利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河—平谷大震区深部结构特征
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摘要
利用三河—平谷 8.0级大震区实施的深地震反射剖面与宽角反射剖面探测方法获得的结果进行了综合研究和解释 .结果表明 :两种探测方法给出的地壳基本分层是一致的 ,在三河—平谷大震区上地壳的埋深为 2 1～2 3km ,莫霍界面的深度为 36～ 37km ;该地区基底结构起伏变化较大 ,浅部断裂发育 ,在确定的数条断裂构造带中夏垫断裂是一条特征明显、深浅共存的断裂构造带 ;震源区周围差异明显的速度异常结构和特殊而复杂的地质构造环境意味着这些部位是发生大地震的有利部位 ;该地区莫霍界面起伏变化和较厚的反射叠层以及局部复杂的楔形反射带的存在等现象表明 ,该地区地壳结构发生过强烈的挤压、变形 ,同时也反映出岩浆活动对下地壳结构进行了物质的和结构的强烈改造 ,从而构成了该地区复杂的地壳深部结构 ,可将其视为三河—平谷 8.0级大地震孕育和发生的深部要素
In this paper, the data from deep seismic reflection and wide angle reflection profiling completed in the Sanhe-Pinggu great earthquake (M=8.0) area are comprehensively studied and interpreted. The results shows that the layered crustal structures obtained by the two investigation methods are basically consistent. In the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, where the fluctuation and variation of basement structures are conside- rable and shallow faults well developed, the thickness of the upper crust and the depth of Moho interface are 21～23km and 36～37km, respectively. Among several fault zones determined by this study, the Xiadian fault is a tectonic zone with obvious characteristics and coexistence of both shallow and deep faults. Surrounding the focus, anomalous velocity structures which exhibit apparent differences along with special and complex geological tectonic environment mean that these parts are favorable for earthquake occurrence. The phenomena of Moho interface fluctuation and rather thick overlapping reflection layers and existence of locally complex cuneiform reflection zones and so on, indicate that the strong compression and deformation of the crustal structures had taken place in this region, and magmatic activity caused strong reformation of materials and structures in lower crust, further more resulted in complicated deep crustal structures in the area and maybe regarded as the deep background for the development and occurrence of Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake.
In this paper, the data from deep seismic reflection and wide angle reflection profiling completed in the Sanhe-Pinggu great earthquake (M=8.0) area are comprehensively studied and interpreted. The results shows that the layered crustal structures obtained by the two investigation methods are basically consistent. In the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area, where the fluctuation and variation of basement structures are conside- rable and shallow faults well developed, the thickness of the upper crust and the depth of Moho interface are 21～23km and 36～37km, respectively. Among several fault zones determined by this study, the Xiadian fault is a tectonic zone with obvious characteristics and coexistence of both shallow and deep faults. Surrounding the focus, anomalous velocity structures which exhibit apparent differences along with special and complex geological tectonic environment mean that these parts are favorable for earthquake occurrence. The phenomena of Moho interface fluctuation and rather thick overlapping reflection layers and existence of locally complex cuneiform reflection zones and so on, indicate that the strong compression and deformation of the crustal structures had taken place in this region, and magmatic activity caused strong reformation of materials and structures in lower crust, further more resulted in complicated deep crustal structures in the area and maybe regarded as the deep background for the development and occurrence of Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake.
引文
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[3] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.香河—北京—涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征.地震地质,1999,21(1):29～36ZhaoJR ,ZhangXK ,ZhangCK ,etal.Thecrust mantletectonicsandvelocitystructurecharacteristicsinXianghe—Beijing—Zhuoluanditsadjacentareas.SeismologyandGeology(inChinese),1999,21(1):29～36
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[5] 高文学,马 瑾主编.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,1997,1～51GaoWX ,MaJ (Editors),SeismoGeologicalBackgroundandEarth quakehazardinBeijingArea(inChinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1997,1～51
[6] 宋占隆,杨卓欣,石金虎等.用Pg波走时重建华北地区结晶基底速度及时间项图像.华北地震科学,1997,15(2):9～16SongZL ,YangZ .X ,ShiJH ,etal.Reconstructionofthebasementvelocitiesandtime termsusingPgwavesinnorthChinaregion.NorthChinaEarthquakeSciences(inChinese),1997,15(2):9～16
