叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用
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摘要
针对某复杂断块天然气目标储层,在岩石物理分析的指导下,综合利用地质、地震、测井等资料,提出了一套面向复杂天然气藏的叠前地震预测技术.首先基于地震岩石物理分析得到的初始横波信息,采用叠前贝叶斯非线性三参数反演得到了井旁控制点处精确纵横波速度和密度信息,然后通过叠前/叠后联合反演技术实现了面向目标的弹性阻抗体反演及含气储层敏感参数直接提取,最后结合小波变换时频谱分析的方法从叠前地震资料中估算地层吸收参数值,提高天然气藏识别精度.实际应用表明,综合各种叠前地震预测技术,可以大大提高对复杂天然气藏的识别精度,降低勘探风险.
Pre-stack seismic data plays an important role in reservoir forecasting in exploration seismic and reservoir description in development seismic.Some elastic parameters form pre-stack seismic inversion has been proved to be sensitive to reservoir and fluid,further more,seismic absorption parameter as a strong fluid factor indication also has been proved as be effective in gas reservoir forecasting,therefore,a procedure for complex gas reservoir with a series of pre-stack seismic technologies based on comprehensive analysis with geology,seismic,well logging and rock physics data is proposed.Two main seismic technology including pre-stack seismic inversion and seismic absorption have been applied in this procedure.On one hand,for the technology of pre-stack seismic inversion,the shear velocity at control points near well locations could be estimated from rock physics preliminary,and then it can be inverted more accurately with the method of pre-stack nonlinear AVO inversion,in addition,the elastic parameters which are sensitive to target reservoir are inverted with control of seismic rock physics and well logging data utilizing post/pre-stack hybrid inversion technology,the post/pre-stack hybrid inversion technology is a kind of pre-stack seismic inversion method with partial angle stack gathers,which has shown great potential in application of reservoir description and forecasting for its efficiency and robustness.On the other hand,for the technology of seismic absorption parameter extracting,the method of estimating absorption parameter from pre-stack seismic data has been applied.Compared with pos-stack seismic data,pre-stack seismic contains more helpful kinematics and dynamics information compared with post-stack seismic data,therefore the absorption parameter is extracted from pre-stack seismic data will be more accurate,this method is implemented with wavelet time-frequency spectrum analysis which aims to enhance the preciseness of reservoir forecasting.Field example shows that the new combined technology procedure performs well for the forecasting of complex gas reservoir.
Pre-stack seismic data plays an important role in reservoir forecasting in exploration seismic and reservoir description in development seismic.Some elastic parameters form pre-stack seismic inversion has been proved to be sensitive to reservoir and fluid,further more,seismic absorption parameter as a strong fluid factor indication also has been proved as be effective in gas reservoir forecasting,therefore,a procedure for complex gas reservoir with a series of pre-stack seismic technologies based on comprehensive analysis with geology,seismic,well logging and rock physics data is proposed.Two main seismic technology including pre-stack seismic inversion and seismic absorption have been applied in this procedure.On one hand,for the technology of pre-stack seismic inversion,the shear velocity at control points near well locations could be estimated from rock physics preliminary,and then it can be inverted more accurately with the method of pre-stack nonlinear AVO inversion,in addition,the elastic parameters which are sensitive to target reservoir are inverted with control of seismic rock physics and well logging data utilizing post/pre-stack hybrid inversion technology,the post/pre-stack hybrid inversion technology is a kind of pre-stack seismic inversion method with partial angle stack gathers,which has shown great potential in application of reservoir description and forecasting for its efficiency and robustness.On the other hand,for the technology of seismic absorption parameter extracting,the method of estimating absorption parameter from pre-stack seismic data has been applied.Compared with pos-stack seismic data,pre-stack seismic contains more helpful kinematics and dynamics information compared with post-stack seismic data,therefore the absorption parameter is extracted from pre-stack seismic data will be more accurate,this method is implemented with wavelet time-frequency spectrum analysis which aims to enhance the preciseness of reservoir forecasting.Field example shows that the new combined technology procedure performs well for the forecasting of complex gas reservoir.
引文
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[4]张志让,王兆峰,张梅华等.利用三维叠前地震资料预测火成岩储层裂缝分布.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):92-98.Zhang Z R,Wang Z F,Zhang M H,et al.Application of 3Dseismic pre-stack data in prediction of fracture,distribution forigneous rock reservoir.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2010,45(1):92-98.
