面向地震灾害场景建模的三维地形交互改造技术
|
摘要
在虚拟地震灾害场景基础上,提出一种细节可控的三维地形实时改造算法,用于模拟因地震造成灾区地表形态的变化情况。该方法将地形改造的主要任务交由GPU(图形处理器)的pixel shader(像素着色器)完成,在pixel shader中将原始地形高度图的高程数据读取出来,通过设计算法对数据进行改造后输出至一张新的高度图,并用新的高度图替换原始高度图重新绘制一遍场景,以完成地形的实时改造;使用"乒乓"算法和批处理方式对地形改造效率进一步优化;引入Perlin(柏林)噪声增加了地形改造结果的随机扰动性,使改造结果更加逼真和接近实际情况。实验结果表明:该方法能够在地震灾害场景仿真平台中得到很好的应用,运算效率高,能够满足地形实时改造和交互编辑的实际需求。
Based on the virtual earthquake disaster scene,We put forward a real-time terrain modification algorithm with controllable details,and use this method to simulate the terrain deformation of disaster area.GPU completes most of the terrain modification computation using pixel shader.Pixel shader reads the raw data from height map and executes the modification,then outputs the results to a new map,which is transferred to main memory and replaces the old data.And then the terrain is rendered again to complete the terrain modification.The algorithm is optimized by using "Ping-Pang" algorithm and batch processing.Furthermore,Perlin noise is introduced into the modification algorithm to simulate the complicated morphology of terrain surface in disaster scene.The experimental results show that this method obtains a successful application in virtual earthquake scene,and can meet the realtime modification and interactive editing of terrain.
Based on the virtual earthquake disaster scene,We put forward a real-time terrain modification algorithm with controllable details,and use this method to simulate the terrain deformation of disaster area.GPU completes most of the terrain modification computation using pixel shader.Pixel shader reads the raw data from height map and executes the modification,then outputs the results to a new map,which is transferred to main memory and replaces the old data.And then the terrain is rendered again to complete the terrain modification.The algorithm is optimized by using "Ping-Pang" algorithm and batch processing.Furthermore,Perlin noise is introduced into the modification algorithm to simulate the complicated morphology of terrain surface in disaster scene.The experimental results show that this method obtains a successful application in virtual earthquake scene,and can meet the realtime modification and interactive editing of terrain.
引文
[1]贾群林,周柏贾.地震灾害场景仿真模拟的研究与应用[J].计算机研究与发展,2010,47(6):1038-1043.Jia Qunlin,Zhou Baijia.Earthquake Disaster Scenario Simulation Technology[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2010,47(6):1038-1043.
[2]朱琳,苏小四,林学钰,等.VR-GIS技术在无锡西部地区地裂缝研究中的应用[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(2):317-322.Zhu Lin,Su Xiaosi,Lin Xueyu,et al.Application of VR-GIS in Studying Ground Fracture in the Western Region of Wuxi Area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(2):317-322.
[3]于军,苏小四,朱琳,等.苏锡常地区地面沉降地质结构三维可视化模型虚拟现实系统研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(2):393-399.Yu Jun,Su Xiaosi,Zhu Lin,et al.Research on 3D Visualized Strata Model Virtual Reality System of Land Subsidence in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(2):393-399.
[4]He Y,Cremer J,Papelis Y.Real-Time Extendibleresolution Display of On-Line Dynamic Terrain[C]//Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Graphics Interface.Calgary:Peters A K,Ltd,2002:151-160.
[5]王林旭,李思昆,潘晓辉.动态地形的实时可视化[J].计算机学报,2003,26(11):1525-1531.Wang Linxu,Li Sikun,Pan Xiaohui.Real Time Visualization of Dynamic Terrain[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2003,26(11):1524-1531.
[6]Cai X Q,Li F X,Sun H.Research of Dynamic Terrain in Complex Battlefield Environments[C]//Proceeding of Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment.Hangzhou:Springer-Verlag,2006:903-912.
[7]Chen G J,Zhang J,Xu X L,et al.Real-Time Visualization of Tire Tracks in Dynamic Terrain with LOD[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.2007:655-666.
[8]Aquilio A,Brooks J.Real-Time GPU-Based Simulation of Dynamic Terrain[C]//Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4291.NV:Springer-Verlag,2006:891-900.
[9]Justin C.Andirew F.Patrick M.A System for Real-Time Deformable Terrain[C]//Proceedings of the2011 Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists.New York:ACM,2011:77-86.
