3S技术在LG地区油气勘探中的应用
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摘要
LG地区三维地震勘探是中国石油的重点勘探工程,三维满覆盖面积为2500km2、连附加段施工面积约5000km2;需测各类控制点近千个、导线5227km,放样激发、接收点近40万个。为此,全面地采用了3S(RS、GPS、GIS)技术,一方面从总体上运用卫星遥感(RS)影像成图技术和数字高程模型系统(DEM),实现室内对地震勘探的精确设计和对野外施工质量过程监控;用GPS卫星定位技术采取"首级控制、分期(区)布网、首分网整体平差"方法布测物探GPS控制点,采用曲面拟合技术建立区域高程异常改正的数字模型;应用GPSRTK和全站仪导线测量等方法实现激发、接收点放样测量,利用区域高程异常改正数字模型对GPSRTK测量的激发、接收点进行高程拟合。另一方面在引进《地震勘探信息管理系统(SeisPIMS)》物探专用GIS系统对测量等施工信息进行管理的基础上,对这些技术数据的相互链接进行周密设计,并进行科学合理的施工组织,优质、高效地完成了这一庞大的物探测量工程。
The 3D seismic survey in the LG area is the largest key seismic acquisition project in China up to now.The full-fold area is 2500 km2,the acreage is about 5000 km2,the amount of control points is near one thousand,the total length of conducting line is 5227 km,and the number of shooting and receiving points is near 400000.Therefore,the 3S(RS,GPS,GIS) technologies are fully applied in the area.On one hand,remote sensing(RS) mapping and digital elevation modeling(DEM) are used to realize high-precision seismic data acquisition and quality control of field operation.GPS control points are emplaced through "first-order control,survey grid placement step-by-step and overall adjustment",and surface fitting technique is used to build a digital model with regional height anomaly corrected.The GPS RTK and full-station-equipment traverse survey are used to realize the lofting survey of shooting and receiving points.The height fitting of shooting and receiving points of the GPS RTK survey is realized through correcting the digital model with regional height anomaly.On the other hand,a special GIS system for geophysical survey of "Seismic Exploration Information Management System"(SeisPIMS) is introduced to manage operation information.Careful design and rational field operation ensure high efficiency and high quality of this large geophysical survey project.
The 3D seismic survey in the LG area is the largest key seismic acquisition project in China up to now.The full-fold area is 2500 km2,the acreage is about 5000 km2,the amount of control points is near one thousand,the total length of conducting line is 5227 km,and the number of shooting and receiving points is near 400000.Therefore,the 3S(RS,GPS,GIS) technologies are fully applied in the area.On one hand,remote sensing(RS) mapping and digital elevation modeling(DEM) are used to realize high-precision seismic data acquisition and quality control of field operation.GPS control points are emplaced through "first-order control,survey grid placement step-by-step and overall adjustment",and surface fitting technique is used to build a digital model with regional height anomaly corrected.The GPS RTK and full-station-equipment traverse survey are used to realize the lofting survey of shooting and receiving points.The height fitting of shooting and receiving points of the GPS RTK survey is realized through correcting the digital model with regional height anomaly.On the other hand,a special GIS system for geophysical survey of "Seismic Exploration Information Management System"(SeisPIMS) is introduced to manage operation information.Careful design and rational field operation ensure high efficiency and high quality of this large geophysical survey project.
引文
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[2]吉渊明,赵水泉.曲面拟合法求GPS网正常高的几点认识[J].测绘通报,1998,34(7):18-20.
[3]杨柳,YANG LI U.全站仪的二次开发——兼谈TPS1000系列全站仪机载物探测量软件[J].测绘通报,2000,36(10):38-40.
[4]樊红,詹小国.Arc/Info应用与开发技术[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2002.
[5]费鲜芸,张志国,高祥伟,等.SPOT5城区影像几何精校正点位和面积精度研究[J].测绘科学,2007,32(1):105-107.
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