[5]李凌高,甘利灯,杜文辉等.叠前地震反演在苏里格气田储层识别和含气性检测中的应用.天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):261-265.Li L G,Gan L D,Du W H,et al.Pre-stack seismic inversionapplied to reservoir prediction and natural gas detection in SLGgas field.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),2008,19(2):261-265.
[6]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用.石油物探,2007,46(1):64-68.Li A S,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Application of prestacksimultaneous AVA multi-parameter Inversion in gas-bearingreservoir prediction.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(1):64-68.
[7]苑书金.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):879-886.Yuan S J.Progress of pre-stack inversion and application inexploration of the lithological reservoirs.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):879-886.
[8]邓道静.碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层叠前地震预测技术应用.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(2):133-137.Deng D J.Case study of prestack prediction for fracturedcarbonate reservoir.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2009,32(2):133-137.
[9]郭晓龙,欧阳永林,陈海东等.叠前地震反演技术在苏里格地区的应用.天然气地球科学,2008,19(6):840-843.Guo X L,OuYang Y L,Chen H D,et al.Application of pre-stack seismic inversion in Sulige Area.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),2008,19(6):840-843.
[10]黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602-1606.Huang W C,Yang C C,Wang Y F.The application of pre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1602-1606.
[11]Patrick C.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[12]Cambois Guillaume.AVO inversion and elastic impedance.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2000,19(1):142-145.
[13]W hitcombe David N.Elastic impedance normalization.Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[14]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演.地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124.Ma J F.Forward modeling ang inversion method ofgeneralzed inversion carbonate reserviors.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(1):118-124.
[15]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881-885.Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas andwater using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversionin carbonate reservoirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):881-885.
[16]Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.Laméparameters inversionbased on elastic impedance and its application.AppliedGeophysics,2006,3(3):174-178.
[17]卢秀丽,何樵登,孙鹏远.南海琼东南工区地层吸收衰减模型研究.石油物探,2004,43(2):116-119.Lu X L,He Q D,Sun P Y.Stratal absorption attenuationmodel for southeastern Qiong area in South China Sea.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(2):116-119.
[18]张固澜,熊晓军,容娇君等.基于改进的广义S变换的地层吸收衰减补偿.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):512-515.Zhang G L,Xiong X J,Rong J J,et al.Stratum absorptionand attenuation compensation based on improved generalizedS-transform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,45(4):512-515.
[19]张繁昌,李传辉,吴国忱等.地层吸收对弹性参数的影响和叠前QAVO反演.物探化探计算技术,2010,32(3):232-240,219.Zhang F C,Li C H,Wu G C,et al.The effect of rockabsorption on elastic parameters and pre-stack QAVOinversion.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(inChinese),2010,32(3):232-240,219.
[20]王卫华.反地层吸收因子的求取.石油地球物理勘探,1986,(5):551-557.Wang W H.Deriving the anti-absorption operator.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1986,(5):551-557.
[21]白晓寅.基于地震波衰减理论的地层吸收参数提取方法研究.东营:中国石油大学,2008.Bai X Y.The tudy on Method of Layer AbsorbingParameters Extration Based on the Theory of Seismic WaveAttenuation(in Chinese).Dongying:China University ofPetroleum,2008.
[22]郭栋,韩文功,王兴谋等.地层吸收特征参数分析预测深层气藏方法.油气地球物理,2008,6(3):20-24.Guo D,Han W G,Wang X M,et al.Predicting deep gas poolby formation absorption characteristic parameter.PetroleumGeophysics(in Chinese),2008,6(3):20-24.
[23]李鳃鹏,李衍达,张学工.基于小波包分解的地层吸收补偿.地球物理学报,2000,43(4):542-548.Li S P,Li Y D,Zhang X G.Rock absorption andcompensation based on wavelet packet decomposition.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4):542-548.
[24]马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):294-300.Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The new progress of seismicforecast technology of Subtle Traps.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):294-300.
[25]吕公河,于常青,董宁.叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):161-166.Lu G H,Yu C Q,Dong N.The application of post-stackseismic attribute analysis in the oil-gas exploration anddevelopment.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,26(1):161-166.
[26]于鹏,王家林,吴健生等.地球物理联合反演的研究现状和分析.勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(2):88-91.Yu P,Wang J L,Wu J S,et al.The research situation andanalysis of geophysical joint inversion.Progress inExploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,29(2):88-91.
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