[7] 张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋等.延庆—怀来地区地壳结构———利用深地震反射剖面.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):356～364ZhangXK ,WangCY ,LiuGD ,etal.FinecrustalstructureinYan qing—Huailairegionbydeepseismicreflectionprofiling.ChineseJ .Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1996,39(3):356～364
[8] 祝治平,张先康,张建狮等.北京—怀来—丰镇剖面地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究.地震学报,1997,19(5):499～505ZhuZP ,ZhangXK ,ZhangJS ,etal.Studyoncrust mantletec tonicsanditsvelocitystructurealongtheBeijing—Huailai—Fengzhenprofile.ActaSeismologicaSinica,1997,10(5):615～623
[9] 吕庆田,侯增谦,赵金花等.深地震反射剖面揭示的铜陵矿集区复杂地壳结构形态.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(5):442～449LuQT ,HouZQ ,ZhaoJH ,etal.StructureofrevealTonglingmi nerycomplexcrustwithdeepseismicreflectionprofile.ScienceinChina(SeriesD)(inChinese),2003,33(5):442～449
[10] 王椿镛,张先康,赵静娴等.邢台地震区地壳细结构研究及对地震构造的新认识.见:陈运泰等主编.中国固体地球物理学进展.北京:海洋出版社,1994.31～40WangCY ,ZhangXK ,ZhaoJX ,etal.StudyoffinestructureinXingtaiearthquakeareaandnewknowledgeoftheseismotectonics.In:ChenYTetal.(eds.),AdvancesinSolidEarthGeophysicsinChina(inChinese).Beijing:OceanPress,1994.31～40
[11] 徐锡伟,马文涛,于贵华等.华北平原北部最新构造变动环境及其构造模式———三河—平谷地震断层深浅构造关系分析.见:卢演俦等主编,新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001.267～281XuXW ,MaWT ,YuGH ,etal.Thebackgroundofmostrecenttec toniceventsinthenorthernNorthChinaplainanditsstructuralpat tern—AnalysisofcorrelationbetweenshallowanddeepstructuresalongtheSanhe—Pingguseismicfault.In:LuYCetal.(eds.),NeotectonicsandEnvironment(inChinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2001.267～281
[2] 岳华峰,宋战隆.从石家庄—喀喇沁旗人工地震测深结果看燕山山区与华北平原区地壳深部结构的差异.见:国家地震局科技监测司编.中国大陆深部构造的研究与进展.北京:地质出版社,1988.216～226YueHF ,SongZL .Differenceindeep crustalstructurebetweenYanshanmountainregionandNorthChinaplainjudgedbythedataofShijiazhuang—Jinshan(Harqinqi)DSSprofile.In:EditorofDepart mentofSciendificProgrammingandEarthquakeMonitoring.Develop mentsintheResearchofDeepStructuresofChineseContinent(inChinese).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1988.216～226
[3] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.香河—北京—涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征.地震地质,1999,21(1):29～36ZhaoJR ,ZhangXK ,ZhangCK ,etal.Thecrust mantletectonicsandvelocitystructurecharacteristicsinXianghe—Beijing—Zhuoluanditsadjacentareas.SeismologyandGeology(inChinese),1999,21(1):29～36
[4] 王椿镛,王贵美,林中洋等.用深地震反射方法研究邢台地震区地壳细结构.地球物理学报,1993,36(4):445～451WangCY ,WangGM ,LinZY ,etal.AstudyonfinecrustalstructureinXingtaiearthquakeareabasedondeepseismicreflectionprofiling.ChineseJ.Geophys(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1993,36(4):445～451
[5] 高文学,马 瑾主编.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,1997,1～51GaoWX ,MaJ (Editors),SeismoGeologicalBackgroundandEarth quakehazardinBeijingArea(inChinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1997,1～51
[6] 宋占隆,杨卓欣,石金虎等.用Pg波走时重建华北地区结晶基底速度及时间项图像.华北地震科学,1997,15(2):9～16SongZL ,YangZ .X ,ShiJH ,etal.Reconstructionofthebasementvelocitiesandtime termsusingPgwavesinnorthChinaregion.NorthChinaEarthquakeSciences(inChinese),1997,15(2):9～16
[7] 张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋等.延庆—怀来地区地壳结构———利用深地震反射剖面.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):356～364ZhangXK ,WangCY ,LiuGD ,etal.FinecrustalstructureinYan qing—Huailairegionbydeepseismicreflectionprofiling.ChineseJ .Geophys.(ActaGeophysicaSinica),1996,39(3):356～364
[8] 祝治平,张先康,张建狮等.北京—怀来—丰镇剖面地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究.地震学报,1997,19(5):499～505ZhuZP ,ZhangXK ,ZhangJS ,etal.Studyoncrust mantletec tonicsanditsvelocitystructurealongtheBeijing—Huailai—Fengzhenprofile.ActaSeismologicaSinica,1997,10(5):615～623
[9] 吕庆田,侯增谦,赵金花等.深地震反射剖面揭示的铜陵矿集区复杂地壳结构形态.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(5):442～449LuQT ,HouZQ ,ZhaoJH ,etal.StructureofrevealTonglingmi nerycomplexcrustwithdeepseismicreflectionprofile.ScienceinChina(SeriesD)(inChinese),2003,33(5):442～449
[10] 王椿镛,张先康,赵静娴等.邢台地震区地壳细结构研究及对地震构造的新认识.见:陈运泰等主编.中国固体地球物理学进展.北京:海洋出版社,1994.31～40WangCY ,ZhangXK ,ZhaoJX ,etal.StudyoffinestructureinXingtaiearthquakeareaandnewknowledgeoftheseismotectonics.In:ChenYTetal.(eds.),AdvancesinSolidEarthGeophysicsinChina(inChinese).Beijing:OceanPress,1994.31～40
[11] 徐锡伟,马文涛,于贵华等.华北平原北部最新构造变动环境及其构造模式———三河—平谷地震断层深浅构造关系分析.见:卢演俦等主编,新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001.267～281XuXW ,MaWT ,YuGH ,etal.Thebackgroundofmostrecenttec toniceventsinthenorthernNorthChinaplainanditsstructuralpat tern—AnalysisofcorrelationbetweenshallowanddeepstructuresalongtheSanhe—Pingguseismicfault.In:LuYCetal.(eds.),NeotectonicsandEnvironment(inChinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2001.267～281
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