柴达木盆地三湖地区表层低速带引起的地震异常判识及消除
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摘要
柴达木盆地三湖地区近些年进一步的勘探实践发现,该区地震异常特征并不完全预示地层含气。经分析研究认为,该区地震异常从成因角度可分为3种类型:一是表层低速带(非含气)引起的地震异常;二是由高丰度气引起的地震异常;三是由低丰度气与表层低速异常带共同引起的地震异常。地震正演模拟和反复实验证明,应用共炮检距剖面分析技术能够有效判识研究区表层低速异常带引起的地震异常,在此基础上联合应用层析成像静校正技术与叠前深度偏移处理技术,能够较好地将其消除。
In recent years,further exploration practice in Sanhu area of Qaidam Basin discovers that not all the seismic anomalies are caused by gas in reservoirs.After deeply analysis,the seismic anomalies can be divided into three groups according to the genesis.The first type is caused by surface low-velocity zone(non-gas).The second type is caused by the high-abundance gas.The third type is caused by the above two facts.Seismic forward modeling and repeated experiments show that common offset profile analysis technique can effectively identify the seismic anomalies caused by surface low-velocity zone.After identifying this type of seismic anomalies,by jointly applying seismic tomography static correction and pre-stack depth migration,the seismic anomalies can be eliminated.
In recent years,further exploration practice in Sanhu area of Qaidam Basin discovers that not all the seismic anomalies are caused by gas in reservoirs.After deeply analysis,the seismic anomalies can be divided into three groups according to the genesis.The first type is caused by surface low-velocity zone(non-gas).The second type is caused by the high-abundance gas.The third type is caused by the above two facts.Seismic forward modeling and repeated experiments show that common offset profile analysis technique can effectively identify the seismic anomalies caused by surface low-velocity zone.After identifying this type of seismic anomalies,by jointly applying seismic tomography static correction and pre-stack depth migration,the seismic anomalies can be eliminated.
引文
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[14]徐基祥,陈立康,刘雯林,等.叠前深度偏移的应用范围和几点认识[J].石油学报,1999,20(3):8-12Xu J X,Chen L K,Liu W L,et al.Applicability ofprestack depth migration and some gains[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,1999,20(3):8-12
[15]王者顺,樊佳芳,王卫江.叠前逐层成像速度建模方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):384-387Wang Z S,Fan J F,Wang W J.Layer-by-layer pres-tack imaging velocity model building and application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):384-387
[16]吴明华,吴清岭,李文艳.叠前深度偏移资料解释方法研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):331～336Wu Ming-hua.Data interpretation on prestack depth-migration section[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2004,43(4):331-336
[2]张德林.三湖地区天然气藏的地震信息特征与地质条件的研讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(6):807-814Zhang D L.Discussion on seismic information char-acter and geologic condition of gas accumulation inSanhu region[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(6):807-814
[3]党玉琪,侯泽生,徐子远.柴达木盆地生物气成藏条件[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):374-378Dang Y Q,Hou Z S,Xu Z Y.The conditions for bio-gas accumulation in Qaidam basin[J].Xinjiang Pe-troleum Geology,2003,24(5):374-378
[4]田继先,孙平,张林,等.利用地震属性预测柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气藏[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(2):305-309Tian J X,Sun P,Zhang L,et al.Seismic propertytechnique to predict quaternary biogas pool in Qaid-am basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(2):305-309
[5]张绍胜,曾富英,孔骅.柴达木盆地三湖地区地震异常分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):176-177Zhang S S,Zeng F Y,Kong H.Seismic abnormal a-nalysis of the Sanhu depression in Qaidam basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(supplement A):176-177
[6]王海立,翟俊伟,宁宏晓,等.三湖地区真假含气地震异常的识别与处理技术[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):39-41Wang H L.Identification and elimination of non-gas-related seismic anomalies in the Sanhu area,QaidamBasin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(6):39-41
[7]金惠,曾富英,张绍胜,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区的烃类检测技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,30(增刊1):13-16Jin Hui,Zeng F Y,Zhang S S,et al.Hydrocarbondetection technique and research in Sanhu area ofQaidam basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,30(S1):13-16
[8]王西文,苏明军,徐尚成,等.三湖地区天然气地震预测[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):288-290Wang X W,Su M J,Xu S C,et al.The seismic pre-diction of gas in the Sanhu area[J].Natural Gas In-dustry,2007,27(S A):288-290
[9]陈现,高楚桥.双饱和度在三湖地区低饱和度气层识别中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(1):93-98Chen Xian,Gao C Q.Application of dual saturationmethod in the low saturation unconsolidatedgas-bearing sandstone in Sanhu area[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2011,50(1):30-33
[10]王西文,徐凤银,冯云发,等.三湖地区地震资料处理中的静校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):572-580Wang X W,Xu F Y,Feng Y F,et al.Study on staticcorrections of seismic data processing in Sanhu area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(5):572-580
[11]王孝,禄娟,冯心远,等.先验信息约束层析成像静校正柴西南地区的应用[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):30-33Wang X,Lu J,Feng X Y,et al.Application of prioriinformation constraint tomography static correctiontechnique in the south of Western Qaidam basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):30-33
[12]陈世军,张建中.初至波射线层析成像在复杂区静校正中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):34-39Chen S J,Zhang J Z.The application of seismic firstarrival ray tracing tomography static in the compli-cated near surface area[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2006,45(1):34-39
[13]冯泽元,李培明,唐海忠,等.利用层析反演技术解决山地复杂区静校正问题[J].石油物探,2005,41(3):284-287Feng Z Y,Li P M,Tang H Z,et al.Solving the staticcorrection problem in mountain complex block usingtom-ographic inversion[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2005,44(3):284-287
[14]徐基祥,陈立康,刘雯林,等.叠前深度偏移的应用范围和几点认识[J].石油学报,1999,20(3):8-12Xu J X,Chen L K,Liu W L,et al.Applicability ofprestack depth migration and some gains[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,1999,20(3):8-12
[15]王者顺,樊佳芳,王卫江.叠前逐层成像速度建模方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):384-387Wang Z S,Fan J F,Wang W J.Layer-by-layer pres-tack imaging velocity model building and application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):384-387
[16]吴明华,吴清岭,李文艳.叠前深度偏移资料解释方法研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):331～336Wu Ming-hua.Data interpretation on prestack depth-migration section[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2004,43(4):331-336
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