典型构造微破裂集结的实验研究
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摘要
通过大理岩破裂实验 ,考察了典型构造中微裂纹的演化、集结的过程和特征 .根据损伤理论 ,分析了构造对微破裂演化的控制作用 .根据微破裂集结临界条件的相似原理 ,认为这些特征可以类推到公里尺度 ,它们有助于解释地震中短期阶段的前震或广义前震分布 ,作为地震前兆的一次效应 .其它物理效应为二次或三次效应 .微破裂集结时局部密度突然加大 ,有助于解释部分前兆记录突跳现象 .非集结部分出现部分微裂纹愈合 ,密度反向变化 ,有助于解释一些前兆记录在短临阶段记录中出现反向的现象 .考察了不同构造的不同部位微破裂萌生和演化的范围差异 ,这些差异有助于解释不同地质构造孕震区域的孕震过程 ,从而可解释板缘和板内地震前兆记录的差异 .这种差异可能被不同观点学者分别引用 ,以论证地震是否有前兆记录的问题 .然而 ,在考察不同地区的前兆记录时 ,必须注意不同地区的地质背景 .
The evolution, nucleation and characteristics of microcracks in typical tectonics are investigated in the experiment of fracture of marble specimen. The change of state during nucleation of microcracks is observed. The controlling effect of tectonics to evolution of microcracks is analyzed by using the damage mechanics theory. These characteristics can be analogized to kilometer meters as the first effect of earthquake precursors. These studies may be helpful to interpret the foreshock or general foreshock in the moderate or short stage before strong earthquakes. The other physical precursors are second or third effect. The local density of microcracks increasing suddenly may be helpful to interpret the phenomenon that part precursor records appear catastrophic jump. The part out of nucleation where some microcracks heal and the density change reversibly may be helpful to interpret the phenomenon that some precursors records appear reverse change. The area difference of microcracks accumulation and evolution in different part of typical tectonics is studied. This difference may be helpful to interpret the characteristics (including the area) of earthquake preparation of different tectonics, and further to interpret the difference of the precursors between plate edge and intraplate. These differences may be introduced by the scholars with different points of view as to discuss about the existence of precursors before earthquakes. However, when the precursor records are studied, one must notice the geology background in different areas.
The evolution, nucleation and characteristics of microcracks in typical tectonics are investigated in the experiment of fracture of marble specimen. The change of state during nucleation of microcracks is observed. The controlling effect of tectonics to evolution of microcracks is analyzed by using the damage mechanics theory. These characteristics can be analogized to kilometer meters as the first effect of earthquake precursors. These studies may be helpful to interpret the foreshock or general foreshock in the moderate or short stage before strong earthquakes. The other physical precursors are second or third effect. The local density of microcracks increasing suddenly may be helpful to interpret the phenomenon that part precursor records appear catastrophic jump. The part out of nucleation where some microcracks heal and the density change reversibly may be helpful to interpret the phenomenon that some precursors records appear reverse change. The area difference of microcracks accumulation and evolution in different part of typical tectonics is studied. This difference may be helpful to interpret the characteristics (including the area) of earthquake preparation of different tectonics, and further to interpret the difference of the precursors between plate edge and intraplate. These differences may be introduced by the scholars with different points of view as to discuss about the existence of precursors before earthquakes. However, when the precursor records are studied, one must notice the geology background in different areas.
引文
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李世愚 ,滕春凯 ,卢振业 ,等 .2 0 0 0 .地震破裂的集结及其前兆意义 [J].地震学报 ,2 2 ( 2 ) :2 0 1～ 2 0 9
梅世蓉 ,冯德益 ,张国民 ,等 .1 993 .中国地震预报概论 [M].北京 :地震出版社 ,4 98
王健 .1 999.地震活动性震级结构特征和前兆机理分析及其在大陆强震地点预测中的应用 [D].中国地震局地球物理研究所 .1 2 9
姚存英 ,陈 ,殷有泉 ,等 .1 988.具有割缝的大理石试剪件破坏过程的有限元模拟 [J].地球物理学报 ,3 1 ( 1 ) :4 2～ 51
谢和平 .1 996.分形 -岩石力学导论 [M].北京 :科学出版社 ,3 69
郁曙君 ,李世愚 .1 998.NS,K ,R,M等值线图所展示的川滇地区强震的前兆图象 [J].地震地磁观测与研究 .1 9( 4) :3 7～ 4 7
赵永红 ,黄杰藩 ,王仁 .1 993 .破裂带发展的扫描电镜实验研究及其对地震前兆的启示 [J].地球物理学报 ,3 6( 4) :4 53～ 4 62
赵豫生 ,陈 ,王仁 .1 988.岩石裂纹附近的变形局部化与破坏激光全息干涉法的应用 [J].地球物理学报 ,3 1 ( 3 ) :2 94～ 3 0 5
Ashby M F,Sammis C G.1 990 .The damage mechanics of brittle solidsin compression[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1 3 3 ( 3 ) :4 89～ 52 1
Atkinson B K.1 987.F racture Mechanics of Rock[M].London:Academic Press Limited,1 5Kuksenko V,Tomilin N,Damaskinskaya E,et al.1 996.A two stage model of fracture of rocks[J].Pure ApplGeophys,1 4 6( 2 ) :2 53～ 2 63
Geller R J,Jackson D,Kayan Y,etal.1 997.Earthquakes cannot be predicted[J].Science,2 75:1 61 6～ 1 61 7
Segall P,Pollard D D. 1 980 .Mechanics of discontinuous faults[J].J Geophys.Res,85( B8) :4 3 3 7～ 4 3 50
Zhurkov SN,Kuksenko V S,Petrov V A. 1 984 .Principlesof the kinetic approach of fractureprediction[J].Theor ApplF rac Mech,1 :2 71～ 2 74
Zhurkov S N. 1 957.Kinetic conceptof the trength of solid[J].Vistnik Akad Sci,1 1 :78～ 87
Zhurkov S N. 1 965.Kinetic conceptof the trength of solid[J].Int J Fracture Mech,1 :3 1 1～ 3 2 3
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