微地震技术在裂缝监测中的应用研究
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摘要
论述压裂过程中诱发微地震的激发机理,分析人造裂缝与地应力关系并叙述了微震事件的定位方法。利用微地震监测技术,通过实时定位理论系统对深凹区BYHF1井页岩水平井分段大型压裂过程实时监测,运用偶极子测井和VSP资料建立监测井区的初始速度模型,并通过射孔炮对其校正。在对实时监测定位理论系统数据进行综合处理分析,及有效微震事件识别的基础上,利用纵波和横波信息分析计算得到微地震事件的位置,通过可视化技术对压裂井区裂缝发育的方向、大小、空间分布进行了描述,监测结果是裂缝发育方向基本上为NE34°,与成像测井结果吻合良好。
This paper discusses the stimulating mechanism of inducing micro-seismic in the fracturing process,analyzes the relationship between artificial fractures and crustal stress and describes the orientation method of seismic events.Using the micro-seismic monitoring technology,we monitored in real-time the Well BYHF1 horizontal fracturing process by real-time positioning theory system.Based on the dipole logging and VSP data,the initial velocity model of monitoring area was established,which can be calibrated through perforation gun.On the basis of comprehensive analysis of real-time monitoring system data and identification of effective seismic events,we calculated the position of micro-seismic events using the information of compression and shear wave analysis.The direction,size,space distribution of fractures of fracturing well-block was described in detail using visualization technology,and the monitoring results show that the direction of fractures are mainly NE34°,which is basically coincided with the results of imaging logging.
This paper discusses the stimulating mechanism of inducing micro-seismic in the fracturing process,analyzes the relationship between artificial fractures and crustal stress and describes the orientation method of seismic events.Using the micro-seismic monitoring technology,we monitored in real-time the Well BYHF1 horizontal fracturing process by real-time positioning theory system.Based on the dipole logging and VSP data,the initial velocity model of monitoring area was established,which can be calibrated through perforation gun.On the basis of comprehensive analysis of real-time monitoring system data and identification of effective seismic events,we calculated the position of micro-seismic events using the information of compression and shear wave analysis.The direction,size,space distribution of fractures of fracturing well-block was described in detail using visualization technology,and the monitoring results show that the direction of fractures are mainly NE34°,which is basically coincided with the results of imaging logging.
引文
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[15]刘建中,王春耘,刘继民,等.用微地震法监测油田生产动态[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,4:71-71.
[16]张玎,张景和.微震裂缝监测技术在低渗透油田的应用[J].资源环境与工程,2008,22(1):45-52.
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[18]彭通曙,刘强,何欣.立体裂缝实时监测技术在油藏水力压裂中的应用[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2011,24(3):47-51.
[19]Jupe A,Cowles J,Jones R.Micro-seismic monitoring:Listen and see the reservoir[J].World Oil,1998,219(12):171-174.
[2]张金川,徐波,聂海宽,等.中国页岩气资源勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):136-140.
[3]米华英,胡明,冯振东,等.我国页岩气资源现状及勘探前景[J].复杂油气藏,2010,3(4):10-13.
[4]陈祥,王敏,严永新,等.泌阳凹陷陆相页岩油气成藏条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):568-577.
[5]蒲泊伶,蒋有录,王毅,等.四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩气成藏条件及有利地区分析[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):225-231.
[6]潘继平,乔德武,李世臻,等.下扬子地区古生界页岩气地质条件与勘探前景[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):337-344.
[7]周文,苏瑗,王付斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县区块中生界页岩气成藏条件与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):29-36.
[8]陈祥,丁连民,刘洪涛,等.南襄盆地泌阳凹陷陆相页岩储层压裂技术研究与应用[J].石油地质与工程,2011,25(3):93-97.
[9]孙海成,汤达祯,蒋廷学,等.页岩气储层压裂改造技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(4):90-96.
[10]付永强,马发明,曾立新,等.页岩气藏储层压裂实验评价关键技术[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):51-56.
[11]Bonnefoy-Claudet S,Cotton F,Pierre-Yves B.The nature of noise wavefield and its applications for site effects studies[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2006,79:205-227.
[12]Li Z G,Yang R H,Zhao J M,et al.Rock-breaking test research on earthquake sequence type[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2005,28(4):388-393.
[13]Zhang S,Liu Q L,Zhao Q,et al.Application of micrc-seismic monitoring technology in development of oil field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(2):226-231.
[14]Liu J Z,Wang C Y,Liu J M,et al.Micro-seismic monitor on the operation of oil fields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(2):71-73.
[15]刘建中,王春耘,刘继民,等.用微地震法监测油田生产动态[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,4:71-71.
[16]张玎,张景和.微震裂缝监测技术在低渗透油田的应用[J].资源环境与工程,2008,22(1):45-52.
[17]张景和,孙宗欣.地应力、裂缝测试技术在石油勘探开发中的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:38-62.
[18]彭通曙,刘强,何欣.立体裂缝实时监测技术在油藏水力压裂中的应用[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2011,24(3):47-51.
[19]Jupe A,Cowles J,Jones R.Micro-seismic monitoring:Listen and see the reservoir[J].World Oil,1998,219(12):171-174.
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