基于局部直方图规定化的相干体增强(英文)
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摘要
相干体是一种能够有效反映断层和裂缝等地质上非连续性的地震资料解释工具。然而由于受到附近地层,尤其是具有较强反射系数的地层的影响,微小断层和裂缝在相干体的时间切片和纵剖面上仍然难以辨别。本文提出了一种基于局部直方图规定化的相干体增强方法,实现相干体中的微小断层和裂缝的增强。与传统直方图规定化方法不同,本文方法处理三维相干体时不需要对数据进行离散化以统计其分布情况。在将相干体划分为若干子块后,以相干体整体的分布函数作为每个子块内的目标分布函数进行直方图规定化。另外,相邻子块的部分区域需要重叠,以克服分块产生的边界效应。对实际数据的处理结果表明,该方法可以提供更多的微小断层和裂缝的细节信息。
Coherence analysis is a powerful tool in seismic interpretation for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and fractures. However, subtle faults or fractures of one stratum are difficult to be distinguished on coherence sections (time slices or profiles) due to interferences from adjacent strata, especially these with strong reflectivity. In this paper, we propose a coherence enhancement method which applies local histogram specification (LHS) techniques to enhance subtle faults or fractures in the coherence cubes. Unlike the traditional histogram specification (HS) algorithm, our method processes 3D coherence data without discretization. This method partitions a coherence cube into many sub-blocks and self-adaptively specifies the target distribution in each block based on the whole distribution of the coherence cube. Furthermore, the neighboring blocks are partially overlapped to reduce the edge effect. Applications to real datasets show that the new method enhances the details of subtle faults and fractures noticeably.
Coherence analysis is a powerful tool in seismic interpretation for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and fractures. However, subtle faults or fractures of one stratum are difficult to be distinguished on coherence sections (time slices or profiles) due to interferences from adjacent strata, especially these with strong reflectivity. In this paper, we propose a coherence enhancement method which applies local histogram specification (LHS) techniques to enhance subtle faults or fractures in the coherence cubes. Unlike the traditional histogram specification (HS) algorithm, our method processes 3D coherence data without discretization. This method partitions a coherence cube into many sub-blocks and self-adaptively specifies the target distribution in each block based on the whole distribution of the coherence cube. Furthermore, the neighboring blocks are partially overlapped to reduce the edge effect. Applications to real datasets show that the new method enhances the details of subtle faults and fractures noticeably.
引文
Al-Dossary,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2003,Improved3-Dseismic edge-detection filter applied to Vinton DomeLouisiana:73th Ann.Internat.Mtg,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,2370–2372.
Al-Dossary,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2007,Lineament-preserving filtering:Geophysics,72(1),P1–P8
Bahorich,M.S.,and Farmer,S.L.,1995,3-D seismicdiscontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:TheLeading Edge,14,1053–1058.
Carter,N.,and Lines,L.,2001,Fault imaging using edgedetection and coherency measures on Hibernia3-Dseismic data:The Leading Edge,20(1),64–69.
Coltuc,D.,Bolon,P.,and Chassery,J.M.,2006,Exacthistogram specification:Transactions on ImageProcessing.15(5),1143–1152.
Gersztenkorn,A.,and Marfurt,K.J.,1999,Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to3-D structuraland stratigraphic mapping:Geophysics,64(5),1468–1479.
Gonzales,R.C.,and Woods,R.E.,2002,Digital imageprocess:Prentice-Hall.
Hassen,N.A.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2003,Fault detectionusing Hough transforms:73th Ann.Internat.Mtg,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1719–1721.
Hummel,R.A.,1977,Image enhancement by histogramtransformation:Computer Graphics and ImageProcessing,6,184–195.
Kim,J.Y.,Kim,L.S.,and Hwang,S.H.,2001,An advancedcontrast enhancement using partially overlapped blockhistogram equalization:IEEE Transactions on Circuits andSystems for Video Technology,11(4),475–484.
Knuth,D.E.,1973,The art of computer programming,volume3sorting and searching:Addison-Wesley.
L a w r e n c e,P.,1998,S e i s m i c a t t r i b u t e s i n t h echaracterization of small-scale reservoir faults in AbqaiqField:The Leading Edge,17(4),521–525.
Li,Y.D.,Lu,W.K.,Zhang,S.W.and Xiao,H.Q.,2006,Dip scanning coherence algorithm using eigenstructureanalysis and super-trace technique,Geophysics,71(3),61–66.
Lu,W.K.,Li,Y.D.,Xiao,H.Q.,and Zhang,S.W.,2005,Higher-order statistics and super-trace based coherenceestimation algorithm:Geophysics,70(3),13–18.
Marfurt,K.J.,Kirlin,R.L.,Farmer,S.L.,and Bahorich,M.S.,1998,3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-basedcoherence algorithm:Geophysics,63(4),1150–1165.
