利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究
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摘要
利用峰值频率移动法估算零偏VSP资料的品质因子Q.该方法用Ricker子波和匹配地震子波分别逼近零相位和混合相位的震源子波,得到了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的公式.进而针对常规方法估计的地震子波峰值频率精度不高的问题,提出了估计地震子波峰值频率的特征结构法.通过合成零偏VSP资料的仿真试验,验证了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的正确性.仿真结果表明,与快速Fourier变换和Burg最大熵方法相比较,特征结构法得到的峰值频率和Q值精度高一些.仿真结果也表明,用峰值频率移动法估计Q值时需要选取恰当的子波参数,否则影响Q值估计的精度.
Quality factors of zero-offset VSP data are estimated by peak frequency shift (PFS) method. The approach employs Ricker wavelet and matching seismic wavelet to approximate zero-phase source wavelet and mixed-phase source wavelet respectively, and formulas for Q-values estimation with PFS method are obtained. Moreover, focusing on the problem that peak frequencies of seismic wavelets calculated by common methods are imprecise, eigen-struct (ES) method for estimating peak frequencies of seismic wavelets is proposed. The validity of PFS method for Q-values estimation is verified through simulation of synthetic zero-offset VSP data. Results indicate that peak frequencies and Q-values derived from ES method are more precise than those derived from methods of fast Fourier transform and Burg's maximum entropy. Results also make clear that Q-values estimation with PFS method needs to choose appropriate parameters of wavelet, or precision of Q-values estimation will be affected.
Quality factors of zero-offset VSP data are estimated by peak frequency shift (PFS) method. The approach employs Ricker wavelet and matching seismic wavelet to approximate zero-phase source wavelet and mixed-phase source wavelet respectively, and formulas for Q-values estimation with PFS method are obtained. Moreover, focusing on the problem that peak frequencies of seismic wavelets calculated by common methods are imprecise, eigen-struct (ES) method for estimating peak frequencies of seismic wavelets is proposed. The validity of PFS method for Q-values estimation is verified through simulation of synthetic zero-offset VSP data. Results indicate that peak frequencies and Q-values derived from ES method are more precise than those derived from methods of fast Fourier transform and Burg's maximum entropy. Results also make clear that Q-values estimation with PFS method needs to choose appropriate parameters of wavelet, or precision of Q-values estimation will be affected.
引文
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[13]陈奎孚,焦群英,高小榕.提高FFT谱质量的一种新方法.振动、测试与诊断,1998,18(3):216～220Chen KF,Jiao QY,Gao X R.Anewapproachtothe improvement of FFT spectrum qualitity.Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis(in Chinese),1998,18(3):216～220
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[15]张贤达.矩阵分析与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004Zhang X D.Analysis and Application of Matrix(in Chinese).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004
[16]王宏禹.现代谱估计.南京:东南大学出版社,1991Wang H Y.Modern Estimation of Spectrum.Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1991
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[18]Ganley D C.A method for calculating synthetic seismograms which include the effects of absorption and dispersion.Geophysics,1981,46(8):1100～1107
[2]Kjartansson E.ConstantQ-wave propagation and attenuation.J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84:4737～4748
[3]Tonn R.The determination of seismic quality factorQfrom VSP data:A comparison of different computational method.Geophys.Prop.,1991,39:1～27
[4]严又生,宜明理,魏新等.井间地震速度和Q值联合层析成像及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):9～18Yan Y S,Yi ML,Wei X,et al.Joint tomographic imaging for cross-hole seismic velocity andQvalue.OGP(in Chinese),2001,36(1):9～18
[5]Sams M,Goldberg D.The validity of theQestimationfromborehole data using spectral ratios.Geophysics,1990,55(1):97～101
[6]Dasgupta R,Roger A,Clark.EstimationtheQfromsurface seismic reflection data.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120～2128
[7]Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method.Geophysics,1997,62(3):895～905
[8]Zhang Changjun,Ulrych TJ.Estimation of qualityfactorsfromCMP records.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542～1547
[9]Ricker N.The form and laws of propagation of seismic wavelets.Geophysics,1953,18:10～40
[10][美]R E谢里夫,[加]L P吉尔达特著.勘探地震学.初英等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1999Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Exploration Seismology.Chu Ying et al.Trans.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999
[11]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392～400Gao J H,Wang WB,Zhu G M,et al.On the choice of wavelet functionsfor seismic data processing.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1996,39(3):392～400
[12]黄山.信号的高精度采样中栅栏效应及其克服方法.四川联合大学学报,1997,1(6):91～94Huang S.The picket fence effect in precision sampling and its prevention.Journal ofSichuan Union University(EngineeringScience Edition)(in Chinese),1997,1(6):91～94
[13]陈奎孚,焦群英,高小榕.提高FFT谱质量的一种新方法.振动、测试与诊断,1998,18(3):216～220Chen KF,Jiao QY,Gao X R.Anewapproachtothe improvement of FFT spectrum qualitity.Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis(in Chinese),1998,18(3):216～220
[14][美]OppenheimAV,Willsky AS,Nawab S H.信号与系统.刘树棠译.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2004OppenheimAV,Willsky AS,Nawab S H.Signals and Systems.Liu Shutang Trans.Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,2004
[15]张贤达.矩阵分析与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004Zhang X D.Analysis and Application of Matrix(in Chinese).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004
[16]王宏禹.现代谱估计.南京:东南大学出版社,1991Wang H Y.Modern Estimation of Spectrum.Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1991
[17]CadzowJ A,et al.Singular value decomposition approach to time series modeling.IEEE Proc.,1983,130(3):202～210
[18]Ganley D C.A method for calculating synthetic seismograms which include the effects of absorption and dispersion.Geophysics,1981,46(8):1100～1107
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