analyzed qualitatively after watching how the primary amplitude, primary frequency spectrum and primary wavelet for each VSP measuring point change by the depth; then, quality factor of formation is figured out by spectral ratio method and used to analyze formation attenuation character quantitatively; last, reservoir is described and analyzed through combination of quality factor materials and logging data. After study on formation attenuation character of the well BQ205, it is regarded that the change of primary amplitude, primary frequency spectrum and primary wavelet for each measuring point can analyze each formation attenuation character qualitatively and confirm the rule of formation attenuation initially; quality factor curve combined with logging curve can give a better quantitative description on the rule of formation attenuation, confirm reservoir bound but cannot give a correct classification on bottom bound and top bound of thin reservoir.
引文
[1]李亚林,贺振华,黄德济,等.岩石孔渗特性与地震波衰减、传播速度的相互关系[J].天然气工业,2001,21(4):7-10.
[2]朱光明.垂直地震剖面方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[3]李淑宁,刘荣,金东民.利用VSP资料研究地层衰减规律[J].石油物探,1999,38(4):114-119.
[4]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[5]李宏兵,赵文智,姚逢昌,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,40(5):69-75.
[6]马昭军,唐建明.叠前时间偏移在三维转换波资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(2):174-180.
[7]张卫红,陈林,高志凌.垦71井区三维VSP资料波场分离方法应用研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(5):532-536.
[2]朱光明.垂直地震剖面方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.
[3]李淑宁,刘荣,金东民.利用VSP资料研究地层衰减规律[J].石油物探,1999,38(4):114-119.
[4]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[5]李宏兵,赵文智,姚逢昌,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,40(5):69-75.
[6]马昭军,唐建明.叠前时间偏移在三维转换波资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(2):174-180.
[7]张卫红,陈林,高志凌.垦71井区三维VSP资料波场分离方法应用研究[J].石油物探,2006,45(5):532-536.
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