井-地观测系统(3D+VSP)和基于模型的处理技术有关问题的讨论
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摘要
对了解地下构造和描绘地下油气分布来说,用地面地震勘探技术可以分辩15~30 m的地层.低分辨率和缺乏详细的速度信息会降低地面地震勘探的效果,在研究更薄细的油气储层和研究已研究过的老区时,我们要采用一些更先进的勘探技术,对储层进行更精确的预测和描绘.本文分析了VSP、测井和地面地震勘探各自的优势、不足和局限,采用VSP方法,我们只能得到井周围一定空间内的丰富速度信息,而详细的速度模型可以极大地提高地面地震勘探的效果.据此分析,组合VSP和地面地震方法优势的井-地观测系统(3D+VSP),可有效地增加信息量,并可通过引入VSP数据处理时所用的基于模型的处理技术,来使井-地观测系统的优势进一步扩大,在此基础上,如果与精细测井相结合,可以更好的寻找和开发剩余油气,这将是我们今后重要的发展方向.
Up to date 3D seismic exploration on the surface(SES) provides reliable images as well as estimations of productive layer structure and distribution of oil and gas in underground media with resolution of 15~30 m.Low resolution and absence of detailed velocity models limit efficiency of SES.The new technique is necessary for more detailed description of productive layers while finding and extracting the residual oil deposits.In this paper resolution ability,special feature and limitations of VSP,LOG and SES are analyzed.VSP is estimated to be fundamentally limited in investigating near-borehole space.Higher efficiency of SES cannot be achieved unless a more detailed and reliable velocity model is available.It is proposed to combine advantages of VSP and SES with 3D acquisition geometry(3D+VSP).The advantages of this technology may be amplified with application of model-based iterative vector processing approach developed in VSP.If we combine this with fine well logging,better result will be achieved in finding and extracting the residual oil deposits.It will be the important direction of development.
Up to date 3D seismic exploration on the surface(SES) provides reliable images as well as estimations of productive layer structure and distribution of oil and gas in underground media with resolution of 15~30 m.Low resolution and absence of detailed velocity models limit efficiency of SES.The new technique is necessary for more detailed description of productive layers while finding and extracting the residual oil deposits.In this paper resolution ability,special feature and limitations of VSP,LOG and SES are analyzed.VSP is estimated to be fundamentally limited in investigating near-borehole space.Higher efficiency of SES cannot be achieved unless a more detailed and reliable velocity model is available.It is proposed to combine advantages of VSP and SES with 3D acquisition geometry(3D+VSP).The advantages of this technology may be amplified with application of model-based iterative vector processing approach developed in VSP.If we combine this with fine well logging,better result will be achieved in finding and extracting the residual oil deposits.It will be the important direction of development.
引文
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[12]姜秀娣,刘洋,魏修成,等.一种同时反演纵波速度和泊松比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):314~318.Jiang X D,Liu Y,Wei X C,et al.A p-wave velocity andpoisson ratio nonlinear inversion method[J].Progress in Ge-ophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):314~318.
[13]吴文圣,付赓,张智,庄人遴.小井径双源距碳氧比C/O测井的影响因素及处理[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):459~464.Wu W S,Fu G,Zhang Z,Zhuang R L.Study of influencefactor for dual-detector C/O Logging in slim holes[J].Chi-nese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):459~464.
[14]孟庆生,何樵登,樊玉清,等.基于BISQ机制三维双相EDA介质中的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):323~327.Meng Q S,He Q D,Fan Y Q,et al.The reflection andtransmission in 3D double-phase EDA media based on BISQmechanisms[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):323~327.
[15]何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗,等.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):167~172.He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q,et al.Methodology of establis-ing velocity field and velocity variant depth Mapping[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):167~172.
[2]何雨丹,肖立志,毛志强,等.测井评价“三低”油气藏面临的挑战和发展方向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):282~288.He Y D,Xiao L Z,Mao Z Q,et al.The present challenges andresearch direction of well logging evaluation methods in low porosi-ty,low permeability and low saturation reservoir[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):282~288.
[3]原宏壮,陆大卫,张辛耘,等.测井技术新进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):786~795.Yuan H Z,Lu D W,Zhang X Y,et al.An overview of recentadvances in well logging technology[J].Progress in Geophys-ics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):786~795.
[4]王?,杨长春,刘海河,等.克希霍夫法VSP多波联合成像[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):845~855.Wang J,Yang C C,Liu H H,et al.VSP multiwave imagewith KirchHoff Method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chi-nese),2006,21(3):845~855.
[5]Culati J S,Stewart R R,Parkin J M.Analyzing three-com-poent 3D vertical seismic profile data[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):386~392
[6]谢文学,王永刚,邢文军.井孔与地面地震数据联合反演方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):1~6.Xie W X,Wang Y G,Xing W J.An overview of inversionmethods using logging and ground seismicdata[J].ExplorationProgress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,29(1):1~6.
[7]Chopra S,Alexeev V,Manerikar A,et al.Processing/inte-gration of simultaneously acquired 3D surface seismic and 3DVSP data[J].The leading Edge,2004,23(5):422~430.
[8]Ray A,Quist Y,Yu Z,et al.Acquisition of 2D walkaway VSPdata to improve imaging of Thunder Horse North Field,Gulf ofMexico[J].The Leading Edge,2005,24(4):430~432.
[9]于常青,祁晓明,朴永红,等.联合高分辨率地震和精细测井资料的剩余油气分析[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):302~307.Yu C Q,Qi X M,Piao Y H,et al.Analysis of residual oil/gas with the combination data of high resolution seismic andfine well logging[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):302~307.
[10]田效坤.基于模型的地震子波处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊2).Tian X Z.Model-based wavelet processing technology[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,1998,33(增刊2).
[11]Tague J A,Schutz K D.Seismic transtent deconvolution withmodel-based signal[J].Processing Geophysics,1997,62(4):1321~1330.
[12]姜秀娣,刘洋,魏修成,等.一种同时反演纵波速度和泊松比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):314~318.Jiang X D,Liu Y,Wei X C,et al.A p-wave velocity andpoisson ratio nonlinear inversion method[J].Progress in Ge-ophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):314~318.
[13]吴文圣,付赓,张智,庄人遴.小井径双源距碳氧比C/O测井的影响因素及处理[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):459~464.Wu W S,Fu G,Zhang Z,Zhuang R L.Study of influencefactor for dual-detector C/O Logging in slim holes[J].Chi-nese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):459~464.
[14]孟庆生,何樵登,樊玉清,等.基于BISQ机制三维双相EDA介质中的反射与透射[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):323~327.Meng Q S,He Q D,Fan Y Q,et al.The reflection andtransmission in 3D double-phase EDA media based on BISQmechanisms[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):323~327.
[15]何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗,等.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):167~172.He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q,et al.Methodology of establis-ing velocity field and velocity variant depth Mapping[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):167~172.
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