[10]张豫南,王冬,夏乙,等.瓦片块四叉树动态地形层次细节算法[J].兵工学报,2011,32(11):1412-1415.Zhang Yunan.Wang Dong.Xia Yi.et al.A Quadtree Dynamic Terrain Levels Algorithm[J].Acta Armamentar,2011,32(11):1412-1415.
[11]Wang D.Wang C.Real-Time GPU-Based Simulation of Dynamic Terrain in Virtual Battlefield[J].Journal of Computational Information Systems,2011,7(6):1924-1933.
[12]Perlin K.An Image Synthesizer[J].ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics,1985,19(3):287-296.
[13]Perlin K.Improving Noise[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2002,21(3):681-682.
[14]Ebert D S,Musgrave F K.Peachey D.et al.Texturing and Modeling:A Procedural Approach[M].3rd ed.San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.2002:600-601.
[15]de Carpentier G,Bidarra R.Interactive GPU-Based Procedural Heightfield Brushes[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games.New York:ACM,2009:55-62.
[16]曹启华,邓雪清.基于金字塔模型的规则格网数据可视化交互式编辑[J].测绘科学技术学报,2007,24(6):427-431.Cao Qihua,Deng Xueqing.Research on Visualized Interactive Editing of the Regular Grid Data Based on the Pyramid Model[J].Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology,2007,24(6):427-431.
[2]朱琳,苏小四,林学钰,等.VR-GIS技术在无锡西部地区地裂缝研究中的应用[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(2):317-322.Zhu Lin,Su Xiaosi,Lin Xueyu,et al.Application of VR-GIS in Studying Ground Fracture in the Western Region of Wuxi Area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(2):317-322.
[3]于军,苏小四,朱琳,等.苏锡常地区地面沉降地质结构三维可视化模型虚拟现实系统研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(2):393-399.Yu Jun,Su Xiaosi,Zhu Lin,et al.Research on 3D Visualized Strata Model Virtual Reality System of Land Subsidence in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Area[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(2):393-399.
[4]He Y,Cremer J,Papelis Y.Real-Time Extendibleresolution Display of On-Line Dynamic Terrain[C]//Proceedings of the 2002 Conference on Graphics Interface.Calgary:Peters A K,Ltd,2002:151-160.
[5]王林旭,李思昆,潘晓辉.动态地形的实时可视化[J].计算机学报,2003,26(11):1525-1531.Wang Linxu,Li Sikun,Pan Xiaohui.Real Time Visualization of Dynamic Terrain[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2003,26(11):1524-1531.
[6]Cai X Q,Li F X,Sun H.Research of Dynamic Terrain in Complex Battlefield Environments[C]//Proceeding of Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment.Hangzhou:Springer-Verlag,2006:903-912.
[7]Chen G J,Zhang J,Xu X L,et al.Real-Time Visualization of Tire Tracks in Dynamic Terrain with LOD[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.2007:655-666.
[8]Aquilio A,Brooks J.Real-Time GPU-Based Simulation of Dynamic Terrain[C]//Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4291.NV:Springer-Verlag,2006:891-900.
[9]Justin C.Andirew F.Patrick M.A System for Real-Time Deformable Terrain[C]//Proceedings of the2011 Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists.New York:ACM,2011:77-86.
[10]张豫南,王冬,夏乙,等.瓦片块四叉树动态地形层次细节算法[J].兵工学报,2011,32(11):1412-1415.Zhang Yunan.Wang Dong.Xia Yi.et al.A Quadtree Dynamic Terrain Levels Algorithm[J].Acta Armamentar,2011,32(11):1412-1415.
[11]Wang D.Wang C.Real-Time GPU-Based Simulation of Dynamic Terrain in Virtual Battlefield[J].Journal of Computational Information Systems,2011,7(6):1924-1933.
[12]Perlin K.An Image Synthesizer[J].ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics,1985,19(3):287-296.
[13]Perlin K.Improving Noise[J].ACM Transactions on Graphics,2002,21(3):681-682.
[14]Ebert D S,Musgrave F K.Peachey D.et al.Texturing and Modeling:A Procedural Approach[M].3rd ed.San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.2002:600-601.
[15]de Carpentier G,Bidarra R.Interactive GPU-Based Procedural Heightfield Brushes[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games.New York:ACM,2009:55-62.
[16]曹启华,邓雪清.基于金字塔模型的规则格网数据可视化交互式编辑[J].测绘科学技术学报,2007,24(6):427-431.Cao Qihua,Deng Xueqing.Research on Visualized Interactive Editing of the Regular Grid Data Based on the Pyramid Model[J].Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology,2007,24(6):427-431.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心