Narhari,S.R.,Singh,S.K.,Al-Ajmi,N.H.,and Al-Eidan,A.J.,2007,Seismic attributes in the search for fractureplays:77th Ann.Internat.Mtg,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,417–421.
Neves,F.A.,Zahrani,M.S.,and Bremkamp,S.W.,2004,Detection of potential fractures and small faults usingseismic attributes:The Leading Edge,23(9),903–906.
Pizer,S.M.,Amburn,E.P.,Austin,J.D.,Cromartie,R.,Geselowitz,A.,Greer,T.,Romeny,B.H.,Zimmerman,J.B.and Zuiderveld,K.,1987,Adaptive histogramequalizations and its variations:Comp.Vis.,Graphics and Image Processing,39(3),355–368.
Sanguinetti,R.,2006,Image processing techniques appliedto3-D attribute volumes for lithology distribution:76thAnn.Internat.Mtg,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,ExpandedAbstracts,1806–1810.
Skirius,C.,Nissen,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,1999,3-Dseismic attributes applied to carbonates:The LeadingEdge,18,384–389.
Wan,Y.,and Shi,D.,2007,Joint exact histogramspecification and image enhancement through the wavelettransform:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,16(9),2245–2250.
Zhang,Y.J.,1992,Improving the accuracy of directhistogram specification:IEEE Electronics Letters,28(3),213–214.
Al-Dossary,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2007,Lineament-preserving filtering:Geophysics,72(1),P1–P8
Bahorich,M.S.,and Farmer,S.L.,1995,3-D seismicdiscontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features:TheLeading Edge,14,1053–1058.
Carter,N.,and Lines,L.,2001,Fault imaging using edgedetection and coherency measures on Hibernia3-Dseismic data:The Leading Edge,20(1),64–69.
Coltuc,D.,Bolon,P.,and Chassery,J.M.,2006,Exacthistogram specification:Transactions on ImageProcessing.15(5),1143–1152.
Gersztenkorn,A.,and Marfurt,K.J.,1999,Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to3-D structuraland stratigraphic mapping:Geophysics,64(5),1468–1479.
Gonzales,R.C.,and Woods,R.E.,2002,Digital imageprocess:Prentice-Hall.
Hassen,N.A.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2003,Fault detectionusing Hough transforms:73th Ann.Internat.Mtg,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1719–1721.
Hummel,R.A.,1977,Image enhancement by histogramtransformation:Computer Graphics and ImageProcessing,6,184–195.
Kim,J.Y.,Kim,L.S.,and Hwang,S.H.,2001,An advancedcontrast enhancement using partially overlapped blockhistogram equalization:IEEE Transactions on Circuits andSystems for Video Technology,11(4),475–484.
Knuth,D.E.,1973,The art of computer programming,volume3sorting and searching:Addison-Wesley.
L a w r e n c e,P.,1998,S e i s m i c a t t r i b u t e s i n t h echaracterization of small-scale reservoir faults in AbqaiqField:The Leading Edge,17(4),521–525.
Li,Y.D.,Lu,W.K.,Zhang,S.W.and Xiao,H.Q.,2006,Dip scanning coherence algorithm using eigenstructureanalysis and super-trace technique,Geophysics,71(3),61–66.
Lu,W.K.,Li,Y.D.,Xiao,H.Q.,and Zhang,S.W.,2005,Higher-order statistics and super-trace based coherenceestimation algorithm:Geophysics,70(3),13–18.
Marfurt,K.J.,Kirlin,R.L.,Farmer,S.L.,and Bahorich,M.S.,1998,3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-basedcoherence algorithm:Geophysics,63(4),1150–1165.
Narhari,S.R.,Singh,S.K.,Al-Ajmi,N.H.,and Al-Eidan,A.J.,2007,Seismic attributes in the search for fractureplays:77th Ann.Internat.Mtg,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,417–421.
Neves,F.A.,Zahrani,M.S.,and Bremkamp,S.W.,2004,Detection of potential fractures and small faults usingseismic attributes:The Leading Edge,23(9),903–906.
Pizer,S.M.,Amburn,E.P.,Austin,J.D.,Cromartie,R.,Geselowitz,A.,Greer,T.,Romeny,B.H.,Zimmerman,J.B.and Zuiderveld,K.,1987,Adaptive histogramequalizations and its variations:Comp.Vis.,Graphics and Image Processing,39(3),355–368.
Sanguinetti,R.,2006,Image processing techniques appliedto3-D attribute volumes for lithology distribution:76thAnn.Internat.Mtg,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,ExpandedAbstracts,1806–1810.
Skirius,C.,Nissen,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,1999,3-Dseismic attributes applied to carbonates:The LeadingEdge,18,384–389.
Wan,Y.,and Shi,D.,2007,Joint exact histogramspecification and image enhancement through the wavelettransform:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,16(9),2245–2250.
Zhang,Y.J.,1992,Improving the accuracy of directhistogram specification:IEEE Electronics Letters,28(3),213–214.
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